The River: A Journay to the Source of HIV and AIDS

Contents
Cast of Characters
Foreword, by Professor Bill Hamilton

Prologue: A Note on Sources — And Exploring Rivers
Introduction: John Snow and the Water Pump

I
the river in cross section: frozen moments of flow
Frozen in Time: 1959
Frozen in Space: A Rural Epicenter in Africa

II
from trickle to flood: the early spread of AIDS

“A Mysterious Microbe”: Early Evidence of AIDS in North America
High Days and Holidays: The Haitian Interchange
Early Traces in Europe
HIV and AIDS in Central Africa
False Positives, and the Specter of Contamination
The Manchester Sailor
AIDS in the Pre-AIDS Era?

Contents
Theories of Origin, Propounded and Refuted
Gerry Myers and the Monkey Puzzle Tree

III
a new hypothesis of source

AIDS and Polio Vaccines
The Race to Conquer Polio: Early Research and Inactivated Polio Vaccines
The Race to Conquer Polio: Oral Polio Vaccines
Dr. Dick and Dr. Dane
“What Happens When Science Goes Bad”
Louis Pascal
The Counterattack Begins

IV
european feeders

An Untimely Passing
The Congo Trials
Primate Immunodeficiency Viruses
Pierre Lépine and the Pasteur Institute
The Norwegian Sailor
Switzerland and Sweden
An Introduction to HIV-2
Paul Osterrieth and Fritz Deinhardt
The Quieting of Louis Pascal

V
the passage through the pools 375

A Man of Many Ideas
Hilary Koprowski — Opening Moves
The West Coast Trials
The East Coast Trials — And the Question of Informed Consent
At the CDC
Tom Norton
Contents

Hilary Koprowski — End Game
Other Views, Other Voices — From Lederle to the Wistar
David Ho

VI
whirlpools and sinkholes

Bill Hamilton
The Two Sailors
From the Archives
Ghislain Courtois
Stanley Plotkin
Le Laboratoire Médical de Stanleyville
The Chimpanzees
The Belgian Vaccine
The Threats Begin
Alexandre Jezierski

VII
charting the course

The HIV-2 Enigma
Infection by Mouth
Preston Marx and an Alternative Hypothesis
Natural or Iatrogenic Transfer?
What Happened at Letchworth and Clinton
What Happened at Lindi
Where CHAT Was Fed
Correlations with Early HIV and AIDS
Starburst and Dispersal
Dead Ends and Hidden Bends

VIII
how a river is born

The Rechanneling of History
When the Levee Breaks

Postscript
Appendices

A. Arguments For and Against the OPV/AIDS Hypothesis
B. Experiments and Investigations That Could Be Conducted
to Shed Further Light on the OPV/AIDS Hypothesis

Acknowledgments
Notes
Glossary
Index