The Road From Mont Pèlerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective

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What exactly is neoliberalism, and where did it come from? This volume attempts to answer these questions by exploring neoliberalism’s origins and growth as a political and economic movement.

Although modern neoliberalism was born at the “Colloque Walter Lippmann” in 1938, it only came into its own with the founding of the Mont Pèlerin Society, a partisan “thought collective,” in Vevey, Switzerland, in 1947. Its original membership was made up of transnational economists and intellectuals, including Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, George Stigler, Karl Popper, Michael Polanyi, and Luigi Einaudi. From this small beginning, their ideas spread throughout the world, fostering, among other things, the political platforms of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan and the Washington Consensus.

The Road from Mont Pèlerin presents the key debates and conflicts that occurred among neoliberal scholars and their political and corporate allies regarding trade unions, development economics, antitrust policies, and the influence of philanthropy. The book captures the depth and complexity of the neoliberal “thought collective” while examining the numerous ways that neoliberal discourse has come to shape the global economy.

“The volume’s contributors make heavy use of original archival materials and make good on the editors’ promise to expose the complexity, nuance and plurality of neoliberal thought―a belief system that has constructed and re-constructed itself and the world… The Road from Mont Pèlerin is indispensable for anyone wishing to gain an understanding of neoliberalism, whether as an end in itself or as a means for constructing alternative, non-neoliberal futures.”Daniel Kinderman, Critical Policy Studies

The Road from Mont Pèlerin reminds us that social movements succeed by drawing in many others who undertake the work that actually drives the movement forward. The book is full of stories of those individuals and related organizations that formed strategies, carried out the logistics and legwork, and brought legislators and others into contact with [Mont Pèlerin Society] ideas. In other words, if you work on post-war history of economics, there is almost no reason not to read this book.”Ross B. Emmett, Journal of the History of Economic Thought

The Road from Mont Pèlerin uncovers and lays bare the origins of one of the most important political phenomena of our time―the development of the neoliberal discourse coalition that has come to shape the modern political economy.”Frank Fischer, Rutgers University

“This excellent book contributes significantly to our understanding of the origins of neoliberalism and its transformation into political discourse and policy.”Steven Lukes, New York University

“A fascinating and important book, one that speaks in radical, perceptive, and provocative ways to contemporary debates around neoliberalism.”Jamie Peck, University of British Columbia

Philip Mirowski is Carl Koch Professor of Economics and the History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Notre Dame.

Dieter Plehwe is a Senior Fellow at the Social Science Research Centre Berlin.

Author(s): Philip Mirowski, Dieter Plehwe
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Year: 2009

Language: English
Pages: 480

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface—Philip Mirowski and Dieter Plehwe
Neoliberalism Studies: It Is Really Not Just the Economy!
Americans Throw in the Towel
What Remains to Be Done
Notes
References
Introduction—Dieter Plehwe
Identifying Self-Conscious Neoliberals in Time and Space: Studying the Mont Pèlerin Society
Historical Social Network Analysis: Detecting Layers of Knowledge
How the “Neo” Got into Neoliberalism
Perpetual Mobilization: Mont Pèlerin
A Brief Overview
Notes
References
Part One: Origins of National Traditions
1. French Neoliberalism and Its Divisions: From the Colloque Walter Lippmann to the Fifth Republic
The Legacy of the 1930s
Neoliberalism and the Dynamic of the Cold War
Two Opposing Neoliberalisms
Notes
Abbreviations in the Notes
2. Liberalism and Neoliberalism in Britain, 1930–1980
Introduction
“Classical” Liberalism
Liberal Economics in Interwar Britain
Planning the War Economy
Postwar Liberalism as Neoliberalism
Notes
3. Neoliberalism in Germany: Revisiting the Ordoliberal Foundations of the Social Market Economy
Some Peculiarities of Ordoliberalism (in Comparative Perspective)
The Historical Origins of Ordoliberalism: The Great Depression
The Nazi Era: Working on the Theoretical Foundations of Ordoliberalism
Ordoliberalism and Nazism
The Early Triumph of Neoliberalism: Ordoliberalism in the Era of West German Reconstruction
The Social Market Economy as the Launch Vehicle of Ordoliberal Concepts
Conclusion
Notes
References
4. The Rise of the Chicago School of Economics and the Birth of Neoliberalism
The Rise of the Chicago School of Economics and the Birth of Neoliberalism
American Road Repairs: Hayek and Simons
Mont Pèlerin, Chicago, and the Postwar Construction of Neoliberalism
Road Kill in Chicago
Friedman Hits the Road
Notes
Archival Sources
References
Part Two: Arguing Out Strategies on Targeted Topics
5. The Neoliberals Confront the Trade Unions
The Sanguine Neoliberal Attitude toward Unions
The Neoliberal Big Chill
Reprise
Notes
References
6. Reinventing Monopoly and the Role of Corporations: The Roots of Chicago Law and Economics
Introduction
Chicago and the Ordoliberals Set Out in Sweet Harmony
Haunted by Classical Liberalism: The Early Years of the FMS
The Birth of Neoliberalism: Monopoly Is Not the Great Enemy of Democracy
Aaron Director
Milton Friedman
Edward Levi
Pro-Trust Antitrust: The Antitrust Project
Exclusionary Practices: What Exclusion?
Conclusion
Notes
Archival Sources
References
7. The Origins of the Neoliberal Economic Development Discourse
Neoliberalism and Development (Economics) Reconsidered
When and How Did Development Arrive on the Neoliberal Agenda?
The Cold War and the Invention of Underdevelopment
The 1951 Beauvallon Conference: Export-Oriented Traditional Production
Röpke’s Early State of the Neoliberal Art in Development
The Bandung Era: Consolidation of the Third World
Apropos Decolonization: Feeble Liberalism Abroad and at Home: St. Moritz
Princeton, 1958: The “New Orthodoxy” and the Impertinence of Foreign Aid
Conclusion: 1950s Pluralism in Development Theory
Notes
References
MPS Papers Quoted (Liberaal Archief)
8. Business Conservatives and the Mont Pèlerin Society
Seeking a Bible of Free Enterprise
Finding the Prophet
Building the Church: The First American Meeting
Notes
Part Three: Mobilization for Action
9. The Influence of Neoliberals in Chile before, during, and after Pinochet
Introduction
Setting the Stage
Arranging the Transfer of Neoliberal Ideas: The Catholic University–Chicago Connection
New Projects of the Right: A New Party and the Gremialista Movement
Building Up Networks: Big Business, Neoliberal Economists, and the Military
Radical Market Reform under Military Rule
The Neoliberals’ Ascent (1975–1978)
Public Choice Theory in Practice: Seven Modernizations (1979–1981)
“Authoritarian Freedom”: A Hayekian Constitution for Chile
Crisis and Restructuring of the Neoliberal Project (1982–1989)
Continuity of the Neoliberal Project after the Transition to Democracy
Conclusion: The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same
Notes
References
10. Taking Aim at the New International Economic Order
Revolution from Within? The New International Economic Order at the UN
Dissent on Development: Haberler, Brunner, Bauer, and Lal on Trade and Aid
The UNCTC and the Battle for a Code of Conduct
The Heritage Foundation’s United Nations Assessment Project
Notes
References
11. How Neoliberalism Makes Its World: The Urban Property Rights Project in Peru
The Urban Property Rights Project in Peru
Notes
References
Postface: Defining Neoliberalism
Wayward Wikipedia
Mont Pèlerin as Criterion
A Neoliberal Primer
Freedom and the Double Truth of Neoliberalism
Notes
References
List of Contributors
Index
Index