This book addresses the nexus between science and migration and examines how the two are inextricably intertwined. The Science of Climate Migration primarily addresses the science of global climate change and additionally examines how this change is more than a region being too hot, too cold, too dry, too wet, or too windy; rather it is also about heightened military tensions, political instability, and myriad other factors. History has shown that this change is felt most acutely in developing countries that are least equipped to adapt. This inability to adapt is considered to be a driver that motivates local residents to find “greener pastures” through migration. Further, the book discusses the increasing need for the implementation and utilization of non-polluting renewables for use in energy production as a means to stave off environmental crises.
Features
- Examines how and why climate change effects and human migration are inextricably intertwined.
- Discusses the increasing need for the implementation of non-polluting renewables for use in energy production as a means to stave off environmental crises.
- Explains how wildlife is also sensitive to shifts in climate and how this in turn affects their migration as well.
Author(s): Frank R. Spellman
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 259
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
About the Author
Preface
Prologue: Too Many for Too Little
Chapter 1 Setting the Stage
Introduction
Note to the Reader
The Historical Past
A Time of Ice
Warm Winter
The Heavy Hand of Humans
Global Warming (a.k.a. Climate Change)
Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
Factors Involved with Global Warming/Cooling
How Is Climate Change Measured?
Acid Precipitation
Photochemical Smog
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ozone: The Jekyll and Hyde of Chemicals
Climate Change Migration
The Bottom Line
Notes
References
Chapter 2 Water’s Impact on Migration
The Well Is Dry
Still Water
Opening the Flood Gate
Historical Perspective
Water Can Be a Double-Edged Sword
Note
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 3 When the Fields Blow in the Wind
Black Blizzards
Black Sunday, April 14, 1935
The Great Plains Committee
The Bottom Line
References
Chapter 4 When Opportunity Vanishes
No Water, No Food, No Job . . . No Nothing!
Chapter 5 When Disease Is a Passenger
Climate Change Increasing Risks of Disease
Vectorborne Disease
Tick and Mosquito Bites
Contact with Animal Migrants
Fungi
Water
The Bottom Line on Migration and Infectious Disease
References
Chapter 6 When the Seas Rise
Major Physical Effects of Sea Level Rise
Major Direct Human Effects of Sea Level Rise
Global Warming and Sea Level Rise
Response Scenario to Other General Questions 6.1—Global Climate Change
When the Ice Melts
The Doomsday Glacier
Polar Bears and Climate Change
References
Chapter 7 When the Forest Turns to Ash
Wildfires!
Climate Change Indicator and Migration Driver: Wildfires
Climate Change–Driven Migration—Complex and Controversial
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 8 When the Mountains Lift
Hell on Earth
And the Streams Will Tell
Transformation: Mountain to Sediment
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Notes
References
Chapter 9 When the Land Subsides
Introduction
Soil
Soil: What Is It?
Definitions of Key Terms
Definitions
All about Soil
Functions of Soil
Soils: Recyclers of Raw Materials
Soil: Habitat for Soil Organisms
Soil: An Engineering Medium
Soil Basics
Note to Readers
The Water Cycle (Hydrologic Cycle)
Soil Water
Solution and Subsidence
Salt
Gypsum
Carbonate Rocks
Subsurface Mechanical Erosion in Subsidence
Lateral Flow and Subsidence
Subsidence by Compaction
Note
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 10 Relative Sea Level Rise
A Worrisome, Watery Future
New Estimates of Sea-Level Rise Should Sharpen Focus on the Crisis Facing Hampton Roads
Key Terms
Key Terms and Definitions
Groundwater Withdrawal and Subsidence
Note to Readers
Effective Stress
Preconsolidation Stress
Aquitard Role in Compaction
The Vanishing of Hampton Roads
Note to Readers
Location of Chesapeake Bay
River Diversion
Ground Instability Due to Faulting
Disruption of Coastal Aquifers
Land Subsidence
Hampton Roads: Sea Level Rise
Land Subsidence Increases Flooding Risk
Wetland and Coastal Marsh Ecosystems
Land Subsidence Can Damage Infrastructure
Gauging Subsidence
Borehole Extensometers
Tidal Stations
Geodetic Survey
InSAR
Importance of Land Subsidence Monitoring
Monitoring Methods
Borehole Extensometers—Ongoing Monitoring (2016–2022)
Geodetic Surveying—Ongoing Monitoring (2016–2022)
Tidal Stations—Ongoing Monitoring (2016–2022)
Remote Sensing—Ongoing Monitoring (2016–2022)
Hampton Roads Sanitation District
Swift: The Process
Problem
Note to Reader
Swift: The Process
Swift Unit Process Description
The Ultimate Bottom Line
Notes
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 11 When Land Fractures
Introduction
What Causes Earthquakes?
Seismology
Seismic Waves
Earthquake Magnitude and Intensity
Earthquake Magnitude
Earthquake Intensity
Internal Structure of Earth
Plate Tectonics
Crustal Plates
Plate Boundaries
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 12 Climate Change and the Hispanic Paradox
To This Point
Setting the Stage
The Endangered Atmosphere: Climatic Change
Time: 10,312 BCE
Introduction
First Edge of the Sword
Cancer
Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke
Foodborne Diseases and Nutrition
Heat-Related Morbidity and Mortality
Human Developmental Effects
Mental Health and Stress-Related Disorders
Neurological Diseases and Disorders
Vectorborne and Zoonotic Diseases
Waterborne Diseases
Pathogens of Primary Concern
Recent Waterborne Disease Outbreaks
Escherichia coli
Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium
Legionella pneumophila
Mechanism of Pathogen Inactivation
The Climate Change Association
Weather-Related Morbidity and Mortality
The Second Edge of the Sword
Notes
References
Suggested Readings
Glossary
Index
