The Palgrave Handbook Of Anti-Communist Persecutions

: Acknowledgments
: Contents
: List of Contributors
: List of Figures
: List of Tables
Introduction: Anti-Communist Persecutions in the Twentieth Century
The Phenomenon
The State of Research
Some Basic Observations
The Conceptual Framework of This Volume
The Structure of This Volume
Part I Policies and Practices of Persecution
The Smith Act Trials and Systemic Violence: Anti-Communist Persecution and Prosecution in America, 1949–1957
Introduction
Context: The 1949–1957 Smith Act Prosecutions
Gil Green
Sylvia Thompson
Prosecution, Persecution, and Violence
Conclusion
The Continuities and Discontinuities of Anti-Leftist State Persecution in Modern Japan
Introduction
The Origins of Japanese Socialism and Its Persecution During the Russo-Japanese War
From the End of the Russo-Japanese War to 1922
From Foundation to Suppression: The JCP, 1922–1945
MacArthur, the Cold War, and Anti-Communist Persecution
Conclusion
Unpublished Archival Sources
Franco’s Anti-Communist Judicial System: Results and Solutions of Spanish Transitional Justice
Introduction
The Repression of Workers’ Organizations in the Early Twentieth Century
Franco’s coup d’état and the Enemy Within
Repressive Laws
Reparation Measures
Conclusions
Laboratories of the Conditio Humana: The Role of Communism in Greek and Argentine Torture Centers During Their Last Military Dictatorships
Introduction
“The Only Safe Words Are Our Words”: Discursive Framings of the Fight Against Subversives and Communists
ESMA and Bouboulinas—Epitomes of the Repression
Breaking Minds and Coercing Obedience
“Turning Us into Traditional Women”: Sexual Violence as Part of Anti-Communist Torture Policies
Conclusion
Maoist Insurgency and the State’s Counterinsurgency in India: An Anti-Anti-Communist Historical Perspective
Introduction
Ghadrites, Militant Socialist Republicans and Early Communists Confronting Colonial Criminal Law
The Anarcho-Communist Ghadrs
Bhagat Singh and His Socialist-Republican Comrades
Early Communists
Aspects of Criminal Law Intended to Wipe Out Militant Politics
The CPI-Led Telangana Peasant Insurgency
Naxalite Insurgency and State Counterinsurgency, Phase One
Naxalbari
Srikakulam
The Baranagar–Kashipur Massacre
Bhojpur and “Other Naxalbaris”
Colonial-Style State Repression, Including Conspiracy Cases
Naxalite Insurgency and State Counterinsurgency, Phase Two
Andhra Pradesh, Particularly Northern Telangana
Naxalite Resistance and State Repression in Bihar
Full-Scale Counterinsurgency and a People’s Guerrilla Army
Maoist Insurgency and State Counterinsurgency, Phase Three
Capitalist Triumphalism and “Accumulation by Dispossession”
“Hunting” Down the Maoist Leadership in Andhra Pradesh
Maoist Resilience in Bastar
Connecting the Threads and Concluding Remarks
Getting Hold of a Universe of Conspirators: Anti-Communist Panic, Fears of Subversion, and the Routine of Repression in Senegal’s Early Postcolonial Secret Police (the Sûreté), 1962–1965
Introduction
The French Connection: Inheriting the Anti-Communist Fears of the Colonial Period
Between Threat and Fantasy: Investigating “Subversive” Movements
Running the Repression Machine: The Sûreté’s Onslaught Against “Communist Conspirators”
Conclusion
Part II Anti-Communism in the Context of Nation-Building, Race and Religion
How Anti-Communism Disrupted Decolonization: South Korea’s State-Building Under US Patronage
Introduction
“Liberation” and Occupation: Divided Occupation and Its Results in the South
Different American Policies in Japan and South Korea
South Korea’s Anti-Communist System in 1948
The Ruling Class in Postcolonial South Korea
Conclusion
Redefining the Outsider: Anti-Communist Narratives and the Student Massacre in Tlatelolco (1968)
Introduction
Summer 1968: The Student Movement Blooms
The Tlatelolco Massacre
The Olympics
Persecution and Its Justification
Weapons, Secret Agents, and Mexico’s Place in the Cold War
The Other Outsiders: Agents Provocateurs in the Movement
Conclusions
The Black and Red Scare in the Twentieth-Century United States
Introduction
Lynching, War, and Racial Violence
Racism, Anticommunism, and Foreign Policy
Civil Rights and Anti-colonialism as Communist Conspiracy
Conclusion
Christian Agency in Anti-Communist Persecution? British-Malaya and Indonesia in the 1950s and 1960s
Introduction: Beyond Sociotheology
Decolonization, Christian Communities, and Anti-Communist Violence in British Malaya and Indonesia
Christian Views in Times of Anti-communism
Anti-communism and Christian Missionary Zeal
The State, Anti-communism, and Christian Agency
Conclusions
Part III Anti-Communist Persecution and New Models of Capital Accumulation
Killing Communists: Stalinist Repression and the “Great Terror” in the Soviet Union
Introduction
The Impact of Mass Repression on the Party
Social Upheaval and Oppositional Politics
The Kirov Murder: Tragic Accident or Conspiracy?
Political Culture and Mass Participation
Associational and Family Ties
The Terror Winds Down
Conclusion
Nation-Building as Anti-Communist Violence: The Armed Forces in Cold War Argentina
Introduction
From Sarmiento to Perón: The Frustrated Attempts of National Integration
Anti-Peronism and the Cuban Revolution
The “Argentine Revolution” and Violent Modernization
From the Peronist Restoration to the Process of National Reorganization: State Terror as Nation-Building
Conclusion
Part IV The Role of Non-State Actors
Non-state Anti-Communism and Political Violence in Argentina and Uruguay, 1958–1973
Introduction
Anti-communist Organizations in the Long 1960s
Non-state Anti-communist Violence
Transnational Links and Alliances
Conclusions
The Religious Justification of Anti-Communist Persecutions in Greece (1920–1949)
Introduction
The Emergence of the Brotherhood and Its Early Anticommunism
The Greek Anticommunist State
The Golden Years of Anticommunism
Conclusion
From World War One to the Vanguard of Nazism? A Statistical Approach to the History of German Paramilitarism
Introduction
A Brief History of the Freikorps
Reasons for Postwar Violence: War Experience and Kriegsjugendgeneration
Freikorps and National Socialism
Summary
Conclusion
Archival Sources
The Persecution of Communists in Mao’s China
Introduction
The Persecution of Communists in the Anti-Rightist Campaign
The Cultural Revolution: A Nightmare for CCP Cadres
Conclusion
A Short History of Anti-Communist Violence in Colombia (1930–2018): Rupture with the Past or Rebranding?
Introduction
The Origins of Anti-communism in Colombia (1930–1966)
The Path to Anti-communist Violence in the Framework of the National Security Doctrine (1966–1982)
Genocidal Anti-communist Violence by a Fluid Perpetrator Bloc (1982–2010)
The Failed Attempt to End Anti-communist Violence (2010–2018)
Final Remarks: Anti-communism in Post-truth Geopolitics
Part V Responses of the Persecuted
“So That They Leave the Prison Cage as Conscious Revolutionaries”: How Polish Communists Used Prison
Introduction
The Self-Governing Komuna
The Komuna in Action
Komuna University
Conclusion
Women, Communism, and Repression in Interwar Poland: 1918–1939
Introduction
Communism and Its Persecution Under the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939)
Women as Political Prisoners
Violence and Resistance in Prison
Beyond Femininity and Motherhood
Conclusion
Indonesian Narratives of Survival in and after 1965 and Their Relation to Societal Persecution
Introduction
Sound History as an Additional Approach
Sociographical Profile
Self-Representation and Survival Strategies
Relationship to Society from 1965 to Today
Conclusion
Remembering Anti-Communist Violence in Rural Society in Indonesia: Patronage, Agricultural Transformation, and the Legacy of Violence
Introduction
The Anti-Communist Mass Killings
The History of a Village: Rural Elites and Violence in Donomulyo
Patronage in Memory-Making
Remembering the Anti-Communist Violence in Donomulyo Today
Conclusion
Archives
The Left in Turkey: Emergence, Persecutions and Left-Wing Memory Work
Introduction
The Heterogeneity of Turkey’s Left
The Left’s Double Persecution
Leftist Responses to Persecution
Conclusion
Part VI Concluding Remarks
Anti-Communist Persecutions Between Globe-Spanning Processes and Local Peculiarities
Introduction
Protagonists of Anti-Communism
Anti-Communist Persecutions as Accumulation by Dispossession
Anti-Communism and the Transformation of Statehood
Anti-Communist Persecution and Social Stereotyping
The Role of Women
To Conclude
Bibliography
Index