This book will expound the latest information on the current state of persimmon genomics and transcriptomics, with a particular focus on the latest findings and analysis in relation to the most important agronomic traits. The genus Diospyros contains about 400 species distributed all continents of the globe. Most of Diospyros species are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions, while cultivated persimmon or simply kaki (Diospyros kaki) originates in East Asia and has been grown in China, Japan and Korea for many years. World production of persimmon has been increasing continuously since 1990s, with China being the most producer. Outside Asia, kaki production has been rapidly increasing in Spain in recent years. Because kaki is mostly hexaploid (2n = 6x =90) and its genome size is quite large with the flow cytometric analysis estimation of about 900 Mb, genetic and molecular studies in persimmon are quite complicated. Diploid close relatives of kaki, D. lotus and D. oleifera have been recently used as model species of kaki. Utilizing these species, molecular basis of several economically molecular basis of important traits such as sexuality and astringency has been studied, giving important information for kaki breeding.
Author(s): Ryutaro Tao, Zhengrong Luo
Series: Compendium of Plant Genomes
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 182
City: Cham
Preface to the Series
Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
1 History and Current Status of Worldwide Production
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Origin and Early Diffusion
1.3 Evolution of the Worldwide Production
1.4 Evolution of the Production Among Continents
1.5 Evolution by Country
1.5.1 Persimmon Production in Asian Countries
1.5.2 Persimmon Production in European Countries
1.5.3 Persimmon Production in American Countries
1.5.4 Persimmon Production in Oceanic Countries
References
2 Origin, Evolution, Taxonomy and Germplasm
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Origin and Evolution of Persimmon
2.2.1 Ancestor of Persimmon
2.2.2 Evolution of Persimmon
2.2.3 Origin of PCNA Persimmon
2.3 Taxonomy of Persimmon
2.4 Germplasm of Diospyros and Persimmon
2.4.1 Genetic Resources of Diospyros
2.4.2 Genetic Resources of Persimmon
References
3 Scion Cultivar Breeding
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Seedling and Bud Mutant Selection
3.2.1 Seedling Selection
3.2.2 Natural Bud Mutant
3.2.3 Artificial Bud Mutant
3.3 Genetics of Fruit Traits
3.3.1 Astringency Type
3.3.2 Fruit Ripening Time
3.3.3 Fruit Weight
3.3.4 Cracking Habits
3.3.5 Soluble Solids Concentration
3.3.6 Flesh Firmness and Juiciness
3.3.7 Seedlessness Caused by Changes in Ploidy Level
3.4 Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) for Discriminating PCNA
3.4.1 Japanese PCNA
3.4.2 Chinese PCNA
3.5 Breeding Activities and Achievements
3.5.1 Japan
3.5.2 China
3.5.3 Korea
3.5.4 Italy, Spain, Ukraine, and Brazil
References
4 Rootstock Breeding and Propagation
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Breeding
4.2.1 Breeding for Dwarfing Rootstocks
4.2.2 Selection of Dwarfing Interstocks
4.2.3 Selection of Dwarfing Rootstocks
4.2.4 Future Perspectives
4.2.5 Breeding for Salinity Tolerance
4.2.5.1 Selection of Salt-Tolerant Genotypes
4.2.5.2 Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance
4.3 Micropropagation of Persimmon Rootstocks
4.3.1 Culture Establishment
4.3.2 Shoot Multiplication
4.3.3 Rooting
4.3.4 Transplanting to Ex Vitro Conditions
4.3.5 Future Perspectives
References
5 Diospyros Lotus Genome
Abstract
5.1 Potential of Genome Information in the Wild Relatives of Persimmon
5.2 Draft Genome Sequences in D. Lotus
5.3 New Functions Established via the Lineage-Specific Genome-Wide Duplications
5.4 Evolution of the Sex Chromosome
5.5 D. Lotus Genome Shed Light on the Insights into the Transition into Dioecy Associated with Duplication Events
5.6 Application of the D. Lotus Genome Information and Future Prospects
Acknowledgements
References
6 D. Oleifera Genome
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 D. Oleifera Genome de Novo Assembly
6.3 Genomic Annotation
6.4 Comparative Genomic and Evolutionary Analyses
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 Chloroplast Genome of Diospyros Species
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Genome Sequencing, Assembly, and Validation
7.3 Gene Annotation and Repeat Identification
7.4 Analysis of Codon Usage in the Chloroplast Protein-Coding Genes of Diospyros Spp.
7.5 Comparison of Whole Chloroplast Genomes Sequences Among Ericales
7.6 Indel Identification and Relationships Among Diospyros cp Genomes
7.7 Exploitation of cpDNA Molecular Markers and Genetic Variation of Diospyros spp.
7.8 IR Analyzes
7.9 Phylogenetic Analysis
7.10 Conclusion
References
8 Sexual System and Its Evolution
Abstract
8.1 Introduction: Plant Sex
8.2 Floral Morphology Involving Sexuality in Diospyros species
8.3 The Evolution of Dioecy in Diospyros species
8.4 The Evolution of Plastic Sexuality: Environmental Sex Determination in Diospyros species
8.5 Y-Chromosome Evolution and Sexual Dimorphisms
References
9 Sex Expression in Chinese Persimmons
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Descriptors and Data Standard for MDGR
9.3 Introduction of 14 Representative MDGRs
9.4 Phytohormone and Integrated mRNA and miRNA Transcriptome Analyses of Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Sexual Differentiation of Andromonoecious Diospyros kaki Thunb.
References
10 Chinese PCNA
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Natural De-astringency Characteristics of C-PCNA
10.2.1 The Development of Tannin Cells
10.2.2 PA Composition in Persimmon Fruit
10.2.3 PA Accumulation Patterns
10.2.4 Response to Artificial De-astringency Treatment
10.3 Identification and Characterization of Natural De-astringency Associated Genes in C-PCNA Fruit
10.3.1 Structural Genes
10.3.2 Transcription Factors
10.3.3 microRNA
10.4 Molecular Markers Related to CPCNA Trait
10.5 Future Prospects
References
11 Japanese PCNA
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Inheritance and Breeding
11.2.1 Japanese- and Chinese-PCNA
11.2.2 Origin of J-PCNA
11.2.3 Breeding
11.2.4 Genetic Mapping of AST
11.3 Molecular and Biochemical Control
11.3.1 PA Biosynthesis Pathway
11.3.2 Gene Expression Dynamics Controlled by AST
11.3.3 Polymerization
11.3.4 Environment
11.4 Fruit Physiology
11.4.1 Tannin Cells
11.4.2 PA Insolubilization
11.4.3 Pleiotropic Effects
11.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
12 Fruit-Size Control
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Fruit Growth Patterns
12.3 Phytohormones
12.4 Genetic and Molecular Control
12.4.1 Knowledge from Model Plants
12.4.2 Insights from Breeding Practices
12.4.3 Small-Fruit Mutant TTN
12.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
13 Transcriptomics During Artificial Deastringency Treatment
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Effects of Artificial Treatments on Persimmon Fruit Astringency
13.3 Genome-Wide RNA-seq Analysis of Astringency Removal in Persimmon Fruit by Artificial Treatments
13.4 Conclusions
References
Appendix_1
