This Handbook inverts the lens on development, asking what Indigenous communities across the globe hope and build for themselves. In contrast to earlier writing on development, this volume focuses on Indigenous peoples as inspiring theorists and potent political actors who resist the ongoing destruction of their livelihoods. To foster their own visions of development, they look from the present back to Indigenous pasts and forward to Indigenous futures.
Key questions:
- How do Indigenous theories of justice, sovereignty, and relations between humans and non-humans inform their understandings of development?
- How have Indigenous people used Rights of Nature, legal pluralism, and global governance systems to push for their visions?
- How do Indigenous relations with the Earth inform their struggles against natural resource extraction?
- How have native peoples negotiated the dangers and benefits of capitalism to foster their own life projects?
- How do Indigenous peoples in diaspora and in cities around the world contribute to Indigenous futures?
- How can Indigenous intellectuals, artists, and scientists control their intellectual property and knowledge systems and bring into being meaningful collective life projects?
The book is intended for Indigenous and non-Indigenous activists, communities, scholars, and students. It provides a guide to current thinking across the disciplines that converge in the study of development, including geography, anthropology, environmental studies, development studies, political science, and Indigenous studies.
Author(s): Katharina Ruckstuhl, John-Andrew McNeish, Nancy Postero, Irma A. Velásquez Nimatuj
Series: Routledge International Handbooks
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 537
City: London
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Cover Credit
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Contributors
Editors
Contributors
Introduction: Indigenous Futurities: Rethinking Indigenous Development
Indigenous Futurities
Key Themes
Part I: Retheorizing Development
Part II: Law, Self-Governance, and Security
Part III: Relations with the Earth
Part IV: Economic Practices and Alternatives
Part V: Migration and City Life
Part VI: Looking to the Future
Conclusion
References
Part I: Retheorizing Development
Chapter 1: Indigenous Development as Flourishing Intergenerational Relationships
Relationality
Indigenous Justice
Toward Flourishing Intergenerational Relationships
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Violent Colonialism: The Doctrine of Discovery and its Historical Continuity
The Doctrine of Discovery
Coloniality and Ideological Domination
Resistance: Struggles for Dignity
Peace Accords and the Rights of Indigenous People
Colonial/Capitalist Development
Conclusion: Decolonization in the 21st Century in Guatemala
References
Chapter 3: Capitalism and Development
Development in Relation to Capitalism
Changing Paradigms of Development
Indigenous Peoples Re-think Development
Indigenous Re-workings of Development
Indigenous Visions of Development Alternatives
Decolonizing Development
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Refusing Development and the Death of Indigenous Life
An Indigenous Feminist Framework to Development
Neoliberal Sustainable Development
Energy Transitions in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
Refusing Wind Power
Body-Land: Indigenous Lessons for Development
References
Chapter 5: Two-Spirit Issues in Development
What Is Development?
Development and Indigenous Sovereignty
Two-Spirit Wellness and Development
Development Implications of Two-Spirit Living
References
Chapter 6: The Struggles of Tseltal Women and Caring for the Earth: Reflections on Sustaining Life-Existence in Times of the Pandemic
Chapter 7: Towards a Plurinational State in Guatemala
Introduction
Nation-state in Guatemala
Philosophical principles
A state, a national identity
Representative democracy
Limitations of the nation-state in Guatemala
Two centuries of excluding majorities
Dispossession as a method of state intervention in territories
A state without a nation, and nationalities without a state
The apparent state co-opted by organized crime
The plurinational state as a proposal
Conceptual sociogenesis
Philosophical principles
Interculturality as a paradigm
Intercultural, participatory democracy
Unitarian state with territorial autonomies
Plurinational sovereignty
Decolonization and de-patriarchalization
Buen vivir as the horizon
Chapter 8: Pluck the Stars from the Sky: The Pluriverse of Adivasi Health in India
Indigeneity in South Asia
Rupi Baskey and the Mystery of Adivasi Health
The Pluriverse
References
Part II: Law, Self-Governance, and Security
Chapter 9: The Inca and Indigenous Development: Recalling a Native American Empire in South America
Introduction
Encountering Andean Empire: The Inca Meet the Spanish Invasion
Reconstructing How the Inca Empire Worked
Developing an Inca Imperial System – Achievement, Consolidation, and Conquest
Developing the Hardware of Empire – Inca Infrastructure
Developing the Software of Empire – Inca Social Engineering and Statecraft
Inca Colonialism
Conclusion – Inca Imperial Development, a Flag, and Indigenous Histories
References
Chapter 10: Indians and the State: Negotiating Progress, Modernity, and Development in Bolivia
The Effects of Liberalism and Privatization of Property in the Countryside
Resisting the Liberal Project
The Nationalist Project in the Countryside
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: The Constituent Process in Chile (2019–2022) from the Perspective of Indigenous Peoples
Introduction
Recognition and the Effectiveness of Rights
Social Mobilization as a Constituent Factor
Intercultural Recognition and the ‘Re-Constituent Effect’
The Intercultural Law Dimension
The Democratic Pluralist and Intercultural Dimension
The Struggle for Recognition of the Indigenous Peoples in Chile
From the “Social Explosion” to the Constituent Process
Intercultural Keys for the New Constitution
References
Chapter 12: Negotiating Legal Pluralism and Indigenous Development: Lessons from Bolivia
New Forms of Legal Pluralism in Bolivia: A View “From Below”
Jurisdictional Conflicts
Forging New Tools: The Zongo Precedent
Community Consultation: Pokerani, Jatun Ayllu
Lessons on the Potentials and Limits of Legal Pluralism for Indigenous Development
References
Chapter 13: Sámi Political Shifts: From Assimilation via Invisibility to Indigenization?
Introduction
States’ Policy towards the Sámi
Sámi Political Resistance
The Sámi Parliaments – Bodies for Autonomous Sámi Politics?
The Case of Norway: Possibilities or Limits for Sámi Political Development?
The Norwegian Sámi Parliament
Aspects of autonomy and shared arenas
Sámi consideration in public regulations
Actual political power sharing – an illusion?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Reflections on a Career in Indigenous Intellectual Property Ngā Taonga Tuku Iho
Mataatua Te Mānuka Tūtahi: The House That Came Home
Learning to Control the Integrity of Our Heritage
Indigenous Lobbying at the UN
Changes and Developments within the IP Space
Changing Systems
Reflections on a Career Indigenous Advocacy
Chapter 15: Maya K’iche’ Community Responses to Gender Violence in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala
Gender-based violence: a development challenge
Indigenous legal systems: decolonizing justice
Mayan cosmovision: Life is sacred
Violence prevention
Conclusions
References
Chapter 16: Reconceptualizing Gendered Violence: Indigenous Women’s Life Projects and Solutions
Introduction
Colonial/Modern Gender System
Gendered Violence and the Structures and Actors of the Settler Capitalist State
Epistemological Disobedience: Indigenous Women’s Tools for Rethinking Gendered Violence
From Healing to Justice
Conclusions
References
Chapter 17: Indigenous Autonomy: Opportunities and Pitfalls
Introduction
Bolivia: The story of autonomy constrained
Constraints on Indigenous conceptions of territory
Indigenous Autonomy as Dispossession
Alternative Responses to Indigenous Autonomy
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: The Implementation Paradox: Ambiguities of Prior Consultation and Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) for Indigenous Peoples’ Agency in Resource Extraction in Latin America
Introduction
Ambiguities of Prior Consultation and FPIC as International Norms
Indigenous Critique on State-Led Prior Consultation and FPIC
Claiming Stronger Legal Frameworks
Contesting State Monologues
Rejecting State-Led Consultations
Potentials and Pitfalls for Indigenous Agency
Power Asymmetries and Access Barriers
Prior Consultation and FPIC as “Straitjacket” Strategies
Indigenous Independent Processes and “Community Consultations”
Conclusion and Outlook
References
Chapter 19: Indigenous-Led Spaces in Environmental Governance: Implications for Self-Determined Development
Introduction
Indigenous peoples’ participation in diverse spaces and at different scales
Indigenous-led spaces for change and self-determination
Glocal instruments of environmental governance: FPIC, EIA, REDD+ and climate adaptation
Indigenous-led spaces at the global scale: influencing the design of glocal instruments
Indigenous-led spaces at the national scale: The domestication of global policies
Indigenous-led spaces in the local implementation of governance instruments
Discussion and conclusion
References
Part III: Relations with the Earth
Chapter 20: The Role of Traditional Environmental Knowledge in Planetary Well-Being
Introduction
Defining Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge Systems
Decolonizing Methods
Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Indigenous Futures
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: Building Kia‘i Futures: Puʻuhonua o Puʻuhuluhulu and Protecting Mauna Kea
Protest to Protect
Puʻuhonua o Puʻuhuluhulu
Puʻuhuluhulu University
Developing Kiaʻi Futures
References
Chapter 22: Place attachment, Sacred Geography, and Solidarity: Indigenous Conceptions of Development as Meaningful Life in Mongolia and Norway
Introduction
Pastoralism in Mongolia and Norway
Place attachment and Sacred Geographies
Collectivities and Solidarity in Latter-Day Capitalism
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Development and Territorial Control
A Living Space
A Cartography of Displacement
Liberalism and Property
The 1910 Revolution and the Return of Collective Rights
Privatization Again
Territory and Control
References
Chapter 24: Indigenous Peoples: Extraction and Extractivism
Introduction
Resource Extraction and the Threat of Erasure
Indigenous Contestation of Extraction
Counterwork and Mining
Extraction and Extractivism
Conclusions
References
Chapter 25: Rights of Nature: Law as a Tool for Indigenous-Led Development
Tribal Nations Using RoN to Weaponize Federal and State Law
Māori Iwi Using RoN to Remove Colonial Laws
RoN as a Tool for Codifying Indigenous Values Into Western Law and Facilitating Paradigm Change
Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: Indigenous Peoples and International Institutions: Indigenous Peoples’ Diplomacies at the United Nations
Introduction
Part I: Indigenous Peoples in International Relations
Part II: Indigenous Peoples’ Diplomacies in International Institutions
Part III: UNFCCC as a Case
Setting the Scene
Diplomacy and Advocacy
Conclusions: The Case for Showing Up and Continuing to Show Up
References
Chapter 27: Science, Technology, and Indigenous Development
Introduction
Science for the West, Myth for the Rest
“Re-discovering” Indigenous Science
Indigenous People Benefitting from Science and Technology
Aotearoa New Zealand’s Vision Mātauranga Science, Technology and Innovation policy
Conclusion
References
Part IV: Engaging with Capitalism
Chapter 28: Colonial Potosí: Setting the Stage for Global Capitalist Development
Introduction
Appropriating Indigenous Knowledge and Technology
Ruptures: Toledo’s Reforms and the Extending Arm of Colonial Rule
Resilience and Negotiation in the Chaotic City
Discussion
References
Chapter 29: Mapuche Disagreements with Development: A Critical Perspective from Local Spaces
The Crisis of the Capitalist System and the Mapuche People
The Agrarian Reform and the Mapuche People
The Return to Democracy and Politics of Development
Critical Problems of Development
References
Chapter 30: Ngā Whai Take : Reframing Indigenous Development
Introduction
Reframing Māori Economy and Development
The Case Studies
Waewae Pounamu
Flax-based Māori enterprise
Kāpiti Island Nature Tours
Tangatawhenua.com
Ngā Whai Take: Self-Determined Development
Conclusion
References
Chapter 31: Chickasaw Spring: Economic Development and Resurgent Sovereignty
The Chickasaw
Political Sovereignty and Cultural Revitalization
Redistribution and Economic Development
Cultural revitalization
Engaging Capitalism
Chapter 32: Ser Camaleón : Indigenous Community-Based Tourism for Emancipatory Futures
Introduction
Community-Based Tourism, Indigenous Rights and Social Solidarity Economies
Increased Social Awareness: In Between State Recognition and State Abandonment
How to “Ser Camaleón”: Toward Mobility Justice and the Control of Community and Cultural Representation
Enunciating Emancipatory Futures in Community-Based Tourism
References
Chapter 33: Indigenous Development: The Role of Indigenous Values and Traditions For Restoring Indigenous Food Sovereignty
Introduction
Disruption of Our Collective Food Relations
Indigenous Food Sovereignty
The Revival of Indigenous Food Sovereignty
The Quechua Community of Choquecancha in Peru
The Papatūānuku Kokiri Marae in Aotearoa New Zealand
Conclusion: Lessons Learned from the Māori and Quechua Peoples
References
Chapter 34: External Facilitators, Tourism, and Indigenous Development: Insights from Bangladesh
Introduction
Indigenous Peoples’ Development and Poverty
NGOs as Development Agents and the Implications for Indigenous People
NGO, Tourism and Indigenous Communities
Bangladesh Context
Faruk Para: A Bawm Village
Development Interventions and Tourism Involvement – The Story of Faruk Para
NGOs’ Perspectives on Operationalizing Tourism for Indigenous Development
Conclusion: Lessons Learned
Acknowledgement
References
Part V: Migration and City Life
Chapter 35: Indigenous Mobilities
Mobilities in Pre-Colonial and Colonial Times
Contesting Narratives of Improvement
Migrations
Displacements
Relocations
Diasporas
Counter-Stories
References
Chapter 36: From Runas to Universal Travelers: The Case of the Kichwa Nationality-Otavalo Pueblo . A Liberating Experience of Development
Genesis of Migration and Its Causes
Mestizo Migration
Indigenous Migration
Conclusion: Lessons to Learn And Share
References
Chapter 37: Imazighen of France: Developing Indigeneity in Diaspora
Claiming Indigeneity
Revitalizing Language and Literature
Representing and Story-telling : Yennayer, the Amazigh New Year
Gendering Amazigh Diaspora Activism
Protecting/restoring forms of Village Politics, Sociability and Habitation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 38: Communal Labor and Sharing Systems
The Saraguros of Ecuador: Mingas, Craft Production, and Sumak Kawsay
Tongans of Moana: Communal Labor, Fetokani’aki, and Tauhi Vā
Conclusion
References
Chapter 39: Miskitu Migrants Facing the Pandemic Together in Panama
Introduction: Solidarity in the time of COVID
Migration continues and changes
New route
I am going to Panama; my friend told me there is work there for women
We are struggling here
Conclusion
Reference
Chapter 40: Fighting and Surviving in Oaxacalifornia
Development and Displacement
Resistance in the Diaspora
Diasporic Organizing and the Importance of Language Rights
Indigenous Futures
References
Chapter 41: Lessons from Cahokia: Indigeneity and the Future of the Settler City
Turtle Island’s Ideal City
Understanding the Settler City
Decolonizing the Settler City?
Summary
References
Chapter 42: Designing Decolonization? Architecture and Indigenous Development
Genealogy of decolonial design
Theorizing decolonial architectural design
Contemporary Indigenous architecture – experiments in autonomy
Conclusion: developing decolonial design diplomacy
Reference
Chapter 43: Indigenous Urban Futurities: Identity, Place, and Property Development by Indigenous Communities in the City
Introduction
Settler Colonialism
Futurity
Activating Indigenous Futurities
Two New Urban Development Case Studies
Lessons for Indigenous Urban Futurities
Acknowledgements
References
Part VI: Looking to the Future
Chapter 44: Literatures in Indigenous Languages and Education as Development
Henestrosa’s view of the printing press
Reinscribing Diidxazá and K’iche’ sounds
Indigenous Writers and different views of Development
Conclusion
References
Chapter 45: Giving Form to Indigenous Futures Through Monumental Architecture, Art, and Technology
Monumental Architecture and Urban Art as Indigenous Technologies of Permanence
Indigenous Muralism and Grassroots Cultural Heritage
Guelaguetza: Reciprocity and Mutual Aid in Transborder Communities
Conclusions: Social Media and Indigenous Futurities
References
Chapter 46: Fourth World Filmic Interventions
Film as Intervention
Unsettling Education
Language Worldviews
Making Labor Legible
Indigenous Re-scriptings
References
Chapter 47: Indigenous Online
Indigenous First
Controlling the Indian Narrative
Indigenous Storytelling and Network-Making
Lessons from Indigenous Lives Online
References
Chapter 48: Indigenous youth in intercultural universities: New sites of knowledge production and leadership training in Mexico and Latin America
The context: Indigenous peoples and schooling
Types of intercultural higher education initiatives in Latin America
The official policy of creating intercultural universities in Mexico
Emerging alternative models of Indigenous and/or intercultural universities
Innovating courses and curricula
University–community relations
Decolonizing linguistic hierarchies and academic monolingualism
Students and graduates as new brokers
References
Chapter 49: Indigenous Data Futures: Empowering the Next One Hundred Generations
Recognizing Data as a Resource
Big Data
Parachute Science: Disrupting The Status Quo
Parachute Science
Indigenous Data Sovereignty: A Movement, Not a Moment
Indigenous Data Sovereignty (IDS) Principles
Benefit Sharing for Indigenous Communities
The Nagoya Protocol
Record Keeping Systems: Engineering Transparency and Accountability
Blockchain Technology
Conclusion: Data Science for Indigenous Peoples, By Indigenous Peoples
Vertical Integration
References
Chapter 50: Climate Change and Sustainable Development in the Pacific: The Case of Samoa
Introduction
Overview of climate change and sustainable development in the Pacific
Climate change and sustainable development in Samoa
Samoa’s national governance framework for climate change and sustainable development
Climate change and sustainable development in Samoan villages and extended family households
Social connections and diversification of livelihoods
Managing the environment
Sustainable planting techniques
Village rules and penalties
Disaster management
Conclusions and a way forward
References
Part VII: Concluding Voices
Chapter 51: The Power of Our Present Futures
Chapter 52: In Cañamomo Lomaprieta, We Grow Life
Index
