The Routledge Handbook of Intercultural Mediation

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Figures
Tables
Notes on contributors
Preface
Reference
Introduction: The interdisciplinary vision of intercultural mediation
A generic definition of intercultural mediation
Intercultural mediation in conflict and dispute resolution
Intercultural mediation vs. rationalistic negotiation research
The search for forms of mediation in other cultures
Cultural differences in disputing behavior
Intercultural mediation in research on interculturality
Intercultural mediation in translation research
Intercultural mediation in foreign language teaching
Intercultural mediation in cultural anthropology
Mediation—more than just a temporary craze in intercultural research?
A rapprochement of intercultural research and conflict research at the turn of the millennium
Shared insight: The importance of interpersonal recognition
Shared insight: New attention to the macro level
Shared insight: Slow down and reflect more when interacting
Shared insight: The potentials of re-framings and third spaces
Shared insights: The potentials of communicative re-phrasing and paraphrasing
Shared insights: Responsibility as a key
Emerging promises for reciprocal enhancement
Intercultural communication as a neoliberal project
Deductive vs. inductive conceptions of intercultural mediation
Intercultural mediation in the light of paradigm shifts in cultural theory
A ride through the handbook sections and how to understand their order
References
Part I: Professional intercultural dispute mediation
1. Culture and mediation: A 2020s perspective on early criticism of Western paradigms
Note
References
2. Cross-cultural disputes and mediator strategies
What is culture?
What is mediation culture?
What strategies, techniques, and tools for mediation are in intercultural settings?
Self-assessment
Case assessment
Preparation and ground rules
Mediator role(s)
Communication/facilitation
Bargaining/problem solving
Reaching agreements
Evaluation, feedback, and assessment
Critiques of the 'standard' mediation templates
References
3. De-essentializing notions of self and identity in mediation
Introduction
The contextual, negotiable self
Confessional framing in mediation
Revealing interests and needs
Conclusion and the perspective of intercultural mediation
Note
References
4. Cultural humility in intercultural mediation
Introduction
The problem of community mediation: The field remains culturally homogeneous
Barriers of preventing community mediation from being accessible for all
The limitations of the cultural competency approach
The potential of cultural humility in intercultural mediation
Community mediation centers' efforts to learn through cultural humility
Conclusion
References
5. Intercultural mediation training
Introduction
State of the art: Intercultural mediation training
Mediation skills
Intercultural competence and communication skills
Self-reflection and critical thinking skills
Systemic thinking skills
Intercultural mediation training methods
Conclusions and recommendations
References
6. Interculturality in Online Dispute Resolution (ODR)
Introduction
The advent of online dispute resolution
Cultural variations affecting communication within the mediation process
The impact of the fourth-party culture on intercultural communication
The fourth-party culture
The interface of the fourth-party culture with the mediator's and disputants' culture
Understand the features of the relevant ODR system
Be aware of individuals' likely response to the fourth party
Consider how cultural preferences may affect individuals' responses to the fourth party
Implications on mediation and ODR practice
The online mediator
The design of ODR systems
Conclusion
Note
References
7. Policing and intercultural mediation: Forms of triadic conflict management
Introduction
Policing
Police work
Police culture
Policing in multicultural societies
Police interacting with citizens in intercultural contexts
Intercultural conflicts between police and citizens
Triadic intercultural mediation between citizens and police
Prerequisites of intercultural mediation between citizens and police
Police officers with multicultural backgrounds
Community policing with an intercultural focus
Police complaint management in multicultural contexts
Conclusion
References
8. Putting culture into a perspective in intercultural mediation
Putting culture into a perspective in order to conceptualize intercultural mediation
Perspectivity? A fruitful response to the problem of action
Objects of observation
Interactions among all participants
Mediation process and mediators' actions
Working with four perspectives in intercultural mediation: The perspectives model
The perspective of the cultural knowledge of action of all mediation subjects
The perspective of communicative action of all mediation subjects
The perspective of the cultural constructions of all mediation subjects
The perspective of power disparities among all mediation subjects
References
Part II: Intercultural mediation in international politics
9. Interculturality in the concept of peace mediation
Introduction
Terms and concepts
Interculturality
Peace mediation
The role and relevance of interculturality in peace mediation
Different types of responses to intercultural issues in peace mediation
Interest based mediation: Tracing culture back to interests
Identity-based mediation: Bridging the non-negotiables
Hybrid, adaptive mediation: Balancing the differences
Agonistic dialogue: Abandoning the consensus
Conclusion: Existing building blocks and gaps to be filled
Note
References
10. Hybrid peace mediation in the age of pandemics
Introduction
International peace mediation
Effects of virtualizing meetings
Advantages of virtual diplomacy
Disadvantages of virtual diplomacy
Emerging virtual mediation strategies
The future is hybrid
Conclusion
References
11. The political dimensions of culture and religion in mediation
Introduction: Mediation across boundaries
Culture and religion as meaningful and meaning-making in conflict resolution
Politics, power, and empowerment
Interfaith and intrafaith engagement in mediation
Principles, processes, and biases
Principles
Processes
'Secular bias'
Conclusion
References
12. Third parties' involvement in contexts of political conflict and power imbalances
Global trends and third-party involvement in intricate contexts
Third party acts in the context of intergroup asymmetric political conflicts
Framing divided society, negotiation, and third-party intervention
Third-party actions in the context of Israel's asymmetric political conflict: An illustration
Conclusions: Insights and further queries
References
13. Seeing people in interactive peacemaking through a consciousness lens
Introduction to interactive peacemaking
A people-centered approach
Learning and knowledge in people-centered engagement
Consciousness in intercultural interactive peacemaking
People-centered approach: Towards further evolution of intercultural interactive peacemaking
References
14. The past is the past—or is it? Considering the role of the past in intercultural mediation
Introduction
What is the past? History, memory, individual, and collective remembrance
Differing cultural orientations to the past
Temporal orientation
Immediate vs. long-term relationship to time
Collective vs. individual impact
Addressing the past in mediation
Exploration
Differing histories
Acknowledgment
Apology
Conflict roles
Mediator orientation
Conclusion
References
15. The politics of intercultural space: Inclusive, unobtrusive, and failed mediation
Introduction: The agentive force of physical space
Collective memory in the architectonic text
Meta-cognition and unobtrusive 'pre-mediation' in the curatorial text
Failed mediation in the visitor text
Degrees of intervention in creating inclusive and intercultural social infrastructure
References
Part III: De-centering Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
16. Imagining a racially diverse and inclusive mediation field: Uncovering the structural hurdles
An overview: Racial diversity and inclusion matter
Pulling back the curtain on the mediation field
Volunteerism
Lack of career path and universal credentials
The high walls
Accessing the gatekeepers
Core values of mediation
Limited data
Domination of ADR field by legal profession
Boundaries
Impact of technology
Rethinking: What can be done to diversify the mediation field?
References
17. Intercultural mediation from a European perspective
Introduction
Conflict and mediation
Intercultural mediation
Intercultural mediation in Europe
Final thoughts
References
18. Islamic forms of intercultural mediation
Introduction
Intercultural mediation
The sources of Islamic mediation
Islam and culture
The traits of an intercultural mediator in Islam
Sincerity
Knowledge
Trustworthiness
Justice
Reliability
Wisdom
The behavior of an intercultural mediator in Islam
At-Ta'aruf
At-Ta'akhi
An-Nasīhah
Ar-Rifq
At-Tasamuh and Al-'Afw
Conclusion
References
19. Transforming conflict cultures through mediation
Introduction
What is culture, and how does it generate conflict?
How cultures assign meaning
Context, culture, and the attribution of meaning in conflict
25 ideas on culture and mediation
25 techniques for mediating cross-cultural conflicts
How to transform conflict cultures in mediation—two examples
Creating cultural maps in mediation
References
20. Indigenous conflict management strategies beyond the ADR paradigm
Introduction
ADR and its discontent
Some critical issues
Patterns of similarity within the different indigenous cultural communities
Creating the Third Force: Indigenous conflict management strategy
ADR and ODR: The differences
A call for paradigm shift
Conclusion
References
Part IV: De-essentializing culture in intercultural mediation
21. The discourse of thirdness in intercultural mediation
Introduction
Mediating third space
From third place to symbolic competence
Recontextualization and reinterpretation
Symbolic mediation
Acknowledgment
Note
References
22. The triadic character of intercultural learning: Insights from edusemiotics
The triadic character of intercultural communication
Edusemiotics and the semiotic framework of learning
An edusemiotic perspective on intercultural learning
Conclusion
References
23. The bridge metaphor in intercultural mediation
Introduction
Metaphors and frames
The bridge metaphor
The bridge metaphor in action
Bridge building: Developing intercultural communicative competence
The affordances and limitations of the bridge metaphor
Alternatives to the bridge metaphor
Conclusion
References
24. Using creative non-fiction to pinpoint moments of deCentering in intercultural mediation
DeCentering and starting from the small
The relevance of creative non-fiction
Demonstrating how it works
Countries of origin?
Stefan and searching disbelief
Alicia and the Orientalist grand narrative
Roxana's silence
Jane, the punchline, and food for discussion
The nature of intercultural mediation
References
25. Emic and etic perspectives on culture in mediation
Introduction
Emic and etic approaches to culture
Emic and etic approaches to culture in mediation
Conclusion
References
26. Professional dispute mediators' notions of culture
Introduction
Ethnographic approaches to analyzing mediation
Culture's relevance for action: Subjective notions of culture
Research design
Results
Mediation as a culture
Mediation culture in contrast to national cultures
Culture requires specific mediation strategies
Rejecting the idea of culture as a cause of conflict
Discussion
Conclusion
Note
References
27. Design thinking and design communication for intercultural conflict management
Introduction
Intercultural mediation approaches
Intercultural conflict management and developmental challenges
Intercultural mediation design
Empathy in intercultural mediation design
Conclusion: Design communication for intercultural mediation
References
Part V: Theorizing intercultural mediation
28. Theorizing mediation from the perspective of legal anthropology
Introduction
Legal anthropology and dispute settlement
An overview of legal anthropology
Understanding disputes
Lessons to be learned
Conclusion
References
29. Anthropological approaches to culture in conflict mediation
Introduction
Culture, conflict, and mediation
Case studies of mediation across cultures
Conclusions
References
30. Anthropology and mediation in an environmental conflict: Worldview translation as synthesis
Introduction
Anthropology and conflict
Research challenges
Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
Note
References
31. Weaving together three strands of research: Culture, communication, and conflict
Communication
Intercultural communication
Conflict
Attitudes and actions
Cultural experience and expression of pain
Argument as conversation or conflict
When conflict becomes aggression, and aggression becomes violence
Conclusions
References
32. Intercultural mediation as intercultural competence
Introduction
First acquaintance with five approaches
Interactive approach
Multilingualism approach
Transfer approach: Intercultural competences
Intercultural communication: From essentialism to non-essentialism
Note
References
33. It takes three to tango. A sociological triadology
Postmodernity's enthusiasm for triads as a symptom of crisis
Georg Simmel: Triads are the foundations of sociation
Triadological insights are challenging game theory
Three-sided football: A postmodern triadic social experiment
Note
References
34. A framework for understanding intercultural mediation from the standpoint of a systemic theory of communication
Introduction
Mediation
Intercultural mediation
Methodological presuppositions of (intercultural) mediation
Conclusions
References
Part VI: Linguistic explorations of intercultural mediation
35. Research from conversation analysis on intercultural mediation
Introduction
Language difference and the accomplishment of turn taking
Language difference and access to mediation
Institutional procedures as barriers to access to mediation
Creating, confirming, or correcting comprehension
A conversation analytic perspective on intercultural mediation
Religion and intra/intercultural mediation
Race and intra/intercultural mediation
Conclusion
References
36. Managing culturality in mediation sessions: Insights from membership categorization analysis and discursive psychology
Introduction
Membership categorization analysis
Discursive psychology
Data analysis
Conclusion
Transcription conventions
Notes
References
37. Intercultural mediation from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics
Introduction
Intercultural pragmatics
The understanding of mediation in intercultural pragmatics
Mediation and metapragmatic awareness
Concluding remarks
References
38. Storytelling, culture, and identity in mediation
Storytelling in mediation
Intercultural approach to storytelling during mediation
Constructing cultural identities
Concluding remarks
References
Part VII: Psychological tools for analyzing intercultural mediation
39. Cultural intelligence in intercultural mediation
Introduction
Cultural intelligence
Dimensions of CQ
Investigations within the scope of CQ
Intercultural mediation and CQ
Final considerations
References
40. Research from psychology on intercultural mediation: Cultural values and emotional intelligence
Introduction
Conflict handling styles and intercultural mediation
Conflict handling styles
Societal culture and the preference for conflict handling styles
Emotional intelligence and the preference for conflict handling styles
Methodology
Literature search and selection criteria
Inclusion criteria, coding, and meta-analytic procedures
Results
Discussion
Practical implications
References
41. Measuring intercultural mediation in the context of intergroup conflict: Classical and modern test theory approaches to scale assessment
Intercultural competence
Measurement
The intercultural mediation scale
Method
Participants
Measures
Procedure
Results
CTT: Dimensionality
MTT: Item Response Theory
Discussion
Future research
Limitations
Conclusion
Note
References
Annex:. Intercultural mediation scale
Instructions
English scenarios
Response options
Part VIII: Translation research and intercultural mediation
42. Intercultural mediation in translation and interpreting studies
Introduction
Intercultural mediation in translation and interpreting
The need for intercultural mediation
Translation beyond language mediation
Interpreting as interpersonal mediation
Intercultural mediation and the role of translators and interpreters
Translators as primary intercultural mediators
Between 'interpreters' and 'cultural mediators'
Conclusion
References
43. Translation as intercultural mediation—The evolution of a paradigm
Introduction
Interdisciplinary epistemological shifts: The birth of a paradigm
When translation encounters intercultural mediation
Terminological indeterminacy and paradigmatic shortcomings
References
44. The mediating role of empathy in community interpreting
Introduction: Quality in interpreting
Interpreters' positioning and roles: Normative ethics, negotiation, and boundaries
Empathy and emotional self-regulation
Conclusion
References
45. Exacerbating cultural differences in translation/interpreting as intercultural mediation
Conceptualising IM in translation/interpreting
Methodology
Main causes of IM failure in translation/interpreting
Mismatched expectations
Lack of power and (mediational) authority
Cultural misunderstanding
Insufficient linguistic and/or thematic knowledge
Contextual constraints
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part IX: Intercultural mediation in foreign language education and the arts
46. The intercultural speaker as an intercultural mediator
Introduction
Mediation in education
Example of mediation in pedagogy
Mediating concepts
Mediation strategies
Conclusion
References
47. Intercultural mediation in contexts of translanguaging
Introduction
Epistemics and interpersonal behaviors in mediation in a translanguaging space
Reflecting mediating behaviors with translanguaging
Concluding remarks—Mediation and translanguaging as a reflexive practice
References
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
48. Children as intercultural mediators
Introduction
Defining child intercultural mediation (CIM)
Translanguaging in CIM
CIM as a dialogic process
Power dynamics in CIM
Effects and outcomes of CIM
Positive outcomes
Negative outcomes
Future directions
Conclusion
References
49. Intercultural mediation in the world language classroom
Introduction
Territories, frontiers, and early explorations
The exploration of the interstices
Expanded views on mediation
Future directions
Conclusion
References
Index