The Structure of Intonational Meaning: Evidence from English

Cover
Contents
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I. General Introduction and Review of Past Work
1. Segmentation and the Taxonomy of Intonation
2. The Two Major Traditions of Analysis
a. ‘American’: Trager and Smith
b. ‘British’: Kingdon
3. Sentence Stress
4. Intonation
a. Levels vs. Configurations
b. The Intonational Lexicon
c. Tunes vs. Tones
d. Accent Analyses
5. Stress
a. Criticisms of Traditional Stress
b. The Criticisms Coopted
c. Stress as a Rhythmic Phenomenon
6. Summary and Implications
II. Evidence for the Rhythmic Nature of Prominence
1. Rhythmic Cues in the Accent Analyses
a. Explicit Use of Length Cues
b. Implicit Use of Rhythmic Cues
2. Experimental Evidence for the Rhythm Hypothesis
3. Difficulties with Sentence Stress in the Accent Analyses
III. The Phonology of Deaccenting
1. The Concept of Relations
2. The Relational Nature of Deaccenting
3. Pretonic Accent and Deaccenting
IV. The Grammar of Accent Placement
1. Syntactic vs. Semantic Approaches
2. ‘Normal Stress’ and Focus
a. A Characterization of Normal Stress
b. Syntax of Focus
c. ‘Contrastive Stress’
d. Summary
3. Default Accent
4. Degrees of Accentability
a. Compounds
b. Bolinger’s ‘Contrastive Stress’
c. Deaccenting
d. The Accentability of Nouns
5. Semantics of Deaccenting
6. Summary
V. Paralanguage and Gradience
1. The Problem
2. Contrast vs. Paralanguage: Three Approaches
a. Trager-Smith
b. Lieberman
c. Bolinger and Crystal
3. Gradience
4. The Investigator’s Task
VI. Around the Edge of Language?
1. Central vs. Peripheral
2. The Expression of Speaker’s Attitude
3. Intonation and Emotion
a. Three Experiments
b. Critique
4. Instrumental Phonetics and Intonation
5. A Phonological Analogy
VII. Intonation and Grammar
1. The Role of Intonation: Two Approaches
2. The Intonational Lexicon
3. Preliminaries to the Analysis of Fall-Rise
a. Two Approaches to the Problem
b. Taxonomy of Falling-Rising Contours
4. A Semantic Analysis of Fall-Rise
a. Fall-Rise in Single-Nucleus Sentences
b. Fall-Rise in Double-Nucleus Sentences
c. Fall-Rise and Scope of Negation
d. Conclusion
5. Intonation and Phrasing
a. Pitch Contours and Boundaries in American Work
b. Boundary Phenomena as Relational
c. Phrasing and the Grammatical-Affective Distinction
VII. Stylized Tones and the Phonology of Intonation
1. The Calling Contour
2. Stylized Fall
3. Stylized Rises
a. Low-Rise
b. High-Rise
c. Some Implications of the Analysis of Stylized Rises
4. The Phonology of Intonation
a. Levels vs. Configurations: A Review of the Debate
b. Stylized Intonation and the Pitch-Level Analyses
c. Possible Objections to a Contour Analysis
IX. Intonation and Phonesthesia
X. Conclusion
NOTES
1. General Introduction and Review of Past Work
2. Evidence for the Rhythmic Nature of Prominence
3. The Phonology of Deaccenting
4. The Grammar of Accent Placement
5. Paralanguage and Gradience
6. Around the Edge of Language?
7. Intonation and Grammar
8. Stylized Tones and the Phonology of Intonation
9. Intonation and Phonesthesia
REFERENCES
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