This book is a pedagogical guide on how to make computations in direct dark matter (DM) detection. The theory behind the calculation of direct detection cross sections and rates is presented, touching aspects related to elementary particle physics, hadronic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The book is structured in self-contained sections, covering several topics ranging from the scattering kinematics to the phenomenology of direct DM searches. It follows a model-independent approach, aiming at providing the readers with all that is needed to understand the theory and start their own analysis. Meant for graduate students and researchers with interests in particle physics and phenomenology, it is enriched with several worked examples from standard and non-standard particle DM models. Senior researchers working in different areas related to dark matter, like particle and nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, find in this book a useful and updated guide for reference.
Author(s): Eugenio Del Nobile
Series: Lecture Notes in Physics, 996
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 266
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Acronyms
Notation
Reference
1 Rate
1.1 Basics
1.2 Scattering Rate
1.3 Detection Rate
References
2 Scattering Kinematics
2.1 Preliminaries
2.2 Two-Particle Kinematics
2.3 Elastic Scattering
2.4 Inelastic Scattering
References
3 From Quarks and Gluons to Nucleons
3.1 Hadronic Matrix Elements
3.2 Scalar Couplings
3.3 Pseudo-Scalar Couplings
3.4 Vector Couplings
3.5 Axial-Vector Couplings
3.6 Tensor Couplings
References
4 DM–Nucleon Interaction
4.1 Non-Relativistic Expansion
4.2 Non-Relativistic Operators
4.3 Examples
4.3.1 DM–Quark and DM–Gluon Effective Operators
4.3.2 Electromagnetic Interactions
References
5 From Nucleons to Nuclei
5.1 Nuclear and Single-Nucleon Matrix Elements
5.2 Scattering Amplitude
5.3 Nuclear Form Factors
5.4 Multipole Expansion and Nuclear Responses
5.4.1 Multipole Decomposition for a Scalar Operator
5.4.2 Multipole Decomposition for a Vector Operator: λ= 0
5.4.3 Multipole Decomposition for a VectorOperator: λ= 1
5.4.4 Parity and Time-Reversal Selection Rules
5.4.5 Examples and Applications
5.5 Scattering Amplitude in the Multipole Expansion
References
6 Scattering Cross Section
6.1 Differential Cross Section
6.2 Spin-Independent Interaction
6.3 Spin-Dependent Interaction
6.4 Vector-Mediated Interaction
6.5 Scalar-Mediated Interaction
6.6 Magnetic-Dipole DM
References
7 DM Velocity Distribution and Velocity Integral
7.1 DM Velocity Distribution in Earth's Frame
7.2 Annual Modulation
7.3 Computing the Velocity Integral
7.4 Standard Halo Model
References
8 Phenomenology of Direct DM Detection
8.1 Setup and Example Models
8.2 Rate Spectrum
8.3 Constraining DM Properties
References
9 Summary
9.1 A Kind of Afterword
9.2 Two-Page Summary
9.3 Q&A
9.3.1 Why Are Nuclei Effective Targets?
9.3.2 What Nuclear Properties Are Relevant to Direct DM Detection?
9.3.3 Can the DM Have Electromagnetic Interactions?
9.3.4 What Is the Energy Scale of the DM–NucleusInteraction?
9.3.5 Can the Momentum Transfer q Be Approximated with the DM Momentum?
9.3.6 Does Setting q = 0 in the DM–Nucleus Differential Cross Section Coincide with Taking Its Point-Like Nucleus Limit?
9.3.7 Can the DM–Nucleus Differential Cross Section Be Approximated with Its q = 0 Value?
9.3.8 When Can the q Dependence of a t-Channel Mediator Propagator in a Tree-Level Diagram Be Neglected?
9.3.9 When Can the DM–Nucleus Differential Cross Section Be Parametrized in Terms of the DM–Nucleon Cross Section σp, n?
9.3.10 When Is It Useful to Define the Zero-Momentum Transfer Cross Section σ0?
9.3.11 When Can the ER Dependence of the DM–Nucleus Differential Cross Section Be Parametrized with a Single Nuclear Form Factor?
9.3.12 Does Neglecting the Nuclear Form Factors Lead to Large Errors?
9.3.13 Can the SD Interaction Be Disregarded When the SI Interaction Is Also Present?
9.3.14 Does Neglecting the Induced Pseudo-Scalar Contribution to the SD Interaction Leadto Large Errors?
9.3.15 Can the Parameters of a Model Be Tuned So to Cancel or Severely Suppress the Cross Section?
9.3.16 What Range in DM Mass Can Be Covered with Direct DM Detection Techniques?
9.3.17 What Are the Assumptions Behind Standard Experimental Constraints?
9.3.18 Is There a Way to Recast the Experimental Constraints on the SI or SD Interactionfor Other Models?
9.3.19 Is There a Way to Recast the Experimental Constraints for Other DM Velocity Distributions?
9.3.20 How Well Is the Standard Halo Model justified?
9.3.21 How Does the Velocity Dependence of the Differential Cross Section Affect the Rate?
9.3.22 What Information Can Be Obtained from the Time Dependence of the Rate?
9.3.23 How Does the Scattering Rate Depend on ER, the Target Material, and the Model Parameters?
References
Further Reading
References
Index
