Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Dedication
List of Contributors
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine in the USA
Sleep Medicine in Canada
Zachary L. Adirim1 and Brian J. Murray1,*
BACKGROUND
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN CANADA
Insomnia
Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Restless Legs Syndrome
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
CURRENT PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE
Facilities
PRACTITIONERS & TRAINING SYSTEMS
Physicians
Technologists
Dentists
Psychologists
Professional Societies, Regulatory Bodies and Guidelines
Professional Societies
Regulatory Bodies
Practice Guidelines
Driving Regulations
CHALLENGES TO THE PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN CANADA
Financial Coverage for Care
Access to Care
Conflict of Interest
PATIENT GROUP CONSIDERATIONS
Socioeconomic
Indigenous Populations
Ethnicity
CANADIAN SLEEP MEDICINE NEEDS & OPPORTUNITIES
Shift Work
Light and Circadian Problems
Data Repositories
Genetic Diversity
Home Polysomnography
THE COVID-19 ERA & TELE-SLEEP MEDICINE
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Mexico
Ulises Jiménez Correa1,* and Horacio Balám Álvarez García1
INTRODUCTION
CLINICAL AND BASIC RESEARCH TOPICS
Sleep Medicine and Education
Scientific Societies Studying Sleep
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine
Cultural Factors Affecting Sleep Medicine
CHALLENGES IN SLEEP MEDICINE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Australia
Nicole Grivell1,2, Alexander Sweetman1,2, Nicole Lovato1,2, Andrew Vakulin1,2 and Ching Li Chai-Coetzer1,2,3,*
THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
CURRENT PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN AUSTRALIA
Sleep Medicine Practitioners
Sleep Medicine Training in Australia
Sleep Study Testing and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Management
Insomnia Management
PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS WITHIN AUSTRALIAN SLEEP MEDICINE
Australasian Sleep Association
Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand Sleep Science Association
Sleep Health Foundation
Australian Practice Guidelines
FACTORS INFLUENCING ACCESS TO SLEEP HEALTH CARE
Barriers to OSA Management
Barriers to Insomnia Care
Cost of Treatments
Sleep Health Care for Indigenous Australians
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine Practice and Training in SaudiArabia
Sleep Medicine in the United Arab Emirates
Preeti Devnani1,*, Sobia Farooq2, Kelly L Huffman1, Ayesha Ahmed1 and Hadie Rifai3
INTRODUCTION
HEALTHCARE INFRASTRUCTURE
MEDICAL COVERAGE
Sleep Disorders in the UAE
Sleep Disordered Breathing
Restless Leg Syndrome
NARCOLEPSY
Sleep Medicine in the UAE
Regulation of Driving Licenses in Regard to Sleep-disordered Breathing
Dental Services for Sleep Apnea in the UAE
Behavioral Sleep Medicine
Culturally Adapting CBTi
Mental Health and Sleep
Barriers
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Hong Kong – Development, Knowledge Gaps and Future Challenges
K.L. Choo1,*, A.M. Li2, J.W. Chan3,4, V.K.H. Lam4 and Y.K. Wing3,4
INTRODUCTION
EARLY SLEEP RESEARCH AND SLEEP LABORATORIES IN HONG KONG
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Cases with Multidisciplinary Input
RESPIRATORY SLEEP MEDICINE IN HONG KONG
Sleep Service Challenges
Role of Home Sleep Assessment Tests (HSAT)
Public Medical (Hospital Authority) Sleep Laboratory Service Model for Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Respiratory Sleep Medicine training
PAEDIATRIC SLEEP MEDICINE IN HONG KONG
The Burden of Pediatric Sleep Problems
THE SERIOUSNESS OF PEDIATRIC SLEEP PROBLEMS IS NOT RECOGNIZED
THE WAY FORWARD IN PAEDIATRIC SLEEP MEDICINE
SLEEP MEDICINE AND PSYCHIATRY IN HONG KONG
Sleep Problems are Common in Psychiatry
Circadian Disruptions and Psychiatric Illnesses
Sleep Interventions are Effective but Mostly not Readily Accessible
In-attended Sleep Study and Psychiatry
The Way Forward - Need to Develop Sleep Medicine in Psychiatry
SLEEP TECHNOLOGISTS TRAINING IN HONG KONG
Credentialing and Continuing Education
SLEEP SPECIALIST TRAINING AND INTERNATIONAL SLEEP MEDICINE EXAMINATION
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN HONG KONG
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in China
Liyue Xu1, Chenyang Li1 and Fang Han1,*
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
DEVELOPMENT OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN CHINA
SLEEP EDUCATION AND SLEEP RESEARCH
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
ACADEMIC AND PATIENT ORGANIZATIONS
CHALLENGES
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine in Lebanon
Marie-Louise M. Coussa-Koniski1,*, Christy Costanian1 and Alain Michel Sabri2
INTRODUCTION
WHAT TYPE OF FACILITIES PROVIDE CARE AND WHAT TYPE OF PRACTITIONERS ARE INVOLVED IN SLEEP MEDICINE?
Sleep Medicine Training
Sleep Technologists
Pediatric Sleep Medicine
Clinical and Research knowledge Gap
Large Population-based Studies about Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Lebanon are Lacking
What is Needed?
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Armenia
Haykuhi Hovakimyan1,2 and Samson G. Khachatryan1,2,*
INTRODUCTION
SLEEP AND CULTURE
Sleep Medicine Development in Armenia
Training in Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research
Sleep specialists visiting Armenia
Sleep Facilities and Services in Armenia
Armenian Sleep Disorders Association (ARSDA)
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN ARMENIAN POPULATION
Clinical and Basic Sleep Research
CHALLENGES AND GAPS OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN ARMENIA
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine in Turkey
Caner Sahin1,* and Gozde Orhan Kubat1
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
ACCREDITATION AND PRACTICE
Diagnostic Sleep Testing
Driving Regulations
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Military Service
Challenges to the Practice of Sleep Medicine
Clinical and Research Knowledge Gaps
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Past, Present, and Future Directions of Sleep Medicine in Thailand
Naricha Chirakalwasan1,2,3,*, Tayard Desudchit2,3,4, Aroonwan Preutthipan3,5,6, Khunying Nanta Maranetra3, Prapan Yongchaiyudh3, Chairat Neruntarat7,8, Yotin Chinvarun3,9 and Naiphinich Kotchabhakdi3,10
INTRODUCTION
THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN THAILAND
CHALLENGES TO THE PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN THAILAND
UNIQUE NEEDS OF THE SLEEP FIELD IN THAILAND
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Iran: Current Practice,Challenges, and Future Direction
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine in India
Nitika Dang1,*
OVERVIEW
EARLY DAYS OF SLEEP MEDICINE PAVING THE WAY FOR SLEEP LANDSCAPE IN INDIA TODAY
DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN STATE AND PRIVATE PROVIDERS
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN INDIA AND EARLIEST ROOTS IN “AYURVEDA”
SLEEP-TECH INFLUENCING SLEEP MEDICINE IN INDIA
THE PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
REGULATORY PRACTICES
THE PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE AND LAB ECOSYSTEMS
CHALLENGES, GAPS AND WAY FORWARD
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
NOTES
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Nepal: Practice Differences, Resources and Gaps in Knowledge
Narendra Bhatta1,*, Deebya Raj Mishra1, Avatar Verma1, Rejina Shahi1, Sion Hangma Limbu1, Srijan Katwal1 and Nishad Bhatta1
INTRODUCTION
NEPAL: COUNTRY PROFILE (INCLUDING A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF GEOPOLITICAL DATA AND HEALTH CARE SYSTEM)
Social-ecology of Sleep in Nepal
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC TOWARD SLEEP DISORDERS AND SLEEP MEDICINE
Magnitude of the Problems Sleep Disorders in Nepal
Current Position of Sleep Medicine in Nepal
Current Obstacles Facing of the Practice of Sleep Medicine in Nepal
Need to Incorporate Sleep Medicine in Medical School Curriculum and why Pulmonary Medicine Should Lead the Effort
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Disorders in Syria
Mohammed Zaher Sahloul1,* and Abdul Ghani Sankari2
AN OVERWHELMING CRISIS
BEFORE THE CONFLICT
THE IMPACT OF THE WAR ON THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR
A CRISIS OF REFUGEES AND DISPLACEMENT
FOUR HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS
THE PREVALENCE OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN SYRIA
THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN SYRIA
THE CHALLENGES FOR SLEEP MEDICINE IN SYRIA
Post Crisis Recovery and Reconstruction
RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES
Public Awareness Opportunities
CONCLUSION
DISCLOSURE
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine in Nigeria
Morenikeji Adeyoyin KOMOLAFE1, Oluwatosin Eunice OLORUNMOTENI2,*, Kikelomo Adebanke KOLAWOLE3, Olufemi K. OGUNDIPE4, Michael Bimbola FAWALE1, Akintunde Adeolu ADEBOWALE1, Ahmed Omokayode IDOWU5, Ahmad Abefe SANUSI5, Josephine Eniola A. EZIYI6 and Kolawole Samuel MOSAKU7
INTRODUCTION
Sleep Disorders in Nigeria
Evaluation and Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Nigeria
The Practice of Paediatric Sleep in Nigeria
CHALLENGES
Challenges of Awareness and Diagnosis
Challenges of Investigation
Challenges of Management
UNIQUE NEEDS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine and Surgery in Egypt: Evolution, Clinical Practice, Education and Research Services
Nevin Fayez Zaki1,* and Nesreen Elsayed Morsy2
INTRODUCTION
EGYPT IN WORDS
Geographical Position and Population
Medical Education System
Undergraduate Medical Education (UGME)
Postgraduate Medical Education (PGSM)
Continuous Medical Education (CME)
Health Care System
Scientific Research System
EVOLUTION OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN EGYPT ACROSS THE AGES
Ancient Egypt Era
Ancient Greek (Ptolemaic) and Romanian Era
Christian (Coptic) Era
Islamic Medieval Era
Modern Era
SLEEP MYTH AND PUBLIC MISCONCEPTIONS IN EGYPT
SLEEP MEDICINE EDUCATION IN EGYPT
Undergraduate Sleep Medicine Education
Postgraduate Sleep Medicine Education
Continuous Medical Education of Sleep Medicine
Sleep Technology Education
Barriers and Solutions
SLEEP MEDICINE PRACTICE IN EGYPT
Sleep Medicine Services Structure
Types of Sleep Medicine Services Facilities and Accreditation
Types of Sleep Medicine Practitioners
Patients
Sleep Medicine Practice Guidelines
Sleep Surgery in Egypt
Other Specialties Collaboration
Sleep Professional Societies and Regulatory Bodies
Barriers to Appropriate Care and its Solutions
SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH IN EGYPT: REAL SITUATION, BARRIERS IN THE SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS
Funding
Lack of Well-equipped Clinical and Experimental Laboratories
Lack of Well-trained Somnologists, Sleep Technicians, Full-time Job Sleep Researcher, Researcher Assistant or Research Nurses
Samples Collection
THE CURRENT SITUATION IN NUMBERS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Practice of Sleep Medicine in Zambia
Kondwelani John Mateyo1,*
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE
Challenges to Practice of Sleep Medicine
Patient Factors
Practitioner Factors
Healthcare System Barriers
Clinical and Research Knowledge Gap
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Brazil
Helena Hachul1,*, Daniel Ninello Polesel1, Karen Tieme Nozoe1, Dalva Poyares1, Monica Levy Andersen1 and Sergio Tufik1
TEXT
Geopolitical Data
Brazilian Public Health System
Sleep Education and Knowledge Diffusion in Brazil
Professional Sleep Associations and Societies
Epidemiological Data on Sleep Disorders
Professionals in the Field of Sleep Medicine
Diagnosis of Sleep Disorders
A1. The Presence of at least one of the following parameters:
A2. PSG examination or examination with a portable monitor, showing:
B. PSG examination or examination with a portable monitor, showing:
Practice Guidelines - Treatment of Major Sleep Disorders in the Country
Use of Internet Technologies
Main Areas of Basic and Clinical Sleep Research
Regulation of Driving Licenses
Authors’ Ambulatory Experience
CHALLENGES
CONCLUSION
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Argentina
Arturo Garay1,*, Carlos Franceschini2, Stella Valiensi3 and Vivian Leske4
INTRODUCTION
A BRIEF STORY OF THE SLEEP MEDICINE
ACCREDITATION SYSTEM OF PHYSICIANS ON SLEEP MEDICINE
EDUCATION
RESEARCH
The Argentinean Health System
Sleep Medicine Services in Hospitals
Demography. The Argentinean Sleep Medicine Census of 2020
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Portugal
Miguel Meira e Cruz1,2,*, Cláudio D’ Elia1 and Amélia Feliciano1,3
DEMOGRAPHIC AND GEOPOLITICAL DATA
PORTUGUESE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM
SLEEP EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION IN PORTUGAL
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA ON SLEEP DISORDERS
SPECIALIZATION IN THE FIELD OF SLEEP MEDICINE
REQUIREMENTS FOR ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF COMPETENCE IN SLEEP MEDICINE
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF SLEEP
CHRONOBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SLEEP
DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES FOR SLEEP DISORDERS
TREATMENT OF SLEEP DISORDERS
MANAGING A SMC
DIAGNOSIS OF SLEEP DISORDERS
PRACTICE GUIDELINES - TREATMENT OF MAJOR SLEEP DISORDERS IN THE COUNTRY
USE OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES
MAIN AREAS OF BASIC AND CLINICAL SLEEP RESEARCH
CHALLENGES AND FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
CONCLUSION
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Austria
Rainer Popovic1,*, Michael T. Saletu2 and Reinhold Kerbl3
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
AUSTRIAN SLEEP RESEARCH ASSOCIATION
CHALLENGES TO PRACTICE SLEEP MEDICINE
CLINICAL AND RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Practice of Sleep Medicine in the United Kingdom (UK)
Timothy G. Quinnell1,*
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE IN THE UK
CHALLENGES TO PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
CLINICAL AND RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE GAP
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Sleep Medicine in Iceland – The Challenges of a Subarctic Small Nation
Erna Sif Arnardottir1,2,* and Jordan Cunningham2
INTRODUCTION
THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE
CHALLENGES TO PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE
CLINICAL AND RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE GAP
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Practice of Sleep Medicine in Lithuania
Evelina Pajėdienė1,*, Dalia Matačiūnienė2 and Eglė Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė3
INTRODUCTION
Geopolitical Data
Historical Background
Training in Sleep Medicine: Physician and other Professionals
Type of Practitioners Involved in Sleep Medicine and Available Diagnostic Tools
Available Treatment Methods and Reimbursement
Scientific and Professional Societies
Regulation of Driving Licenses and Practice Guidelines
Clinical and Fundamental Research
Use of Internet Technologies (Connected Objects)
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine in The Czech Republic
Sona Nevsimalova1,*, Ondrej Ludka2 and Jana Vyskocilova3
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
CURRENT PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE
CHALLENGES TO THE PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE
CLINICAL AND RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE GASP
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Practice of Sleep Medicine in Russia
Mikhail Bochkarev1,*, Lyudmila Korostovtseva1, Mikhail Agaltsov2, Natalya Leonenko3, Valeria Amelina1,3, Anatoly Alekhin3 and Yurii Sviryaev1
SLEEP MEDICINE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: STATE OF THE ART
PROFESSIONAL SLEEP-RELATED ASSOCIATIONS IN RUSSIA
EDUCATION IN SOMNOLOGY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF SLEEP MEDICINE
DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN PRACTICE
Psychological Approaches to Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Russia
CHALLENGES IN CLINICAL SOMNOLOGY IN RUSSIA
Geographical and Epidemiological Challenges
Availability of Sleep-related Healthcare Services
Patient Organizations in the Russian Federation
Cultural and Psychological Barriers
Lack of Clinical and Scientific Knowledge
EDUCATION IN SLEEP MEDICINE: CHALLENGES AND WAYS OUT OF PROBLEMS
CONCLUSION
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
FUNDING
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Subject Index
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