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The Surface Wettability Effect on Phase Change

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The Surface Wettability Effect on Phase Change collects high level contributions from internationally recognised scientists in the field. It thoroughly explores surface wettability, with topics spanning from the physics of phase change, physics of nucleation, mesoscale modeling, analysis of phenomena such drop evaporation, boiling, local heat flux at triple line, Leidenfrost, dropwise condensation, heat transfer enhancement, freezing, icing.

All the topics are treated by discussing experimental results, mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. In particular, the numerical methods look at direct numerical simulations in the framework of VOF simulations, phase-field simulations and molecular dynamics. An introduction to equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of phase change, wetting phenomena, liquid interfaces, numerical simulation of wetting phenomena and phase change is offered for readers who are less familiar in the field.

This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, engineers, and postgraduate students working in the area of thermofluids, thermal management, and surface technology.

Author(s): Marco Marengo, Joel De Coninck
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021

Language: English
Pages: 351
City: Cham

Introduction
Contents
1 Introduction
References
2 An Introduction to Wettability and Wetting Phenomena
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Equilibrium
2.3 Pinning/Depinning
2.4 Dynamics of Wetting
2.5 Applications
2.6 Phases Changes and Wetting
References
3 Heat Transfer Enhancement During Dropwise Condensation Over Wettability-Controlled Surfaces
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Surface Coatings
3.1.2 Effects of Saturation Pressure, Heat Flux, and Non-condensable Gases
3.1.3 Vapor Velocity
3.1.4 Superhydrophobic Surfaces
3.1.5 Low Surface Tension Fluids
3.2 Measuring Heat Transfer Coefficients During DWC
3.2.1 Main Measuring Techniques
3.2.2 Measurements in Presence of Vapor Velocity
3.3 Droplet Population
3.3.1 Models for Drop Size Distribution
3.3.2 Measurement of Drop Size Distribution
3.4 Heat Transfer Models for DWC with Quiescent Vapor
3.4.1 Le Fevre and Rose (1966) Model
3.4.2 Kim and Kim (2011) Model
3.4.3 Miljkovic et al. (2013) Model
3.4.4 Chavan et al. (2016) Model
3.5 Effect of Vapor Velocity on DWC Heat Transfer Coefficient
3.5.1 Description of the Model by Tancon et al. (2021)
3.5.2 Comparison Against Experimental Data
3.6 Effect of Main Parameters on the Heat Transfer Coefficient
3.6.1 Temperature Drops and Cumulative Normalized Heat Flux Distribution
3.6.2 Predicted Effect of Contact Angle Hysteresis, Coating Thermal Resistance, Heat Flux and Vapor Velocity on the Heat Transfer Coefficient
3.7 Conclusions
References
4 About Phenomenology and Modeling of Dropwise Condensation
4.1 Dropwise Condensation: An Effective Way to Transfer Heat
4.1.1 The Drop's Lifecycle
4.1.2 Drops Population Models
4.2 Drop-Size Distribution According to Individual-Based and Population-Based Models
4.3 Heat Transfer
4.3.1 Heat Flux Distribution According to Drop-size
4.3.2 Parametric Analysis
4.4 Conclusion
References
5 Spreading, Wetting and Drying of Human Blood
5.1 Human Blood Properties
5.1.1 Spreading, Wetting and Evaporation of Human Blood Drops
5.1.2 Drying of Human Blood Drops
5.1.3 Stages of Human Blood Pool Spreading, Wetting and Drying
5.1.4 Drying of Human Blood Pools
5.2 Conclusion
References
6 Evaporation Effect on the Contact Angle and Contact Line Dynamics
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 How Evaporation Can Modify the Wetting Conditions?
6.1.2 Relevant Microscopic Phenomena
6.1.3 Liquid Flow in the Wedge
6.1.4 Boundary Conditions
6.2 Evaporation into Pure Vapor
6.2.1 Fourth Boundary Condition
6.2.2 Asymptotic Analysis for Immobile Contact Line
6.2.3 Parametric Study of the Apparent Contact Angle
6.2.4 Simultaneous Contact Line Motion and Evaporation
6.2.5 Comparison with Experimental Data
6.3 Diffusion-Controlled Evaporation
6.3.1 Problem Statement
6.3.2 Kelvin Effect and Dimensionless Formulation
6.3.3 Weak Evaporation Approximation
6.3.4 Impact of the Thickness of Diffusion Boundary Layer
6.3.5 Apparent Contact Angle
6.4 Conclusions
References
7 Leidenfrost Effect and Surface Wettability
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Leidenfrost Drop Dynamics
7.3 Factors Affecting Leidenfrost Temperature
7.4 Applications
7.5 Summary
References
8 On the Development of Icephobic Surfaces: Bridging Experiments and Simulations
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Atmospheric Icing
8.1.2 From Traditional Methods to Surface Strategies Against Icing
8.1.3 Existing Literature and the Goal of This Chapter
8.2 Nucleation Physics: Key Concepts
8.2.1 Classical Nucleation Theory
8.3 Latest Advances on Surface Strategies Against Icing
8.3.1 Ice Adhesion
8.3.2 Icephobic Surfaces
8.3.3 Experimental Testing for Anti-Icing Surfaces
8.4 Numerical Simulations: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Experiments
8.4.1 State-of-The-Art in Numerical Modelling
8.4.2 Continuum Modeling: Achievements, Strengths, and Limitations
8.4.3 Molecular Modeling: Achievements, Strengths, and Limitations
8.4.4 Summary
8.5 Conclusions and Perspective on Future Research
References
9 A Mesoscale Modeling of Wetting: Theory and Numerical Simulations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Diffuse Interface Model for Multiphase Systems
9.3 Application to the Simulation of Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation in Pool Boiling Conditions
9.4 Conclusions
References
10 Molecular Dynamics Simulations for the Design of Engineering Processes
10.1 MD Description
10.1.1 Newton Equation and Integration Scheme
10.1.2 Interaction Potentials
10.1.3 Liquid Characterization
10.2 Hydrodynamic Assist in Forced Wetting
10.2.1 Spontaneous Spreading
10.2.2 Forced Wetting
10.3 Drop Pinning on an Incline
10.3.1 MD and Pinning
10.4 Concluding Remarks
References
11 Multi-scale Multiphase Flow Gas–Liquid–Solid Interfacial Equation Based on Thermodynamic and Mathematical Approach
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Gas–Liquid Interfacial Model
11.2.1 Interfacial Interaction on the Basis of Conventional Approach
11.2.2 Development of Interfacial Model for Interfacial Interaction
11.3 Gas–Liquid–Solid Interfacial Model
11.3.1 Existing Models for Wetting Phenomena
11.3.2 Multi-scale Model for Gas–Liquid–Solid Interface
11.4 Summary
References