The Routledge Handbook of Transatlantic Relations

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Figures
Tables
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Introduction
A landmark relationship
A history of failing to cooperate and disputes
Framing shifts in the landmark relationship
Framing actors and institutions in EU-US relations
State of the art problems
Overview of the main fields and themes considered
References
Section I: EU and US Intra-Organisations Relations
1. Connecting the US Congress and the European Parliament: The Work and Role of the EP Liaison Office in Washington DC
A house in Washington
EPLO and developing parliamentary connection: 'A bridge between two houses'
Outlook
Notes
References
2. EU-US Relations in a Changing World
Note
References
3. Negotiating with the European Union - A U.S. Perspective
Introduction
Who negotiates - EU or member states?
EU-US extradition and mutual legal assistance agreements
Preventing and combating serious crime agreements
CLOUD Act agreements
Who negotiates for the EU - commission or council?
Passenger name record agreement
Approval issues
Role of the European Parliament
Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Conclusion
Notes
References
4. Transatlantic Parliamentary Cooperation at Fifty
Introduction
The European Parliament's growing parliamentary diplomacy engagement
Institutionalisation and political practice of EU-US parliamentary relations
Institutionalisation
Political practice
Parliamentary diplomacy in action: Russian invasion of Ukraine
Concluding remarks
Notes
References
5. The Rise of Informal International Organizations
Introduction
Informal IOs in the Transatlantic area
Why informality? Theorizing problems, power, and politics
Analyzing the drivers of informality
Conclusion
Note
References
6. The Revival of Transatlantic Partnership? EU-US Coordination in Sanctions Policy
Introduction
In love with sanctions: EU and US approaches to sanctions
The framework for transatlantic sanctions coordination
Between convergence and divergence: The practice of sanctions coordination in relation to Iran and Russia
US' secondary sanctions and the EU's strategic autonomy: a challenge for the Transatlantic Partnership
Conclusion
Note
References
7. The EU and US Global Human Rights Sanction Regimes: Useful Complementary Instruments to Advance Protection of Universal Values? A Legal Appraisal
Introduction
The scope of the EU and US sanctions regimes and the major differences between them
The application of the Global Magnitsky programmes and the EUGHRSR in practice and contestations over them
The contribution of the EUGHRSR and GMA to the protection of human rights: concluding remarks
Notes
References
8. NATO and Transatlantic Security Relations
Introduction
The Cold War phase
The post-Cold War phase
The post-9/11 phase
The post-2014 phase
The Trump administration
The Biden administration
Conclusion
References
Section II: Trade, Investment and Cooperation in Transatlantic Relations
9. Transatlantic Economic and Legal Disintegration? Between Anglo-Saxon Neo-Liberal Nationalism, Authoritarian State-Capitalism and Europe's Ordo-Liberal Multilevel Constitutionalism
Overview
From the 'old' to a 'new' Washington consensus?
The multilevel constitutional 'Brussels consensus'
Anglo-Saxon process-based constitutional nationalism
Authoritarian and state-capitalist regulation
Increasing geopolitical rivalries and regulatory competition
Disintegration of multilevel UN and WTO governance?
Disintegration of transatlantic leadership?
Knowledge problems and constitutional problems of market regulation
Notes
References
10. Reverberations of the CJEU Achmea B.V. Decision in the Transatlantic Space
Introduction
The Achmea decision and subsequent developments in the European Union
The involvement of US courts
Achmea-related arguments before US courts
Decisions by US courts
Comparison with non-EU national courts
Reverberations in the transatlantic space - issues raised or to be expected
Conclusion
Notes
References
11. Executive Accountability in Unilateral Trade Policy: A Transatlantic Perspective
Introduction
Unilateral trade measures in the United States: Taming the imperial presidency
The imperial presidency in unilateral trade policy
Congressional checks on presidential power
Unilateral trade measures in the European Union: A fragmented yet increasingly powerful executive
A fragmented executive to engage in unilateral trade policy
Procedural checks on the European Commission
Conclusion
Notes
References
12. Transatlantic Energy Relations: A Brief History and a Tentative Outlook
Introduction
The divergence and convergence of EU-US energy realities
Attempt at a European shale revolution and the birth and expansion of the transatlantic gas trade
The war and the securitisation of EU energy policy
Outlook for transatlantic energy relations
Notes
References
13. Transatlantic Trade Relations: Domestic Obstacles and Strategic Opportunities
Domestic debates and trade policies
The United States
European Union
Opportunities for coordination and cooperation
Labour rights
Trade defences
WTO reform
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Notes
References
14. Taking Back Control: The Political Economy of Investment Screening in the US and EU
Introduction
History and development of screening mechanisms
The United States
European Union
FDI governance and restricting investment during crises
Transatlantic cooperation on investment screening
Conclusion
Notes
References
Section III: Norm Promotion Practices of the EU and US in the Digital Age
15. The Future of the EU-US Privacy Shield
Introduction
Why previous regimes were not seen as 'essentially equivalent' to EU data protection law: the safe harbour and Privacy Shield agreements fragilities
The Privacy Shield: still a soft law arrangement
The Privacy shield: subject to negative judicialisation
Post-Schrems II: a period of high uncertainties
No legal vacuum but a legal mess
Standard contractual clauses and binding corporate rules
Towards Privacy Shield 2.0: what could it include, and will it be enough?
Could the transatlantic privacy relationship be facilitated by US domestic changes?
Conclusion
Notes
References
16. The EU and US Transatlantic Agendas on Taxation
Introduction
The meaning of 'Fairness' in taxation
'Fairness' as an uncomfortable fit with both EU and US agendas on taxation?
The EU agenda
The US agenda
'Fairness' as a proxy for harmonisation?
Conclusion
Note
References
17. The "beneficial divergence" in the transatlantic approach to competition law enforcement towards platform and ecosystem competition
Introduction
Platforms and ecosystems: distinguishing different business structures
Platforms
Ecosystems
Platform and ecosystem as the dominant business model in the digital economy
The "digital" element of the economy: digitisation and the digital economy
"Digital" business and operating models
Digital business model
Digital operating model
Strategy, operations and competition
Emerging issues in platform competition: the 'beneficial divergence' between the EU and US case law
Google's Ad-based business model
Multi-market analysis of effects
Limiting innovation: 'Next Generation' digital markets
The interrelation between competition and privacy
Conclusions
Notes
References
18. Who Occupies the Transatlantic Data Privacy Space? Assessing the Evolving Dynamics, Underlying Reasons and the Way Forward
Introduction
Multifaceted, complex and evolving dynamics
The reasons underpinning the EU-US 'troubled' data protection relations
The legal issues
The political issues
Concluding remarks: the way forward for transatlantic relations
Notes
References
Section IV: The Political and Economic Character of Transatlantic Relations
19. The Transatlantic Regulatory Relationship: Limited Conflict, Less Competition and a New Approach to Cooperation
The (inadvertent) origins of limited regulatory conflict
The trials and tribulations of transatlantic regulatory cooperation
Approaches to international regulatory cooperation
The experience of transatlantic regulatory cooperation
Great power (regulatory) competition
Transatlantic regulatory competition: from inadvertent to non-existent
A new approach to transatlantic regulatory cooperation in competition with China
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
20. Bilateral, Trilateral or - Quadrilateral? The UK-US Trade Relations in a Global Context
Introduction
UK-US trade and investment relations
Factors that shape UK government's position of promoting the UK-US bilateral trade deal
Historical background
The Global Britain rhetoric and the US
Concerns on regulatory standards
International factors that constrain or impact the UK-US trade relations
The Bilateral dimension
The Trilateral dimension
Towards quadrilateral dimension?
Conclusion and future research implications
Notes
References
21. Anglo-American Power in the Wake of Brexit and America First: A Crisis at the Heart of the Liberal International Order
Introduction
Understanding the roots of the Anglosphere
The Anglosphere - its operational system of security, intelligence and policy networks
Anglosphere as an economic and financial force
Trumpist and global Britain attitudes
Gramscian-Kautskyian analysis versus dominant frameworks
Conclusion
Notes
References
22. The Measurement, Structure and Dynamics of the Transatlantic Current Account
General misconceptions on transatlantic trade
The transatlantic current account
The substitutability of exports and FDI
Do bilateral balances matter at all?
Are we sure about the data we use?
Transatlantic ups and downs in trade policy
Transatlantic protectionism is ongoing
The transatlantic technology council
G3 Trade - how interdependent are the major powers?
Notes
References
23. Asymmetry and Civil Society Backlash: Changing European Calculations in Trans-Atlantic Investment Relations from CETA to TTIP and Beyond
Overview
Politicization of investor-state dispute settlement proposals
Asymmetry in transatlantic economic relationships
Civil society resistance and proposed changes to ISDS
US resistance to the EU approach
Conclusion: Divergent paths on investment relations
Note
References
24. Transatlantic Relations in a Changing World
Introduction
Background
Framework: drivers and mechanisms
Still going strong?
EU-US relations in formal and informal institutions
Foreign and security relations
Concluding remarks
Note
References
Index