The Science and Technology of an American Genius

CONTENTS......Page 8
CHAPTER I: Stan Ovshinsky......Page 14
CHAPTER II: New Science......Page 18
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 20
II. CHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 21
III. THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS......Page 23
IV. CHEMISTRY AS A DESIGN TOOL......Page 24
VII. MATERIALS SYNTHESIS FOR DEVICE APPLICATIONS......Page 26
VIII. CHEMICAL MODIFICATION......Page 31
IX. CONCLUSION......Page 34
REFERENCES......Page 35
Amorphous Materials, Past, Present and Future, S.R. Ovshinsky, J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 73 (1985) pp 395-408.......Page 40
References......Page 45
INTRODUCTION......Page 46
ENERGY GENERATION -PHOTO VOL TAleS......Page 48
ENERGY STORAGE - NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES......Page 51
INFORMATION......Page 54
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 57
REFERENCES......Page 58
Selected Publications......Page 60
CHAPTER III: Phase Change Memory......Page 64
2. Phase change technology......Page 67
3. High speed materials......Page 68
References......Page 70
EXPERIMENTAL......Page 71
RESULTS......Page 72
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION......Page 75
REFERENCE......Page 76
Ovonic Phase Change Memory Making Possible New Optical and Electrical Devices, S.R. Ovshinsky, 9th Symposium on Phase Change Recording, Japan, (1997) pp 44-49.......Page 77
References......Page 82
18.2.1 Pbase-Cbange Optical Memory Pbenomena......Page 83
18.2.3 Phase-Change Overwriting Method......Page 84
18.3.2 Phase-Change Optical Disk Materials for Optical Disk Memory......Page 86
18.4.2 Million Overwrite Cycle Phase Change Optical Disk [6]......Page 89
18.5 Thin Substrate Technology of Phase Change Optical Disk Promotes DVD......Page 91
18.6.2 Dual-Layer Recording......Page 92
18.6.4 Near-Field Recording and Super-RENS Recording......Page 93
18.6.6 Combination Technology......Page 94
18.7.1 Ultra Short Pulse (Femtosecond) Laser Recording......Page 95
Acknowledgments......Page 96
References......Page 97
2. Electrical and Optical Memory......Page 100
5. Cognitive Functionality......Page 101
7. Multifunctional Operation......Page 103
Acknowledgements......Page 104
INTRODUCTION......Page 105
A NEW COMPUTING PARADIGM......Page 107
HOW DOES THE OVONIC COGNITIVE DEVICE WORK?......Page 109
APPLICA TIONS OF THE OVONIC COGNITIVE DEVICE......Page 112
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 115
REFERENCES......Page 116
1. DISCUSSION......Page 117
REFERENCES......Page 122
Selected Publications and Patents......Page 123
CHAPTER IV: Conversion of Solar Energy - Photovoltaics......Page 130
MANUFACTURING PROCESS......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 135
UNITED SOLAR'S SHINGLE MODULE......Page 136
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......Page 137
REFERENCES......Page 138
1. Introduction......Page 140
3. Influence of local chemical configurations......Page 142
References......Page 145
EFFICIENCY CONSIDERATIONS......Page 147
MANUFACTURING ISSUES......Page 152
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 156
REFERENCES......Page 157
PV MODULE AND ARRAY DESIGN......Page 158
INSTALLATION DESIGN......Page 159
DEMONSTRATION PROJECT......Page 160
REFERENCES......Page 161
Effect of Hydrogen Dilution on the Structure of Amorphous Silicon Alloys OV. Tsu, B.S. Chao, S.R. Ovshinsky, S. Guha, and J.Yang, Appl. Phys. Lett., 71 (1997) pp 1317-1319.......Page 162
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 165
A. High-resolution......Page 166
B. Raman spectra......Page 168
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 169
B. Quantification by Gaussian deconvolution......Page 171
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 173
5 Diagnostic Systems for the Roll-ToRoll Machines......Page 174
7 References......Page 175
Selected Publications and Patents......Page 176
CHAPTER V: Batteries......Page 182
INTRODUCTION......Page 185
CYCLE LIFE......Page 186
Fast Charge to Temperature......Page 187
Fast Charge to Time......Page 188
Three Hour Charge......Page 189
Failure Mode......Page 190
INTERNAL RESISTANCE AND RATE CAPABILITY......Page 191
CHARGR RETENTION......Page 192
COMMERCIAL PROGRESS......Page 194
ELECTRIC VEHICLES......Page 196
REFERENCES......Page 198
INTRODUCTION......Page 200
DISClJSSION......Page 201
CONCLUSIONS......Page 212
REFERENCES......Page 213
A Nickel Metal Hydride Battery for Electric Vehicles, S. R Ovshinsky, M.A. Fetcenko and J. Ross, Science 260 (1993) pp 176-181.......Page 227
Material Requirements......Page 228
Chemical and Structural Disorder in Engineered Materials......Page 229
Status of the Ovonic Battery......Page 230
Technology Improvements......Page 231
Conclusion......Page 232
Disordered Materials in Consumer and Electric Vehicle Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries, S.R Ovshinsky, M.A. Fetcenko, S. Venkatesan and B. Chao, Electrochemical Soc. Proc. 94-21 (1994) pp 344-362.......Page 233
1. Introduction......Page 252
3. Metal hydride alloy development......Page 253
5. Cell development - portable batteries......Page 254
6. Cell and battery development - electric vehicles......Page 255
References......Page 258
Nickel-Metal Hydride: Ready to Serve, R C. Stempel, S.R Ovshinsky, P.R Gifford and D.A. Corrigan, IEEE Spectrum, 35 (1998) pp 29-34.......Page 259
What the demands are......Page 260
Construction and manufacture......Page 261
On the road......Page 262
Hybrid electric vehicle batteries......Page 263
About the authors......Page 264
1 Experimental......Page 265
2.2 Alloy and battery performance......Page 266
2.3 MH suiface oxide and catalysis......Page 267
References......Page 269
Selected Publications and Patents......Page 271
CHAPTER VI: Hydrogen Storage, Fuel Cells and the Hydrogen Energy Loop......Page 276
Introduction......Page 279
Results......Page 280
References......Page 284
PROJECT ACTIVITIES......Page 285
TEST RESULTS......Page 292
REFERENCES......Page 296
BACKGROUND......Page 298
SOLID HYDROGEN STORAGE......Page 299
TOHS METAL HYDRIDE ONBOARD SYSTEM......Page 301
FROM LASORA TORY TO REAL WORLD......Page 305
CONCLUSION......Page 307
CONTACT......Page 308
PERSPECTIVE......Page 309
HYDRIDES......Page 311
MAKING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY REALISTIC......Page 312
INFRASTRUCTURE......Page 313
PHOTOVOLTAICS......Page 317
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 319
REFERENCES......Page 320
1. Introduction......Page 321
3. Metal Hydride Fuel Cells......Page 322
5. Instant Start......Page 323
6. Power Performance......Page 324
7. Low Temperature Performance......Page 325
9. Cost and Manufacturability......Page 326
11. References......Page 328
Selected Publications and Patents......Page 329
CHAPTER VII: Superconductivity......Page 332
Superconductivity at 155 K, S. R. Ovshinsky, R.T. Young, D.O. Allred, G. DeMaggio and G.A. Van der Leeden, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 (1987) pp 2579-2581.......Page 334
Introduction......Page 337
Proposed structural chemical model......Page 338
References......Page 349
2. Discussion......Page 351
References......Page 352
High Quality Epitaxial YBCO (F) Films Directly Deposited on Sapphire R.T. Young, K.H. Young, M.D. Muller, S.R. Ovshinsky, J.D. Budai, C.W. White and J.S. Martens, Physica C 200 (1992) pp 437-441 .......Page 353
References......Page 357
INTRODUCTION......Page 358
THE PAIRING MODEL......Page 359
COHERENT TUNNELING OF REAL-SPACE BOSONS......Page 360
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 361
REFERENCES......Page 362
Selected Publications and Patents......Page 363
CHAPTER VIII: Other Topics of Interest......Page 366
Comment on 'Vacuum Catastrophe: An Elementary Exposition of the Cosmological Constant Problem' by Ronald J. Adler, Brendan Casey, and Ovid C. Jacob [Am. J. Phys. 63 (7), 620-626 (1995)], S.R. Ovshinsky and H. Fritzsche, Am. J. Phys. 65 (1997) pp 927.......Page 367
Mott's Room, S.R. Ovshinsky, in Nevill Mott- Reminiscences and Appreciations, Ed. E.A. Davis (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1998) pp 282-285......Page 368
Creativity and Intuition: A Physicists Looks at East and West by Hideki Yukawa, Book Review by S.R. Ovshinsky, Disordered Materials: Science and Technology, D. Adler, B.B. Schwartz and Marvin Silver, eds. Plenum Press, (1991) pp 384-385.......Page 372
A Nation of Fliers: German Aviation and the Popular Imagination, by Peter Fritzsche, Book Review by S.R. Ovshinsky, Dissent Summer (1993) pp 394.......Page 374
The Road to Decarbonized Energy: Speeding Towards a Hydrogen Economy - and the Obstacles along the Way, Book Review by S.R. Ovshinsky, Nature 406 (2000) pp 457-458.......Page 377
Technology's Tortoise and Hare: The Sociological Dynamics Are Now Right for the Electric Car to Eclipse Its Rival, Book Review by S.R. Ovshinsky, Nature 408 (2000) pp 289-290.......Page 379
I. Background......Page 381
II. Gas Phase Reaction......Page 385
III. Microwave Plasma Treatment......Page 387
I V. Summary......Page 391
REFERENCES......Page 392