The Routledge Companion To Media And Activism

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 17
Introduction: Making meanings and making trouble......Page 18
Movements and moments, tactics and strategies......Page 19
The uses and abuses of media......Page 21
Activist arts and everyday creativity......Page 23
Part I:  Themes......Page 24
Part II: Organizations and identities......Page 25
Part III: Activist arts......Page 27
Part IV:  Tactics of visibility......Page 28
Part V:  Contesting narratives......Page 29
Part VI:  Changing the media......Page 30
Part  VII: Beyond social media......Page 31
References......Page 32
Part I: Themes......Page 34
Introduction......Page 36
A bygone dualistic world?......Page 37
Print’s companion media......Page 40
Here and now, then, what is really different?......Page 42
References......Page 45
Communication and media within social movement studies......Page 46
Social movements in complex media environments......Page 49
Future perspectives......Page 51
References......Page 52
Chapter 3: Nonviolent activism and the media: Gandhi and beyond......Page 55
Satyagraha and the media......Page 56
Globalizing satyagraha: the media and other forces......Page 58
Diffusion, transformation and the media......Page 59
Conclusion......Page 60
References......Page 61
Chapter 4: Can the Women’s Peace Camp be televised?: Challenging mainstream media coverage of Greenham Common......Page 64
Representing Greenham......Page 65
Television coverage......Page 66
The inside scoop: exploiting Greenham’s women-only mandate......Page 67
Parody and activist practice......Page 69
Scraps of resistance......Page 70
Conclusion......Page 72
References......Page 73
The truth shall not set us free......Page 74
The power of art......Page 75
What is artistic activism?......Page 77
Affect, Effect and Æffect......Page 80
References......Page 81
Chapter 6: Alternative computing......Page 82
From debate to advocacy......Page 83
From advocacy to intervention......Page 86
Closing remarks......Page 89
References......Page 90
Part II: Organizations and identities......Page 92
Introduction: making media and making change......Page 94
Key findings across movements......Page 97
References......Page 102
Premise......Page 104
Contemporary politics and civic engagement......Page 105
Connective action......Page 107
Affective publics......Page 109
Punctuated equilibrium theory......Page 110
A new paradigm for social change......Page 111
References......Page 112
Contentious action and mass protest in China: continuity and change......Page 114
Social media activism: China and beyond......Page 116
Organizing dynamics and mobilizing structures......Page 118
Conclusion......Page 121
References......Page 122
Introduction......Page 125
Crowds and social movements: conceptual definitions......Page 126
Social media and the intersections between movements and crowds: organizing and boundaries......Page 128
Intersections in processes of framing and bonding......Page 129
Conclusion......Page 131
References......Page 132
Finding labour’s voice......Page 134
Workers pick up the megaphone......Page 137
Radicals and reformers grab the mic......Page 138
The precariat and new media tools......Page 140
References......Page 141
The decline of the labour movement......Page 142
Can digital activism fix it?......Page 144
The future of worker resistance......Page 147
References......Page 148
Introduction......Page 151
The formation of publics......Page 152
Feminist media and cultural practices in the context of DIY culture......Page 153
Forming publics through alternative media and activist cultural practices......Page 156
References......Page 157
Introduction......Page 159
Social media activism: how does it differ from other forms of media activism?......Page 160
Within and beyond the collective: the importance of self-representation in social media activism......Page 161
Self-representation on social media: the question about digital storytelling and voice......Page 162
Social media activism, identity narratives and the everyday construction of political biographies......Page 163
Conclusion......Page 165
References......Page 166
Part III: Activist arts......Page 168
Conceptualist and performance art in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia......Page 170
Voiná......Page 171
Pussy Riot......Page 173
Pavlenskii......Page 175
References......Page 176
Introduction......Page 179
Rokudenashiko’s artistic activities......Page 180
Obscenity and art......Page 181
Media response to Rokudenashiko’s arrest and trial......Page 183
Conclusion......Page 185
References......Page 186
Introduction......Page 188
Musical prefigurativism and political activism: the case of Rola la Lucha Zapatista......Page 189
Pragmatism in music and politics: the case of Red Wedge......Page 192
References......Page 194
Introduction......Page 196
Exchanges and intimate relationships: Amie Anderson’s The Soap Exchange Project......Page 197
Time, narratives and Indigenous memories: Brook Andrew’s Intervening Time......Page 198
‘Insistences of the ground’: Lyndal Jones’ The Avoca Project......Page 200
Remixing time and memory: Soda_Jerk’s The Time that Remains......Page 201
Conclusion......Page 202
References......Page 203
Chapter 19: I can haz rights?: Online memes as digital embodiment of craft(ivism)......Page 204
Craftivism......Page 205
Memes in politics......Page 206
Arthur’s Fist meme......Page 207
References......Page 210
Introduction......Page 213
Protest assemblages: a media and cultural studies perspective......Page 214
Remix as media activism method......Page 215
‘The ultimate feminist photo’: remixing feminist protest assemblages......Page 217
Conclusion......Page 219
References......Page 220
Part IV: Tactics of visibility......Page 222
Atheism and activism......Page 224
Mediatized activism......Page 226
Affective events and icon bodies......Page 227
Feminism and New Atheism......Page 228
Political secularism......Page 229
The body that survives and the reinvention of religion......Page 230
References......Page 231
Chapter 22: The purchase of witnessing in human rights activism......Page 233
Witnessing of an event......Page 234
Witnessing for a purpose......Page 236
References......Page 238
Chapter 23: Palestine online: Occupation and liberation in the digital age......Page 240
Palestine’s media ecology......Page 241
Online resistance … as decolonization?......Page 242
Palestinian digital politics......Page 244
To witness, to prove, to protest......Page 245
References......Page 247
Chapter 24: Turning murders into public executions: ‘Beheading videos’ as alternative media......Page 249
The practice......Page 250
The development......Page 251
From user-generated content to professionally generated content......Page 253
Discipline, control, publicness and temporality......Page 254
Conclusion......Page 255
References......Page 256
Graffiti artists and the struggle for recognition......Page 258
Graffiti and subcultural identities......Page 259
The counter-information flow in the subcultural terrain......Page 260
Strategic tools for mobilization and resistance......Page 261
Beyond the immediacy of social media......Page 263
Conclusion......Page 264
References......Page 265
Transparency versus secrecy, openness versus control......Page 267
Key leaks 2016–2017......Page 269
Leaktivism’s discontents......Page 272
References......Page 274
Chapter 27: Counter-cartography: Mapping power as collective practice......Page 276
Counter-cartography......Page 277
Beyond the border, biopoetics......Page 279
Map = use value and commonplace knowledge......Page 283
References......Page 284
Part V: Contesting narratives......Page 286
Chapter 28: Climate justice, hacktivist sensibilities, prototypes of change......Page 288
Media and social change......Page 290
New narratives......Page 291
Cartography of resistance......Page 292
New modes of accountability......Page 293
Hacking the media landscape: beyond disruption......Page 294
References......Page 295
The discourse of far-right media......Page 297
The policies of the BNP......Page 299
Constructing cultural history......Page 300
Racism and the everyday......Page 301
The EU referendum and academic activism......Page 302
References......Page 304
Introduction......Page 306
Zimbabwean context......Page 307
Methodology......Page 308
Findings and discussion......Page 309
Conclusion......Page 312
References......Page 313
The city......Page 315
Historical context......Page 317
The offending plaque......Page 318
Interpretation......Page 319
References......Page 321
Introduction......Page 324
Birth of the Aboriginal flag......Page 326
Black Power news media strategy......Page 328
The Aboriginal Tent Embassy......Page 330
Conclusion – who won the war?......Page 331
References......Page 332
Part VI: Changing the media......Page 334
Introduction......Page 336
Policy interventions, media reform and global governance......Page 337
Inside: advocating for change......Page 339
Outside: protesting injustice......Page 340
Beyond: bypassing policy challenges......Page 341
Conclusion: opportunities and challenges for policy change......Page 342
References......Page 344
The birth of a movement......Page 346
‘Freedom of the press’: freedom of the powerful over the powerless......Page 349
Conclusion......Page 352
References......Page 353
Introduction......Page 354
‘Save Our Show’ activism......Page 355
Imagining different worlds......Page 356
Contesting common ground......Page 358
Conclusion......Page 359
References......Page 360
Background to copyright......Page 363
The problem with copyright......Page 364
Fair use......Page 365
Creative Commons......Page 366
Torrenting as civil disobedience......Page 368
Conclusion......Page 369
References......Page 370
Disability challenges for activism......Page 372
Histories of disability media activism......Page 373
Digital disability activism......Page 375
Conclusion......Page 377
References......Page 378
Part VII: Beyond social media......Page 382
Introduction and outline......Page 384
Algorithms and politics......Page 385
Algorithms as propaganda......Page 386
Algorithms as repression......Page 387
Algorithms as appropriation and resistance......Page 388
References......Page 390
Chapter 39: On the question of blockchain activism......Page 393
The core concepts of blockchain technologies......Page 394
Decentralization, transparency and smart contracts as ideological concepts......Page 395
Modulation of ownership and use regimes in the era of blockchains......Page 397
Media activism from within the blockchain: the ECSA......Page 399
Code execution against the possible and the open......Page 400
References......Page 401
1 Introduction......Page 402
2 Established research ethics guidelines......Page 403
3 Towards critical-realist internet research ethics......Page 405
4 Example cases of critical-realist internet research ethics......Page 408
5 Conclusion......Page 410
References......Page 411
Introduction......Page 412
The movement that blocks together stays together? The discursive contestation of technological solutions to trolling and harassment......Page 413
Discourses about blocklists in politically charged discussion settings......Page 415
Themes emerging in discussion......Page 417
Conclusion......Page 418
References......Page 419
Chapter 42: Organized networks in the age of platform capitalism......Page 421
Looking back at network cultures......Page 422
After the party......Page 424
New institutional forms as vehicles of transition......Page 425
Organizing Next Nature......Page 428
References......Page 430
Index......Page 432