The Role of the EU in the Promotion of Human Rights and International Labour Standards in Its External Trade Relations

Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
1 The Promotion of Human Rights and International Labour Standards After Lisbon: An Introduction
1.1 Background and Context
1.2 Aims and Significance of the Book
1.2.1 Aims
1.2.2 Significance
1.3 Structure, Methods and Methodology of the Book
1.3.1 Research Methodology and Methods
1.3.2 Structure of the Book
References
2 The EU as a Global Actor in an “Inter-Polar” World
2.1 Introduction: Theoretical Understandings of the Nature, Powers and Role of the EU in the World
2.2 The Multi-Faceted Conceptions of the European Union and Its Role as a Global Actor
2.3 The European Union’s Promotion of Normative Objectives in Its External Trade Policy
2.4 The European Union’s Deep Trade Agenda and Narratives of Self-Projection
2.5 Conclusion: The Role of the European Union as a Global Actor in the Age of Brexit and Anti-Globalism
References
3 The Legal Framework of the Common Commercial Policy After the Entry into Force of the Treaty of Lisbon
3.1 Introduction: Aims and Structure
3.2 The Shift Towards a Global Approach and the “New” Common Commercial Policy
3.3 Principles and Objectives of the CCP After Lisbon
3.4 The Scope of the Common Commercial Policy After the Entry into Force of the Treaty of Lisbon: Substantive Reforms
3.4.1 New Fields of the Common Commercial Policy
3.5 The Expanding Competence of the EU in the Area of the Common Commercial Policy
3.5.1 Overview
3.5.2 The European Union’s Exclusive Competence in the Field of the Common Commercial Policy
3.5.3 The Negotiation, Signature, Provisional Application and Ratification of International Trade Agreements
3.5.4 The Decision-Making System in the Council of Ministers After the Entry into Force of the Treaty of Lisbon
3.5.5 Brexit, European Union International Agreements and the United Kingdom
3.5.6 The Democratising Role of the European Parliament and the Promotion of Non-commercial Objectives in the Common Commercial Policy
3.6 Conclusion
References
4 EU Political Conditionality as a Tool for the Promotion and Protection of Non-trade Values in Non-EU Countries
4.1 Introduction: Unpacking the Notion of External Conditionality
4.1.1 Structure and Rationale of Conditionality Mechanisms
4.1.2 The Standard of Behaviour Required by the Donor as a Condition for Granting Benefits or Avoiding Punishment
4.1.3 Positive and Negative Conditionality
4.1.4 Monitoring Compliance with the Conditions Established by the Donor
4.2 The European Union’s Conditionality Tool-Kit to Promote Non-trade Values
4.2.1 Conditionality in the EU GSP Schemes
4.2.2 Conditionality in Financial Instruments
4.2.3 Conditionality Clauses in EU International Agreements
4.2.4 The EU’s Competence to Include Conditionality Clauses in Its External Agreements and in Unilateral Acts
4.3 The Type of Behaviour Required in Conditionality Clauses
4.3.1 Human Rights
4.3.2 Democratic Principles
4.3.3 Rule of Law
4.3.4 Other Non-trade Values as Standards of Behaviour
4.3.5 Sustainable Development as a New Form of Conditionality?
4.4 Behaviour Required in GSP Arrangements
4.5 EU Conditionality Tools and International Law
4.5.1 Conditionality Clauses and International Law
4.5.2 The Adoption of “Appropriate Measures”
4.5.3 The Application of Conditionality in the Framework of Agreements not Incorporating the Clause: The Passerelle Clause
4.5.4 GSP Conditionality and the Conclusion of International Agreements
4.5.5 GSP Positive and Negative Conditionality and WTO Law
4.6 Monitoring and Enforcement in EU Conditionality Tools
4.6.1 Monitoring and Enforcement in EU Conditionality Clauses
4.6.2 Monitoring in the GSP Scheme
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 The Promotion of Social Rights and Labour Standards in EU External Trade Relations
5.1 Introduction—The Role of the EU as a Global Social Actor
5.1.1 Labour Rights, Labour Standards and Social Clauses
5.1.2 Thematic Scope, Aims and Structure of the Chapter
5.2 The Foundations of the Trade-Labour Linkage
5.2.1 The Debate on the Trade-Labour Linkage
5.2.2 The Trade-Labour Linkage Rationales
5.3 Social Trade as an “Unobjectionable Norm” and the EU’s Promotion of Social Rights and Labour Standards Through Its External Trade Instruments
5.3.1 Unilateral Trade Arrangements: The GSP Scheme
5.3.2 Regional and Bilateral Trade Agreements
5.3.3 An Overview of Selected Proposals for Strengthening EU Social Conditionality
5.3.4 Recommendations
5.4 Conclusion
References
6 The Nature of the European Union’s Human Rights Obligations in Its External Trade Relations After Lisbon
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Understanding Extraterritoriality
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 The Extraterritoriality of Human Rights Obligations in International Law and the EU Legal Context: Opening Pandora’s Box?
6.3 Territoriality, Territorial Extension and Human Rights Due Diligence Obligations
6.3.1 The Concept and Role of Due Diligence as a Positive Human Rights Obligation
6.3.2 From Extraterritoriality to Territoriality: “Territorializing Extraterritorial Obligations”
6.4 Human Rights Compliance as a Condition of Legality of EU Action
6.5 Revisiting the Doctrine of Implied Powers as a Judicial Tool to Protect Human Rights in EU External Action
6.6 Conclusion
References
7 Conclusion—The Merits of EU Conditionality in a World of Contrasts
7.1 The Common Commercial Policy After Lisbon
7.2 The EU in the World: In Pursuit of Non-trade Values…the Will but not the Way?
7.3 Recommendations for Change
7.4 Some Final Reflections on the Status Quo and the Road Ahead
References