This book analyses the policies of recognition that were developed and implemented to improve the autonomy and socio-economic well-being of Māori in New Zealand and of indigenous and Afro-descendent people in Colombia. It offers a theoretically informed explanation of the reasons why these policies have not yielded the expected results, and offers solutions to mitigate the shortcomings of policies of recognition in both countries. This in-depth analysis enables readers to develop their understanding of the theory of recognition and how it can promote social justice.
Author(s): Nicolas Pirsoul
Series: Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 309
City: Cham
Acknowledgements
Contents
Acronyms
1: Introduction
Overview
Case Studies
Definitions: Indigenous People; Afro-Colombians
Māori in New Zealand
Indigenous Peoples and Afro-Colombians in Colombia
International Law Framework
International Labour Organization Convention 169 (ILO 169)
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP)
Self-determination
Social Suffering
Chapters Overview
Part I: Theoretical Framework
2: The Theory of Recognition
Recognition and Identity
Recognition and Economic Inequalities: Axel Honneth’s Overarching Concept of Recognition
Recognition and Political Institutions
Rethinking Recognition
3: From Recognition to Liberal Multiculturalism
Multicultural Citizenship: A Theory of Group-Differentiated Rights
“Up the Creek in the Black Canoe”: Critiques of Multiculturalism
Similarities and Differences Between Recognition and Multicultural Theories
4: From Multicultural Liberalism to Deliberation
Recognition and Deliberation
The Deliberative Project
The Problem of Representation
Sortition and Deliberative Polls
Deliberation and Recognition
Part II: Case Study One: Recognition in Colombia
5: Ethnic Pluralism and Recognition in Colombia
Colombian History and Political Landscape
Spanish Conquest and Colonial Era (1499–1810)
Colombian Independence and the Conflict Between Conservatives and Liberals (1810–1948)
La Violencia and the National Front Regime (1948–1974)
Land Struggles, Marxist Guerrillas, Paramilitarism and Narco-Traffic
The New Constitution and Contemporary Situation
The 1991 Constitution and Law 70
Indigenous Rights in the Colombian Legal System: Land Rights and Political Autonomy
Political Representation
Indigenous Political Actors
Indigenous Colombian Political Movements and the 1991 Constitution
Reserved Seats Mechanism
Welfare: Differentiated Health Care
Afro-Colombian Collective Rights in Law 70
Land Rights and Political Autonomy
Political Representation
Afro-Colombian Political Actors
Afro-Colombian Political Movements and Law 70
Reserved Seats Mechanism
Welfare: Policies Against Racism and Promoting Afro-Colombian Culture
6: The Challenges of Ethno-Cultural Recognition in Colombia
Social Suffering in Colombia: Assessing the Well-being of Indigenous and Afro-Colombian Populations
Social Suffering in Colombia
Social Suffering and the Indigenous Peoples
Social Suffering and the Afro-Colombian People
The 1991 Constitution: A Neoliberal Project?
Institutional Misrecognition? Land Rights and Indigenous People
Indigenous Political Representation
Welfare: Indigenous Health Care
Afro-Colombian Territorial Rights and Political Autonomy
Effectiveness of Afro-Colombian Political Representation?
Welfare: Racism and Cultural Survival
Part III: Case Study Two: Recognition in New Zealand
7: Māori Recognition in New Zealand
New Zealand History and Political Landscape
Pre-Colonial Era (1280–1800)
Early Settlements and the Treaty of Waitangi (1800–1840)
New Zealand Wars (1845–1866)
Māori Political Participation, Urbanisation and Claims for Reparation (1867–1975)
Neoliberal Reforms and Current Situation (1980s–Present)
The Treaty of Waitangi, the Waitangi Tribunal and Biculturalism
Māori Recognition: Autonomy and Control over Natural Resources
The Resource Management Act 1991
Sea
Lakes and Rivers
Forests
Radio Spectrum
The Tūhoe Settlement Act
Māori Recognition: Political Representation
Māori Politics
Māori Representation in Parliament
Political Representation at the Local Level
Māori Recognition: Welfare
8: The Challenges of Ethno-Cultural Recognition in New Zealand
Social Suffering in New Zealand: Assessing the Well-being of the Māori Population
The Cunning of Biculturalism: The Waitangi Tribunal and Tino Rangatiratanga
Rights to Natural Resources and Tino Rangatiratanga
Māori Elites, Māori Political Representation and/or Māori Co-option?
The Rise of Māori Elites
Māori Political Representation in Parliament
Welfare
Part IV: Analysis
9: Assessing the Politics and Theory of Recognition
Recognition and Political Institutions in Colombia and New Zealand
Recognition, Land Rights and Autonomy
Recognition and Political Representation
Recognition and Differentiated Social Services
Assessing the Critique of Policies of Recognition
The Deliberative Corrective to Policies of Recognition
Reconceptualising Recognition
10: Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
