The Plant Hormone Ethylene: Stress Acclimation and Agricultural Applications presents current knowledge on our understanding of ethylene perception and signaling, its role in the regulation of plant physiological processes, and its contribution to acclimation in stressful environments.
Plants regularly face environmental constraints due to their immobile nature. In persistently changing environmental conditions, several stress factors influence cellular metabolism, ultimately causing reduced plant growth and development with a significant loss in agricultural productivity. Sustainable agriculture depends on the acclimation of plant processes to the changing environment through altered physiological and molecular responses, which are controlled by plant hormones, including ethylene. Ethylene interacts with other plant hormones and signaling molecules to regulate several cellular processes, plant growth and development, and, ultimately, crop productivity.
This book begins with an introduction to ethylene before providing a detailed study of the latest findings on the role of ethylene in plants, including its role in photosynthetic processes, flower development, leaf senescence, nutrients acquisition, and regulation of abiotic stress responses as well as its application in agriculture. The book is an ideal guide for researchers exploring plant physiology and biochemistry as well as for those investigating the use of ethylene knowledge in agriculture in persistently changing environmental conditions.
Author(s): Nafees A. Khan, Antonio Ferrante, Sergi Munné-Bosch
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 248
City: London
Cover
The Plant Hormone Ethylene: Stress Acclimation and Agricultural Applications
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1: Ethylene: A gaseous signaling molecule with diverse roles
1. Ethylene: A gaseous hormone: A general account
2. Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling
3. Approaches to ethylene action with and without ethylene modulators
4. Ethylene and plant responses: A general aspect
5. Crosstalk of ethylene with other plant hormones
6. Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Ethylene in chloroplast development and photosynthetic performance
1. Introduction
2. Ethylene impact on chloroplast development in seedlings
3. Impact of ethylene on photosynthetic performance
3.1. Chlorophyll content
3.2. Energy dissipation
4. Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: The role of ethylene in photosynthate partitioning and source-sink modulation in crops
1. Introduction
2. Carbon uptake and fixation
2.1. Stomatal regulation by ethylene
2.2. Effect of ethylene on the light reactions of juvenile leaves
2.3. Ethylene inhibits photosynthesis by stimulating senescence in older leaves
2.4. Ethylene controls the carboxylation reactions of the Calvin-Benson cycle
3. Photosynthate partitioning
3.1. Phloem loading and ethylene
3.2. Phloem unloading and ethylene
3.3. Sugar signaling and crosstalk with ethylene
4. Source-sink modulation
5. Stress ethylene modulates crop yield
6. Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Ethylene in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination: Molecular mechanisms
1. Introduction
1.1. What is seed dormancy?
1.2. Dormancy release
1.3. Hormonal regulation of seed dormancy
1.4. Involvement of ROS in seed dormancy regulation
2. Ethylene in plants
3. Effects of ethylene on seed germination and dormancy
3.1. Effect of exogenous C2H4 on breaking of primary and secondary dormancies and improving seed germination
3.2. Relationship between ethylene, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
4. C2H4 biosynthesis during germination
5. Ethylene signaling in seed germination
5.1. Ethylene perception and transduction
5.2. Downstream ethylene signaling pathways: ERFs and beyond
6. Ethylene interplay with plant hormones
7. Interplay of ethylene with ROS
8. Conclusion and perspectives
References
Chapter 5: Ethylene in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination: Biodiversity matters
1. Introduction
2. Biodiversity of seed dormancy
3. Biodiversity and ethylene effects in seed dormancy and germination
4. Seed biodiversity and ethylene
4.1. Seed heteromorphism
4.2. Seed coat permeability
4.3. Nature of seed reserve
4.4. Ethylene in the soil as a stimulator of seed germination
5. Concluding remarks and further perspectives
References
Chapter 6: Ethylene as a plant aging modulator
1. Introduction
2. Ethylene: From germination to death
2.1. Ethylene during seed germination
2.2. Ethylene-mediated leaf growth
2.3. Ethylene and the floral transition
2.4. Ethylene is a strong inducer of senescence
3. Interaction between ethylene and other hormones during development and senescence
3.1. Ethylene and abscisic acid
3.2. Ethylene interaction with the stress-hormone jasmonic acid
3.3. Ethylene-cytokinin interactions
4. Conclusion: Ethylene as a key modulator of plant aging
References
Chapter 7: Ethylene in the regulation of major biotechnological processes
1. Introduction
2. Regulation of plant growth by ethylene in agrobiotechnological processes
2.1. Ethylene in modification of plant growth and plant architecture
2.2. Ethylene in adventitious root formation
2.3. Ethylene treatments for plant growth inhibition, leaf defoliation and desiccation
3. Influence of ethylene on plant reproductive organs
3.1. Ethylene and modification of male-to-female ratio
3.2. Ethylene in induction of male sterility
3.3. Ethylene in modulation of flowering, grain filling and grain size
3.4. Ethylene and flower longevity
3.5. Ethylene in regulation of seed germination and dormancy
3.6. Ethylene in control of tuber and bulb dormancy
4. Regulation of fruit set and common agronomic practices using ethylene
4.1. Ethylene in fruit set
4.2. Ethylene for fruit development and ripening
4.3. Ethylene in fruit thinning
4.4. Ethylene in promoting and preventing fruit abscission
5. Conclusions and future prospects
References
Chapter 8: Ethylene and horticultural crops
1. Introduction
2. Brief overview of ethylene biosynthesis and sensitivity in horticultural crops
3. Ethylene protection using inhibitors of biosynthesis or action, removal systems
4. Fruit ripening and senescence
5. Leafy vegetables and ethylene
6. Ethylene and ornamentals
7. Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Ethylene in floriculture
1. Introduction
2. The cut flower industry
3. What happens during flower senescence and what triggers it?
4. How does ethylene regulate floral senescence?
5. How does ethylene interact with other plant growth regulators?
5.1. ABA
5.2. JA, SA, and brassinosteroids
5.3. Cytokinins and GA
5.4. Auxin
6. How can we intervene to delay floral senescence?
7. Non-GM treatments to reduce endogenous ethylene production
8. Non-GM treatments to reduce ethylene signaling
9. Environmental interventions in ethylene-dependent floral senescence
10. Genetic manipulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling
10.1. Reducing ethylene biosynthesis
10.2. Reducing ethylene signaling
11. Conclusions and future prospects
References
Chapter 10: Ethylene and cellular redox management in plants
1. Introduction
1.1. Background
2. Components of the cellular redox system
2.1. Glutathione (and GSH/GSSG ratio)
2.2. Ascorbate
2.3. NAD+/NADH
2.4. Thioredoxins
2.5. Tocopherol
2.6. Superoxide dismutase
2.7. Catalase
2.8. Ascorbate peroxidase
2.9. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase
2.10. Monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroacsorbate reductase
3. Cellular redox system components under abiotic stresses
3.1. Heavy metals stress
3.2. Salinity stress
3.3. Drought stress
4. Major protectors of the cellular redox system components
4.1. Mineral nutrients
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorus
4.2. Phytohormones
5. Ethylene
5.1. Biosynthesis
5.2. Role in growth and development
5.3. Role in management of cellular redox system components under major abiotic stresses
Salinity
Drought
Metals/metalloids stress
UV-B and heat, chilling and flooding stresses
6. Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 11: Ethylene as a modulator of redox reaction
1. Introduction
2. Role of ethylene in abiotic stress tolerance
2.1. Salt tolerance regulated positively as well as negatively by ethylene in plants
2.2. Ethylene modulates flood adaptation in plants
2.3. Metal tolerance improved by increasing the ethylene level
2.4. Ethylene maintains plant yield by regulating temperature stress
3. Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Ethylene interplay with metabolites in crops
1. Introduction
2. Ethylene biosynthesis, effects of inhibitors and antagonists
3. Ethylene effects on ripening
4. Ethylene effects on other physiological mechanism in plants
5. Ethylene and its cross talk with signaling molecules to increase stress tolerance
6. Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Crosstalk between ethylene and mineral nutrients in regulation of morphophysiological traits and nutrients ho ...
1. Introduction
2. Root morphology is affected by ethylene to modulate nutrient uptake
3. Crosstalk of ethylene with auxin and nitric oxide for modulation of root architecture to maintain nutrient homeostasis
4. Ethylene interaction with different nutrients: Deficiency or excess
4.1. Potassium
4.2. Nitrogen
4.3. Phosphorus
4.4. Sulfur
4.5. Calcium
4.6. Magnesium
4.7. Iron
4.8. Zinc
4.9. Manganese
4.10. Copper
4.11. Selenium
5. Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 14: Ethylene in abiotic stress tolerance in crops
1. Introduction
2. Salinity stress and ethylene
3. Drought stress
4. Low and high temperatures stress
5. Nutritional deficiency
6. Heavy metals and ethylene in plants
7. Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Ethylene and biotic stress in crops
1. Introduction
2. Insect and ethylene
2.1. Overview
2.2. Insect herbivores and ethylene
3. Pathogens and ethylene
3.1. Overview
3.2. Pathogens and ethylene
References
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