With contributions by J. Bayley, P. S. Birley, R. Birley, P. J. Casey, B. M. Dickinson, J. Evans, K. F. Hartley, M. Henig, G. W. I. Hodgson, R. Jackson, H. Pengelly, J. Price, M. M. Roxan, R. S. O.Tomlin, J. Watson, A. T. Welfare and D. F. Williams.
Ebook (PDF) published 2013.
This work is principally an account of excavations carried out at Vindolanda in 1980 but also reviews the available evidence for the history of the fort and vicus. Early timber forts were succeeded by a stone fort in the Hadrianic period, perhaps in c. 122-4. Reconstruction of some interior buildings were erected in the northern part of the praetentura; they are thought to have been houses accommodating a civilian work-force under military control. West of the fort lay a number of buildings apparently serving as a military annexe rather than civilian vicus. The fort was almost entirely rebuilt in c. 223-5, retaining only parts of the original west and east walls. After a delay of about a decade, when part of the garrison was probably posted elsewhere, a double barrack-block was erected in the north-east corner of the fort, possibly to accommodate cavalry. The building underwent a number of alterations and remained in use until c. 400. There are slight indications of activity on the site subsequent to that date. Rebuilding of the fort in c. 223-5 was accompanied by construction of an extensive vicus which was largely abandoned by the last quarter of the third century. Foremost amongst the finds was a fragment of a military diploma issued to a soldier of cohors / Tungrorum. There were numerous objects of iron and copper alloy. A considerable quantity of pottery was recovered from a sequence of third- and fourth-century deposits. Coin finds from the fort and vicus are compared and their significance discussed.
Author(s): Paul T. Bidwell
Series: Historic Buildings & Monuments Commission for England. Archaeological Reports, 1
Publisher: Historic Buildings & Monuments Commission for England
Year: 1985
Language: English
Pages: XIV+242
City: London
Foreword / A. D. Saunders vii
Preface and acknowledgements ix
List of figures xi
List of tables xii
List of plates xii
Summary xiii
Chapter I. Introduction 1
Chapter II. Pre-Hadrianic Occupation and the Construction-date of Stone Fort 1 6
Chapter III. The Occupation of Stone Fort 1 11
Chapter IV. Stone Fort 2: Previous Research 34
Chapter V. Stone Fort 2: The Excavations in 1980 53
Chapter VI. Some Aspects of Stone Fort 2 77
Chapter VII. The Vici and the Dates of Stone Forts 1 and 2 88
Chapter VIII. The Roman Military Diploma 93
Chapter IX. The Coins 103
Chapter X. The Objects of Copper Alloy and of Other Materials 117
Chapter XI. The Objects of Iron 130
Chapter XII. The Objects of Stone and Tile 152
Chapter XIII. The Samian Ware 166
Chapter XIV. The Coarse Pottery 172
Chapter XV. The Catalogue of Coarse Pottery 185
Chapter XVI. The Glass 206
Chapter XVII. The Inscribed Objects 215
Bibliography 217
Index of contexts 225
Index 233
