The Palgrave Handbook of Gender, Sexuality, and Canadian Politics offers the first and only handbook in the field of Canadian politics that uses 'gender' (which it interprets broadly, as inclusive of sex, sexualities, and other intersecting identities) as its category of analysis. Its premise is that political actors’ identities frame how Canadian politics is thought, told, and done; in turn, Canadian politics, as a set of ideas, state institutions and decision-making processes, and civil society mobilizations, does and redoes gender. Following the standard structure of mainstream introductory Canadian politics textbooks, this handbook is divided into four sections (ideologies, institutions, civil society, and public policy) each of which contains several chapters on topics commonly taught in Canadian politics classes. The originality of the handbook lies in its approach: each chapter reviews the basics of a given topic from the perspective of gendered/sexualized and other intersectional identities. Such an approach makes the handbook the only one of its kind in Canadian Politics.
Author(s): Manon Tremblay, Joanna Everitt
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 541
City: Cham
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction: Approaching Canadian Politics Through a Gender Lens
Introduction
The Living Tree: Social Transformations and Equality Considerations
Employing a Gender Lens on Canadian Politics
References
Part I: Ideologies
Chapter 2: Canadian Liberalism and Gender Equality: Between Oppression and Emancipation
Introduction
Gender, Sexualities, and Liberalism
Early Liberalism and Feminism
Three Waves of Feminism in Liberal Canada
Working with the Divide
Problematising the Divide
Challenging the Problematisation of the Divide
Black Feminist Feminism
Franco-Québécois Feminism
Indigenous Feminism
Lesbian Feminism
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Conservatism, Gender, and LGBTQ+ Equity Debates: An Ideological Clash?
Introduction
Gender and Conservative Ideology
Conservative Think Tanks and the LGBTQ+ Movement
Conservative Canadian Political Parties and Their Treatment of Gender Debates and LGBTQ+ Rights
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Socialism/Social Democracy: Ideologies of Equality in the Canadian Context
Introduction
Definitions: Socialism and Social Democracy
Historical Development of Socialism and Social Democracy
Socialism and Social Democracy in Canada
Gender and Sexuality
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Gender, Sexuality, and Nationalism in Canada: A Critical Reading
Introduction
Defining Nationalism: Critical Thoughts
English Canada Nationalism(s)
Quebec Nationalism(s)
Indigenous Nationalism(s)
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Gender and Sexuality: Indigenous Feminist Perspectives
Introduction
Native Peoples Are the Original Settlers
Indigenous Feminisms: Tradition, Gender, and Sexuality (I)
Indigenous Feminisms: Tradition, Gender, and Sexuality (II)
Colonialism and Heteropatriarchal Cultures and Laws
Stereotypes and Violence Against Indigenous Women and Girls
Indigenous Women’s Resilience, Resistance, and Resurgence
Indigenous Self-Determination and Feminist Solidarities
References
Part II: Institutions
Chapter 7: Mobilising Equality Through Canada’s Constitution and Charter: Milestones, or Missed and Even Mistaken Opportunities?
Introduction
The Meaning and Scope of Canada’s Constitution and Charter: An Overview
Canada’s Longer and More Complex Constitutional History
Building the Constitutional Equality Opportunity Structure from the 1960s Onwards
From Challenging and Dismantling the Equality Opportunity Structure to Invisibilising and Instrumentalising Equality and Diversity
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Prospects for a More Gender Equal Canada
Introduction
What Is Federalism?
What Does Federalism Achieve?
How Well Does Federalism Promote or Inhibit Equality? A General Assessment of Canada’s Record
How Well Does Federalism, in Conjunction with the Charter, Promote or Inhibit Gender and Sexuality Equality? Abortion and LGBTQ Rights as Illustrative Examples
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Canada’s Legislature: A (Gendered) Parliament for the People
Introduction
The Three Parts of Parliament
The Senate of Canada
Representation in the Upper House
Upper House Renewal
The House of Commons
Who’s in the House?
Scrutiny and Accountability
Representation(al) Matters
Parliamentary Culture: Hegemonic Masculinity and (Hetero)Sexist Norms
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Executives in Canada: Adding Gender and Sexuality to Their Representational Mandate
Introduction
The Formal Executive (Head of State)
The Political Executive: Prime Ministers and Premiers (Heads of Government)
Cabinets
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Public Administration and Government Services: Gendering Policymaking in Canada
Introduction
Understanding Canadian Public Administration
Gender and Public Administration in Canada
Feminism, the State, and Bureaucracy
Gender and the Public Service
Bureaucracy and Women’s Representation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: The Judiciary: Representation in Law and Justice Public Policy
Introduction
The Judiciary as the Third Branch of Government
Canadian Courts: Structure and Representation
Canada’s Court System
Judicial Appointments
Justice Public Policy
Court Challenges Program
Department of Justice: Gender-Based Analysis
Conclusion
References
Court Decisions
Chapter 13: Municipal/Local Politics: The False Pretences of the Municipal Level in Canada
Introduction
The Municipalities as “Creatures of the Provinces”
The Baldwin Act: The Foundational Moment of Municipalities in Canada
From Dillon Rule to Home Rule?
Property-Based Taxation: A Gradual Transformation
Municipal Jurisdictions: Living Environment and Economic Competition
From Property Services to Human Services
From Land-Use Planning to Creative Class
Groups, Public Policies, and the City
Gay Villages and the Neo-Liberal City
Politics: An Essentially Male and Heteronormative Democracy
Persistent Underrepresentation of Women in Municipal Politics
Representation of Sexual Diversity in Municipal Politics: Documentation Not in Yet
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: The Electoral System: The Gendered Politics of Institutions
Introduction
What Are Political Institutions?
Canada’s Electoral System and Gender
Franchise/Candidacies
Districting
Voting System
Reform
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Canada’s Political Parties: Gatekeepers to Parliament
Introduction
Parties and Descriptive Representation
Candidate Selection in Canada’s Parties
The NDP’s Candidate-Selection Process
Exploring Bias in the NDP’s Candidate-Selection Process
Conclusion
References
Part III: The Civil Society
Chapter 16: Public Opinion, Political Behaviour, and Voting: Exploring Diversity
Introduction
Who Participates and Why?
Type of Participation: Who Participates and How?
Motivations and Opportunities
How Are Attitudes and Preferences Formed?
The Funnel of Causality
The Impact of Long-Term Forces on Political Behaviour
The Impact of Short-Term Forces on Political Behaviour
Conclusions
References
Chapter 17: Watching the Watchdogs: The News Media’s Role in Canadian Politics
Introduction
Expected Role of the News Media in the Canadian Political System
The Professional Norms of Canadian Journalism
Media Challenges to Covering Canadian Politics
Media Representations of Canadian Politics and Politicians
Conclusions
References
Chapter 18: Social Movements: Full-Fledged Actors in Canadian Politics
Introduction
Defining Social Movements
Social-Movement Theories
Political Science
Pluralism and Neopluralism
Marxism and Neo-Marxism
Social-Movement Studies
Collective-Behaviour Theories
Resource-Mobilisation and Policy-Process Theories
New Social-Movement Theory
Some Roles of Social Movements in Canadian Politics
Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: The Gender Dynamics of Interest Group Politics: The Case of the Canadian Menstruators and the Campaign to Eliminate the “Tampon Tax”
Introduction
Defining Interest Groups
Interest Groups and Pluralism
Interest Groups and the Mobilisation of (Gender) Bias
Insider and Outsider Strategies of Interest Groups
Targets of Interest-Group Lobbying
Lobbying for Tax Fairness: The Case of Canadian Menstruators and the Tampon Tax
Conclusion
References
Part IV: Public Policy
Chapter 20: Beyond the Binary: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Canadian Foreign Policy
Introduction
Foreign Policy and Feminist Foreign Policy
Feminist Foreign Policy Defined
Definitions of Gender and Gender Identity, Expression and Sexual Orientation
LGBTQ2+ Persons in Canadian Policy: A (Brief) Historical Context
Embracing a Broader Definition of Gender Equality
A Critical Analysis of Canada’s Feminist Foreign-Policy Commitments
Global Affairs Canada and the Feminist International Assistance Policy
Canada’s National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security
Public Safety Canada
Department of Justice
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: A Feminist Account of Canadian Defence Policy
Introduction and Argument
A Feminist Defence Policy?
Feminist Responses to Defence Policy Topics
International Influences
Financial Influences
Public Opinion
Military Operations in Flux
International and Institutional Improvements
Canada’s Department of National Defence
Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Inflicting the White Man’s Burden: Colonial Intrusion into First Nation Women’s Lives
Introduction
Beliefs and Policies Impact First Nations People
Gradual Civilization Act, 1857
Federal Policy on Residential Schools
Amalgamated Indian Act, 1876
Treaties: Negotiated Agreements Between the Crown and First Nations
Beliefs and Policies That Impact First Nations Women
First Nations Women’s Experiences
Destabilising Community Through Patriarchy
Loss of Women’s Identity upon Marriage
Enfranchisement
The Double Mother Rule
Limiting Marriage Partners
Amendment to the Indian Act: Bill C-31
Political Inequality
Lingering Effects of Colonial Policy
Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Canadian Economic and Fiscal Policy: Questioning Markets’ Neutrality
Introduction
The Canadian Economy at a Glance
The Function of Allocation of Resources: Addressing Market Failures
Public Goods
Externalities
Natural Monopolies
Correcting Market Failures
The Function of Redistribution of Resources
Public Expenditures
Public Revenues
The Function of Stabilisation of the Economy
Gender Budgeting: Correcting Market Failures
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 24: The Shifting Politics of Health in Canada: Papanicolaou (Pap) Screening, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination, and Cervical Cancer Prevention
Introduction
Cervical Cancer Prevention in Canada: Two Distinct Approaches
Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer, HPV, and Other HPV-Related Cancers in Canada
Papanicolaou (Pap) Screening
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination
An Intersectional Analysis of Pap Screening and HPV Vaccination
Cervical Cancer Screening Among Marginalised Populations
HPV Vaccine Uptake and Perceptions of Risk
HPV Self-Sampling: A Promising Approach for Marginalised Populations
Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: Citizenship, Multiculturalism, and Immigration: Mapping the Complexities of Inclusion and Exclusion Through Intersectionality
Introduction
Theorising Citizenship and Its Formal and Substantive Aspects
Immigration Policy and Entry or Non-entry into Canadian Citizenship
Multiculturalism, Interculturalism, and Inclusion into Canadian Citizenship
A Policy Fixation on Muslim Women
Multiculturalism, Interculturalism, and the “Problem Citizen”
Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: Conclusions: Re-envisioning the Research and Teaching of Canadian Politics and Gender, Sexuality and Politics
Introduction
Main Findings
Ideologies
Institutions
Civil Society
Public Policy
Researching and Teaching Canadian Politics and Gender and Politics
The Fields of Canadian Politics and Gender and Politics
Research
Teaching
Conclusion
References
