The Routledge Handbook to the Political Economy and Governance of the Americas

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Academic Advisory Board
Acknowledgments
General Introduction
Inter-American key topics on political economy, geopolitics,
and governance
Historical thresholds in Inter-American entanglements
Works Cited
PART I: Political Economy in the Americas
1. Introduction: Political Economy in the Americas
Inter-American approaches as a new lens within political economy
Economic structures and capitalist dynamics beyond borders
Overcoming methodological nationalism and Eurocentrism
A political economy perspective – from a Marxist approach to
a diverse field of study
Decentering and engendering political economy
The kind of concepts analyzed
Works cited
2. Capitalism
The origins of capitalism
Capitalism and slavery
Final discussion
Works cited
3. Class Struggle
The first popular struggles in the Americas
Class struggle in the era of globalized capital
Conclusion
Works cited
4. Crisis
Marx’s theory of economic crisis
Financial crises
Political crises
From the Great Depression to the crisis of Fordism
The rise of neoliberalism as a crisis response
From the ISI model to neoliberal restructuring in Latin America
The global financial crisis of 2007–2008 in the Americas
Works cited
5. Deindustrialization
Deindustrialization and the Global North
Deindustrialization as global history?
Works cited
6. Development
Post-war development disputes in Inter-American relations
Development as modernization
Development as dependency
Structural adjustment instead of development: a Washington-based
consensus for Latin America
Contemporary developments in development thinking:
innovations from the South
Works cited
7. Energy
The concept of energy and its origins from the perspective of
political ecology
Energy consumption and energy mix in the Americas
Entangled unequal histories of energy flows:
reconfigurations and struggles
Transforming the dominant global energy regime?
Works cited
8. Environmental Justice
The emergence of the environmental justice movement
Related forms of justice
Inter-American connections between environmental
justice debates and struggles
Transnational networks of a global environmental justice movement?
Conclusion
Works cited
9. Extractivism
The concept of extractivism and the Latin-American debate
The Inter-American discussion
Conclusion
Works cited
10. Fordism
Origins of Fordism
Fordism and Americanism: the Northern – U.S.-centered perspective
Peripheral Fordism in the south of the Americas
Concluding remarks
Works cited
11. Gender and Work
Conceptual framework
Labor force participation by gender
Gender, race, age and nationality wage gaps
Where do women and men work? Segregation of the
labor force by gender and race
Unemployment
Sexual harassment
Migration
Conclusions
Works cited
12. Global Commodity Chains
Transforming and debating concepts
Global value chain analyses in the Americas
Case studies on GVCs in the Americas
Conclusion
Works cited
13. Informality
Uneven capitalist development and urban poverty: the
emergence of informality
From unemployment and underemployment to informality:
definitions and policy prescriptions
From theoretical debate to statistical measurement
The informal economy in the Americas
Conclusion
Works cited
14. Labor Representation
The institutionalization of trade unions and labor rights
Unionism in the Americas in a global economy
Works cited
15. Land
Appropriation and access to land as a key dimension
in political economy
Colonial and anticolonial struggles over land: the dispossession of
indigenous communities from their land and the long way to establish
their land rights
The struggle for agrarian reforms in the 20th and 21st century
and the gender asset land gap
Land grabbing and current territorial struggles
Works cited
16. Neoliberalism
History of the concept
Evolutions of neoliberalism
Transformations of neoliberalism with an eye to the Americas
Conclusion
Works cited
17. Privatization
The rationale of privatization – and its discontents
Privatization in the Americas
The oil industry: the last frontier of economic sovereignty?
Conclusion
Works cited
18. Regional Integration
Regional integration after World War II
Neoliberalism and open regionalism
Divergent approaches after the left turn
Perspectives
Works cited
19. Remittances
The “optimists”: remittances as a tool of bottom-up
development finance
“Critical” perspectives: do remittances sustain old and create
new dependencies?
Conclusion: conceptual and methodological challenges
in research on remittances
Works cited
20. Social Inequality
Economic development and social inequality: from late
19th century to the Great Depression
Leveling social inequality? – industrialization processes and new deals
The neoliberal turn and rising inequalities
Great recession, pink tide, and social polarization
Conclusion
Works cited
21. State Transformation
State transformation in the Americas
Outlook
Works cited
22. Taxation
The roles of taxation
Taxation in the Americas
Works cited
23. Transnational Corporations
Historical backdrop, evolution of the term and
efforts at regulation and control
Theoretical debates and evolution
Shifting empirical terrain of TNCs with globalization and
neoliberalism/economic opening
Conclusion
Works cited
PART II: Geopolitics and Governance in the Americas
24. Introduction: Geopolitics and Governance – Inter-American Spaces of Entanglement
The global sphere of Inter-American entanglements
The national sphere of Inter-American entanglements
The biosphere of Inter-American entanglements
Works cited
25. Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism: a common historical frame for an
Inter-American discussion
Comparison: analysis of authoritarianism in different,
separated contexts
Traveling concepts and entangled authoritarianisms
Final discussion
Works cited
26. Borderlands
The history of borderland research
Approaches to define borderland(s)
Conclusion
Works cited
27. Citizenship
Citizenship: nation-state perspectives
Citizenship: global perspectives
Coloniality of citizenship
Citizenship: from institution to act
Concluding remarks
Works cited
28. Civil Society
Intellectual origins of civil society – north and south
Evolution of civil society in Latin America
Civil society in the North America
Conclusions: Civil society dialogues across the Americas
Works cited
29. Clientelism
Comparisons of clientelism
Transferring meaning
Entanglement
Final discussion
Works Cited
30. Climate Change
International climate change governance
Climate change governance and the Americas
Entangled through climate change
Works cited
31. Commons
The commons in the western law and economic tradition
The commons from indigenous and Afro-descendants
perspectives in the Americas
Final discussion: From “shared resources” to “shared territories”
Works cited
32. Democracy
Democracy in Latin America
Democracy in Inter-American relations
Conclusion
Works cited
33. Disaster
“Disaster” – A brief conceptual history
Early modern comparison: indigenous “superstition”
vs. colonial “science”?
Modern differences and similarities, transfers, and entanglements
Conclusion
Works cited
34. Geopolitics
New approaches: critical and radical geopolitics
Geopolitics from the colonial conquest to the Cold War
Contemporary geopolitical developments and debates in the Americas
The importance of geopolitics as an analytical category
Works cited
35. Human Rights
Processes and mechanisms of human rights protection
International law and human rights protection
Intricacies of transnational human rights protection
Final discussion: what lies ahead for the protection of human rights
in the Americas?
Works cited
36. Interventionism
Territorial expansion of the U.S. and Canada
Territorial expansion into South America
Justification: concepts and doctrines
Interventionism in the early 20th century
Justification: concepts and doctrines
Works cited
37. Military
Is the U.S. an episodic hegemon?
A declining hegemon?
Military educational ties: Evidence of U.S. hegemony or decline?
Conclusion
Works cited
38. Nation State
Welfare states
Revolution vs. reform vs. repression: the Cold War era
The neoliberal nation-state
From “pink tide” and “change” to the right-wing backlash
Works cited
39. Nature
Etymological considerations and history of the concept within the
geopolitics of knowledge
Epistemological questions about “nature” and arguments for its
domination and protection
Continued Columbian exchange, coloniality, and pristine myths
Transnational appropriations of resources
Transnational dynamics of conservation
Nature strikes back – “natural” disasters and climate change
within the Anthropocene
Discussion: Decolonizing nature?
Works cited
40. Pan-Americanism
Early conceptions of Pan-Americanism
Pan-Americanism and U.S. economic imperialism
Subsiding Pan-Americanism
Increasing U.S. military and economic interventionism
Works cited
41. Participation
The participatory democracy agenda
National experiences: political context, decentralization,
and public policies
Closing remarks
Works cited
42. Political Communication
Inter-American discussion and critical reflections
Etymological considerations
Final discussion
Works cited
43. Populism
Populism in the Americas
Populism as a political logic
Works cited
44. Revolution
Of popular fronts and foquismo
The subject of revolution and development
Works cited
45. Security
Transfer of knowledge on public security
Entanglement of Inter-American security: Maras and terrorism
Final words
Works cited
Index