Conflict over cultural heritage has increasingly become a standard part of war. Today, systematic exploitation, manipulation, attacks, and destruction of cultural heritage by state and non-state actors form part of most violent conflicts across the world. Such acts are often intentional and based on well-planned strategies for inflicting harm on groups of people and communities. With this increasing awareness of the role cultural heritage plays in war, scholars and practitioners have progressed from seeing conflict-related destruction of cultural heritage as a cultural tragedy to understanding it as a vital national security issue. There is also a shift from the desire to protect cultural property for its own sake to viewing its protection as connected to broader agendas of peace and security. Concerns about cultural heritage have thus migrated beyond the cultural sphere to worries about the protection of civilians, the financing of terrorism, societal resilience, post-conflict reconciliation, hybrid warfare, and the geopolitics of territorial conflicts. This volume seeks to deepen public understanding of the evolving nexus between cultural heritage and security in the twenty-first century. Drawing on a variety of disciplines and perspectives, the chapters in this volume examine a complex set of relationships between the deliberate destruction and misuse of cultural heritage in times of conflict, on the one hand, and basic societal values, legal principles, and national security, on the other.
Author(s): Claire Finkelstein, Derek Gillman, Frederik Rosén
Series: Ethics, National Security, and the Rule of Law
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 493
City: New York
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Contributors
List of Abbreviations
Introduction: Cultural Heritage and Armed Conflict: Preserving Art While Protecting Life • Frederik Rosén
PART I. THE VALUE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
1. Preserving Valuable Objects and Sites, in Times of War and at Other Times • Derek Gillman
2. The “Cultural Turn” and the Reconstruction of Heritage • Helen Frowe and Derek Matravers
3. Mission Impossible: Weighing the Protection of Cultural Property against Human Lives • Frederik Rosén
4. Weaponizing Culture: A Limited Defense of the Destruction of Cultural Heritage in War • Duncan MacIntosh
5. The Concept of Cultural Genocide • Martin Hamilton
PART II. LEGAL AND SECURITY ASPECTS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION
6. Combating Illicit Trade in Cultural Objects to Defend Peaceand Security • Kristin Hausler and Andrzej Jakubowski
7. Cultural Property Protection in the Context of Counter Terrorist Financing: An Emerging Legal Paradigm • Ricardo A. St. Hilaire
8. Non-Party Obligations for Cultural Property in Armed Conflict under the 1954 Hague Convention, Protocol II • Elizabeth Varner
9. The International Criminal Court and Cultural Property: What Is the Crime? • Mark A. Drumbl
10. Training for Cultural Property Protection • Laurie W. Rush
PART III. HEALING THE PAST: REPATRIATION OF STOLEN ART AND CULTURE
11. Wartime Loot in American Museums: Lessons from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston • Victoria Reed
12. Nazi Looting and Internal and External Colonial Plundering: Differences in Responses • Jos van Beurden
13. Syrian and Iraqi Opinion on Protecting, Promoting, and Reconstructing Heritage after the Islamic State • Benjamin Isakhan and James Barry
14. The Geopolitical Context of Cultural Heritage Destruction • Carsten Paludan-Müller
Index
