Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Topics
About the Editors
Contributors
A
Acton, Eliza
Definition
Introduction
Contributions to Cookery and Domestic Management
Innovations in English Cookery
Summary
Cross-References
References
Adaptation
Definition
Introduction
What Was Adapted?
Women Adapted
Women Adapting
Performance
Summary
Cross-References
References
Adventure Fiction
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Agriculture
Definition
Introduction
Poetry
Novels
Nonfiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Aguilar, Grace
Definition
Introduction
Critical Reception, Contemporary, and Current
Expanding Scholarship
Aguilar´s Domestic Ideals
Summary
Cross-References
References
Critical Literature
Alcohol/Alcoholism
Definition
Introduction
Mainstream Fiction
Temperance Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Aldersey, Mary Ann
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Alford, Lady Marian
Definition
Embroidery in Context
Brief Biography
Needlework as Art (1886)
Summary
Cross-References
References
American Civil War
Definition
Introduction
Interpreting the War: Harriet Martineau
Eyewitness Accounts for Abolition: Fanny Kemble
Transatlantic Exchanges: Stowe and ``The Stafford House Address´´
Summary
Cross-References
References
Anatomy Act
Definition
Setting the Stage for the Act: Body Snatching and Gender
Legacies of the Anatomy Act in Victorian Women´s Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Androgyny in Dress
Definition
Introduction
Androgynous Crossdressing
Masculine Women and Feminine Men
Feminist Androgyny: Rational Dress
Androgynous Utopian Dress
Summary
Cross-References
References
Anglo-Catholicism
Definition
Introduction
The Oxford Movement
Anglo-Catholic Women Writers
Cecil Frances Alexander
Dora Greenwell
Maria Francesca Rossetti
Christina Georgina Rossetti
Charlotte Yonge
Summary
Cross-References
References
Animal Rights
Definition
Introduction
Vegetarianism
Antivivisection
Complications
Summary
Cross-References
References
Anthropology
Definition
Introduction
Anthropological Ideas About Gender
Women in Anthropology
Archaeology
Anthropological Writing by Women
Summary
Cross-References
References
Armitage, Ella Sophia
Definition
Introduction
Biographical Information
Early Works on English History
Archaeology
Summary
Cross-References
References
Art Critics
Definition
Introduction
The Victorian Art World
Art Criticism: A Growing Field
Women Critics: Networks and Connections
Women Critics: Texts and Methodologies
Summary
Cross-References
References
Astronomy
Definition
Autobiography
Mathematical Astronomy
Popular Works
Poetry and Novels
Summary
Cross-References
References
At-Home Theatricals
Definition
Introduction
Overview
How to ``Get Up´´ a Play
Playwrights and Play Writing
Plays for Ladies
Juvenile and Didactic Theatricals
Acting Charades
Summary
Cross-References
References
Atkins, Anna
Definition
Introduction
Seashell Engravings: Anna and John Children
Seaweed Cyanotypes: A Lady and the Scientists
Ferns, Lace, and Feathers: Anna Atkins and Anne Dixon
Parting Words: Anna Atkins and John Children
Posthumous Plants: Anna Atkin´s Historical Legacy
Summary
Cross-References
References
Aurora Leigh (Barrett Browning)
Definition
Introduction
Plot
Themes and Issues
Summary
Cross-References
References
Autobiographical Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Recollecting One´s Past in Verse
The Autobiographical Lyric ``I´´
Fictional and Dramatized Autobiography in Verse
Summary
Cross-References
References
Autobiography
Definition
Genealogies
Cross-References
References
Autobiography (Martineau)
Definition
Introduction
Writing the Self
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ayrton, Hertha
Definition
Introduction
Education
Scientific Publications
Summary
Cross-References
References
B
Baillie, Joanna
Definition
Introduction
Life
Work
Poetry
Theatre Criticism
Drama
Editing
Correspondence
Cross-References
References
Bancroft, Marie
Definition
Introduction
The Plays
Summary
Cross-References
References
Barker, Lady Mary Anne
Definition
Introduction
Life in the Colonies
Writing Career
Summary
Cross-References
References
Barrett Browning, Elizabeth
Definition
Introduction: Looking for ``Grandmothers´´
Juvenilia and Earlier Works
Transatlantic Fame and A Poetics in Transition: The 1840s
Antislavery, Risorgimento, and ``Last´´ Poems
``Titanic Opera´´: The Legacy of Aurora Leigh
Summary
Cross-References
References
Baynton, Barbara
Definition
Introduction
Publication and Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Beeton, Isabella
Definition
Introduction
Life
Contributions to Women´s Health and Wellness
Breastfeeding
Wet Nurse
Caring for Others: Measles, Bleeding, and Clean Air
Summary
Cross-References
References
A Beleaguered City (Oliphant)
Definition
Introduction
Characterization
Plot
Analysis
Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Berenson, Mary Costelloe
Definition
Introduction
London and First Marriage
Italy and Art Historical Publications
Later Writings
Summary
Cross-References
References
Besant, Annie
Definition
Introduction
Education and Marriage
Politics and Social Reform
Religion and Science
Summary
Cross-References
References
Bird, Isabella
Definition
Introduction
Religion
Imperialism
Illness
Scientific Ambition
Globe-Trotting
Summary
Cross-References
References
Black Beauty (A. Sewell)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Blackburn, Helen
Definition
Introduction
Suffrage, Editorship, and Women´s Progress
Historical Collection
Summary
Cross-References
References
Blaze de Bury, Rose
Definition
Introduction
Life
Works
Summary
Cross-References
References
Blind, Mathilde
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
Friendships and Relationships
Later Life
Poetry
The Prophecy of St. Oran
The Heather on Fire
The Ascent of Man
Dramas in Miniature
Birds of Passage
Reviewing
Translation, Editing, and Biographical Writing
Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith
Definition
Introduction
Life
Woman´s Rights
Travelling and Painting
Summary
Cross-References
References
Botany
Definition
Introduction
Collecting
Preserving
Visualizing
Describing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Boucherett, Jessie
Definition
Women´s Networks and the Woman Writer
Journalism, Publishing, and Politics
New Writing for the New Woman Reader
Summary
Cross-References
References
Braddon, Mary Elizabeth
Definition
Introduction
Critical Hostility
Scandals
Other Genres
Critical Recovery and Scholarly Approaches
Summary
Cross-References
References
Brontë, Anne
Definition
Introduction
Life
Poetry
Agnes Grey
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
Summary
Cross-References
References
Brontë, Charlotte
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
The Author Emerges
Works
Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Brontë, Emily
Definition
Introduction
Poetry
Wuthering Heights
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Reading
Brooke, Emma Frances
Definition
Introduction
1844-1879
1880-1890
1891-1900
1901-1912
Summary
Cross-References
References
Broughton, Rhoda
Introduction
Later Works
Summary
Cross-References
References
Buckley, Arabella
Definition
Introduction
Life
Works
Science and Education
Summary
Cross-References
References
Buddhism
Definition
Introduction: Early Victorian Encounters with Buddhism
Victorian Women Writers and Buddhism
Summary
Cross-References
References
Burnett, Frances Hodgson
Definition
Early Life
Early Career
``Chestnuts off a Higher Bough´´
Children´s Fiction
Mid-career, Divorce, and Re-marriage
The Secret Garden and Her Later Career
Summary
Cross-References
References
Butler, Elizabeth Thompson
Definition
Introduction
Married Life
Literary Beginnings
Literary Works
Summary
Cross-References
References
Butler, Josephine
Definition
Introduction
Social Caring
Publishing: Political and Social Engagement for a Cause
Historical Sources, Biographies, Monographs, and Articles
Summary
Cross-References
References
C
Caddy, Florence
Definition
Biographical Summary
Her Focus, System, and Principles
Taste
Food
Snobbery
Education
Reactions to Mrs. Caddy´s Work
Summary
Cross-References
References
Caird, Mona
Definition
Introduction
Biographical Information
The Great Marriage Debate of 1888
Novels of Marriage, Novels of Vivisection
Summary
Cross-References
References
Cameron, Julia Margaret
Definition
Introduction
Life Writing
Historical and Classical Works
The Woman Question
Summary
Cross-References
References
Caribbean, The
Definition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Caribbean Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
Salomé Ureña
Lola Rodríguez de Tió
Summary
Cross-References
References
Carlyle, Jane Welsh
Definition
Life
Works
Summary
Cross-References
References
Carpenter, Mary
Definition
Introduction
Educational Reform and Juvenile Delinquency
Penal Reform
Education and Prison Reform in India
Summary
Cross-References
References
Cartwright, Julia
Definition
Introduction
Early Years and Literary Formation
Early Career and Influences During the 1870s
Cartwright´s Rise to Prominence in the 1880s and 1890s
Success as a Historian of the Italian Renaissance
Networks and Connections
Summary
Cross-References
References
Primary
Secondary
Catharine of Siena (Butler)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Chapbooks
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Children´s Fantasy
Definition
Introduction
Early Victorian Fantasy: Interruptions of the Real
Making Children and Fairy Tales ``Real´´
Gothic Fantasy for Children
Portal Fantasy: Fairyland and Empire
Modes of Publication
The Afterlives of Victorian Children´s Fantasy by Women
Summary
Cross-References
References
Children´s Hymns
Definition
Introduction
Hymn Books Edited by Women
Hymn Books Written by Women
Hymns Written by Women
Summary
Cross-References
References
Children´s Periodicals
Definition
Introduction
Girls´ Magazines
Amateur Contributions
The Publishing Industry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Children´s Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Unruly Children and Imperfect Childhoods
Innocent Children and Idealized Childhoods
Summary
Cross-References
References
Children´s Shakespeare, The (Nesbit)
Definition
Introduction
Nesbit´s Adaptation
Shakespeare and Victorian Women Writers
Summary
Cross-References
References
China
Definition
Introduction
Women´s Travel Writing and Questions of Form
Notable Women Travelers in China
Summary
Cross-References
References
China Inland Mission
Definition
Introduction
CIM Beginnings: From Bible Translation to Launching the Mission
Pioneer CIM Women Missionaries
Reception of CIM Missionaries
Silk Road Travelers: CIM Single Women Missionaries in Central Asia
Summary
Cross-References
References
Cholmondeley, Mary
Definition
Introduction
Ambivalent Feminist
Class Rebel
Recovery
Summary
Cross-References
References
Clerke, Agnes Mary
Introduction
Writings
Reception and ``New Astronomy´´
Summary
Cross-References
References
Clive, Caroline
Definition
Introduction
Early Years and Works
Literary Acclaim and Marriage
Paul Ferroll
Summary
Cross-References
References
Cobbe, Frances Power
Definition
Introduction
Historiography of Victorian Feminism
The Periodical Press
The Woman Question
Theological Writing and Anti-vivisection
Summary
Cross-References
References
Coleridge, Christabel Rose
Definition
Beginnings
Mature Career
Genres
Summary
Cross-References
References
Coleridge, Sara
Definition
Life and Works
Summary
Cross-References
References
Condition of Working Women and the Factory Acts, The (Boucherett and Blackburn)
Definition
Introduction
The Condition of Working Women and the Factory Acts
The Factory Acts
Women and Trade Unions
Women Inspectors
Summary
Cross-References
References
Contagious Diseases Acts, The
Definition
Introduction
Josephine Butler´s Crusade
The Contagious Diseases Acts in Victorian Women´s Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Cook, Eliza
Definition
Life and Works
Summary
Cross-References
References
Cookbooks
Definition
Introduction
Cookbooks and Victorian Identity
Summary
Cross-References
References
Corelli, Marie
Definition
Introduction
Life
Writings
Critical Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Corner, Julia
Definition
Introduction
Overview
Summary
Cross-References
References
Cosmopolitanism
Definition
Introduction
Transatlantic Abolitionism
The Jewish Question
Poetic Cosmopolitanisms
Indian Subject Matter
The Italian Question
``A Citizeness of the World Now´´
The ``Scramble for Africa´´ at Century´s End
Summary
Cross-References
References
Craik, Dinah Mulock
Definition
Introduction
Life
Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Crawshay, Rose Mary
Definition
Introduction
Early Married Life
A Decade of Activism
Widowhood
Summary
Cross-References
References
Crimean War, The
Definition
Introduction
The War and Its Immediate Aftermath, 1854-1857
Crimean War Nursing
Soldiers´ Wives
Beyond the Nineteenth Century
Summary
Cross-References
References
Croker, Bithia Mary
Definition
Introduction
Literary Associations
Irish Oppression
Mail Order Brides
Racial Prejudice in India and Burma
Short Stories
Summary
Cross-References
References
Cross, Victoria
Definition
Introduction
Life
Literary Career
Summary
Cross-References
References
Crowe, Catherine
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Cruttwell, Maud [Alice Wilson]
Definition
Formative Years
Art History Publications
France and Later Work
Summary
Cross-References
References
``Cry of the Children, The´´ (Barrett Browning)
Definition
Introduction
Impact and Readings
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
Cumming, Constance
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
D
Daisy Chain, The (Yonge)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Daniel Deronda (Eliot)
Definition
Introduction
Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Davies, (Sarah) Emily
Definition
Introduction
Life
Writings
Summary
Cross-References
References
Deafness
Definition
Introduction
Nonfiction
Fiction
Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Detective Fiction
Definition
Introduction
Sensation Fiction and the First Detective Novel
The Female Detective
Serialized Detective Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Devotional Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Christian Devotional Poetry
Jewish Devotional Poetry
Islamic Devotional Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Devotionals
Definition
Introduction
Devotional Places and Times
Models of Devotion
Devotional Writing as a Mode of Power
Formal Characteristics
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Reading
Disability
Definition
Introduction
Nonfiction
Fiction
Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Divorce Laws
Definition
Introduction
Parliamentary Divorce: An Expensive Three-Step Process
Parliamentary Divorce in the Press and Popular Fiction
Scottish Divorce
Divorce Alternatives Before and After 1857
The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857 and the New Matrimonial Court
Divorce in Fiction and the Press After the 1857 Act
Summary
Cross-References
References
Dolby, Anastasia Marie
Definition
Life and Works
Summary
Cross-References
References
Dougall, Lily
Definition
Life
Fiction
Theology
Summary
Cross-References
References
Dramatic Monologue
Definition
Introduction
Resistance and Conformity
Male Impersonation
Summary
Cross-References
References
Duff Gordon, Lucie
Definition
Introduction
Life
Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Duncan, Sara Jeannette
Definition
Early Life and Journalism
The Novels
Duncan as Playwright
Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Dutt, Toru
Definition
Translation, Poetry and Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
E
East Lynne (Wood)
Definition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Eastlake, Lady Elizabeth [Elizabeth Rigby]
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Eaton, Charlotte Ann
Definition
Introduction
British Patriotism During the Napoleonic Wars
Learned Englishwoman and the Italian Grand Tour
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ebsworth, Mary
Definition
Introduction
The Plays
Summary
Cross-References
References
Economics
Definition
Introduction
The Economics of Capitalism
Global Britain and Economics
Economic Thought
Working Women
The Economics of Marriage
Summary
Cross-References
References
Economics in Fiction
Definition
Introduction
Early Victorians: Martineau and Trollope
Mid-Century Victorians: Gaskell, Brontë, Eliot
Late-Century Victorians: Harkness, Levy, Egerton, Schreiner
Summary
Cross-References
References
Eden, Emily
Definition
Introduction
Travel Writing and Artistic Work
Novels
Summary
Cross-References
References
Editors
Definition
Introduction
Literary Annuals and Magazines
Professionalizing Female Editorship
Domestic Audiences
Popular Fiction
Editing in Male-Dominated Presses
Summary
Cross-References
References
Edwards, Amelia B.
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
Novels
Travel Writing: Italy and Egypt
Summary
Cross-References
References
Egerton, George
Definition
Introduction
Keynotes and Discords
Later Years
The New Woman
Summary
Cross-References
References
Egyptology
Definition
Introduction
Traveling to Egypt
Promoting Egyptology
Teaching Egyptology
Excavating Ancient Egypt
Cross-References
References
Ekphrasis
Definition
Introduction
Ekphrasis and the Sister Arts
Ekphrasis in Prose
Summary
Cross-References
References
Eliot, George [Mary Ann Evans]
Definition
Introduction
Translation and Journalism
Midlife: Fiction
Later Life: Fiction and Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Eliza Cook´s Journal
Definition
Contributors
Radical Essays
Short Stories and Sketches
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ellis, Sarah Stickney
Definition
Early Life
Marriage and Rise to Fame
Conduct Manuals
Fiction
Rawdon House School and Views on Education
Writings on Art and Aesthetics
Summary
Cross-References
References
English Woman´s Journal
Definition
The English Woman´s Journal, March 1858-August 1864
Introduction
The Langham Place Group
Origins of the Journal
Feminism, Victorian Propriety, and Tone
Structure and Content
The Beginning of the End for the English Woman´s Journal
Summary
Cross-References
Acknowledgment
References
Essays on Woman´s Work (Rayner Parkes)
Definition
Introduction
The Penniless Educated Woman
Women in Trade
Advancements in Education for Women
The Working-Class Woman
Summary
Cross-References
Acknowledgment
References
Evangelicalism
Definition
Introduction
Defining Evangelicalism
Evangelical Novels
Evangelical Works for Children
Evangelical Hymns
Summary
Cross-References
References
Evolution and Sensation Fiction
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ewing, Juliana
Definition
Life
Work
Summary
Cross-References
References
F
Face of the Deep, The (Rossetti)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Factory Acts
Definition
A Brief Overview of Factory Acts (1802-1901)
Women´s Responses to the Factory Acts
The Factory Acts in Women´s Prose
The Factory Acts in Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Fairy Tales
Definition
Reshaping of the Fairy Tale for Children
Fairy Tales for Adult Readers
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Reading
Faithfull, Emily
Definition
Women´s Organizational Networks
Printing
Scandal
Victoria Magazine and Other Publications
Summary
Cross-References
References
Fallen Woman
Definition
Introduction
In Literature
In Prose
Summary
Cross-References
References
Family Secrets (Ellis)
Definition
Introduction
Alcohol and the Separate Spheres
Summary
Cross-References
References
Fane, Violet (Lady Mary Montgomery Currie)
Definition
Introduction
Poems
Aestheticism
Later Poems
Summary
Cross-References
References
Fashion Journalism
Definition
Introduction
Fashions for All
A ``Woman´s World´´
Summary
Cross-References
References
Fawcett, Millicent Garrett
Definition
Introduction
Suffrage and Reform
Early Writings in Political Economy
Janet Doncaster
Summary
Cross-References
References
Fawcett, Philippa
Definition
Early Life
Cambridge, Tripos, and Research
Limitations in a Masculine Field
Life Abroad and as a Civil Servant
Death
Summary
Cross-References
References
Felix Holt, The Radical (Eliot)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
``Female Industry´´ (Martineau)
Definition
Introduction
Female Labor
Women´s Rural Industry
Commercial Female Industry
Female Education
Summary
Cross-References
References
Feminism/Feminist Theory
Definition
Introduction
Education
Marriage Reform
Single Women
Paid Work and Working Conditions
Sex Work
Suffrage
Summary
Cross-References
References
Fenwick Miller, Florence
Definition
Introduction
Childhood and Early Interests
Political Representation and Women´s Issues
Writing Career
Later Career: Journalism and Women´s Issues
Summary
Cross-References
References
Field, Michael
Definition
Introduction
Biography
Reception
Scholarship
Works: Lyric Poems
Works: Verse Drama
Summary
Cross-References
References
Letters and Diaries
Dramas
Lyric Poetry
Secondary Sources
Fletcher, Julia Constance [George Fleming]
Definition
Introduction
Transcontinental Influences
Marriage and the New Woman
Later Life
Summary
Cross-References
References
Food Adulteration
Definition
Introduction
Food Adulteration in Victorian Literature
Summary
Cross-References
References
Food in the Colonies
Definition
Introduction
Domestic Labor
Racial Exclusivity
Colonial Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Reading
Food Studies
Definition
Authorship and Readerships
Food, Family, and Domestic Economy
Taste, Appetite, and Pleasure
Food, Nation, and Culinary Exchange
Summary
Cross-References
References
Fothergill, Jessie
Definition
Introduction
Novels
International Success and Travel
Literary Style
Legacy
Cross-References
References
Freethinkers
Definition
Introduction
Freethinking Women
The Freethought Movement in Britain
The Early Nineteenth Century
The Second Half of the Nineteenth Century
Summary
Cross-References
References
French Revolutions
Definition
British Women Writers´ Experiences of French Revolutions
1830: From the House of Bourbon to the House of Oréans
1848: From King Louis Philippe I to Napoléon III
1870-1871: From the Second to the Third Republic
Cross-Fertilizations
Summary
Cross-References
References
Fry, Elizabeth
Definition
Introduction
Quaker Influences
Philanthropy
Prison Reform
Public Influence
Summary
Cross-References
References
G
Galletti di Cadilhac, Margaret
Definition
Introduction
Life
Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Garrett, Agnes
Definition
Home Life
Creative Life
Architectural Design
``The Woman Question´´
Authorship
Summary
Cross-References
References
Garrett, Rhoda
Definition
Family and Intellectual Antecedents
Feminist House Decorator and Campaigner
Literary Works
Reception and the Test of Time
Summary
Cross-References
References
Garrett Anderson, Elizabeth
Definition
Early Life
Medical Education
Medical Practice
Professional Writing
Retirement and Death
Summary
Cross-References
References
Gaskell, Elizabeth
Definition
Introduction
Family, Networks, and ``Narratability´´
Unitarianism and Women´s Education
Manchester and Social Problem Fiction
Maternity, Writing, and Women´s Work
History, Trauma, and Narrative Form
Summary
Cross-References
References
Gastro-Cosmopolitanism
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Geography
Introduction
Women Travellers
Summary
Cross-References
References
Geology
Definition
Introduction: Women in the Landscape of British Geology
Excavating Contributions
Popularizing Geology
Research Publications
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ghost Stories
Definition
Introduction
Spiritualism
Domestic Crime and Gendered Repression
Summary
Cross-References
References
Gilberne, Agnes
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Gillington, Alice E.
Definition
Introduction
Poetry and Lyrics
Song Collection
Interest in Gypsy Culture
Summary
Cross-References
References
``Girl of the Period´´ (Linton)
Definition
Introduction
Critical Reception
Context and Influence
Summary
Cross-References
References
``Goblin Market´´ (Rossetti)
Definition
Cross-References
References
Gothic
Definition
Introduction
Female Gothic
Summary
Cross-References
References
Grand, Sarah
Definition
Introduction
Education
Early Marriage
Literary Career
The New Woman and the New Man
Later Years
Summary
Cross-References
References
Green, Mary Anne Everett
Definition
The Pioneering Historian
Summary
Cross-References
References
Greenwell, Dora
Definition
Introduction
Early Life and First Publications
Josephine Butler and ``Christina´´
Social Reform and the Royal Albert Asylum for Idiots of the Northern Counties
Religion, Philosophy, and Life-Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
H
Hack, Maria Barton
Definition
Introduction
Early Years
Hack as Author
Summary
Cross-References
References
Harraden, Beatrice
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Reading
Harrison, Susan Frances
Definition
Introduction: Life
Journalism
Fiction
Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
Works
References
Hays, Matilda Mary
Definition
Introduction
Acting and Writing Careers
Journalism and the Langham Place Group
Summary
Cross-References
References
Heavenly Twins, The (Grand)
Definition
Plot
Critical Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Heir of Redclyffe, The (Yonge)
Definition
Introduction
Popularity
Disability
Femininity
Genre
Ethics
Summary
Cross-References
References
Hepworth Dixon, Ella
Definition
Introduction
Journalism
New Woman Novel
Summary
Cross-References
References
Higgin, Letitia [Lily]
Definition
Her Life
A Conundrum
Summary
Cross-References
References
Higher Education of Women, The (Davies)
Definition
Introduction
The Higher Education of Women: A review in detail
Summary
Cross-References
References
Hill, Octavia
Definition
Introduction
Hill as Reformer
Hill as Writer
Summary
Cross-References
References
Hinduism
Definition
Introduction: Hinduism in Colonial India
British Women Writers and Hinduism: Theological Perspectives
Representation of Hinduism: Nineteenth-Century Fiction
Critique of Hinduism: Polemics, Autobiographies, and Speeches
Conclusion: Conversion and Conflict
Summary
Cross-References
References
Hints on Self-Help (Boucherett)
Definition
Introduction
Boucherett´s Ideal Woman
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Reading
Historical Fiction
Definition
Introduction
The Early Church
Religious Reform
Tudor Queens
Fiction of the Recent Past
Summary
Cross-References
References
History of the Peace (Martineau)
Definition
Introduction
Background
Style
Summary
Cross-References
References
Hoggan, Frances
Definition
Introduction
Early Life and Education
Medical Career and Marriage
Writings for Social Reform
Summary
Cross-References
References
Horticulture
Definition
Introduction
Early Nineteenth-Century Garden Writing
The Gender Politics of Garden Writing
Genres of Garden Writing: The Practical Guide
Botany Books
Indoor Gardening
The Narrative Account
Gardening and Empire
Audience
Summary
Cross-References
References
Housman, Clemence
Definition
Introduction
Contributions to the Suffrage Movement
Literary Output
Retirement at Longmeadow
Summary
Cross-References
References
Howitt, Mary
Definition
Biography and Overview
Writing for Children and Young Readers
Translation
Collaborative and Life-Writing
Periodical Press
Summary
Cross-References
References
Hubback, Catherine Anne (née Austen)
Life
Appropriation and Continuation
Victorian Novels
Women´s Issues
Summary
Cross-References
References
Huggins, Margaret Lindsay
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
I
Illustrations of Political Economy (Martineau)
Definition
Introduction
The Illustrations of Political Economy
Literary Influence
Contemporary Reception
Modern Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
India
Definition
Introduction
British Nonfiction Writing About India
British Fiction
Indian Writing in English
Summary
Cross-References
References
Indian Women´s Periodicals
Definition
Introduction
The Indian Woman Question
Women´s Literacy and the Modernization of Culture
Women-Produced Publications
Indian Publications in English
Journalism and Reform
British Intersections
Summary
Cross-References
References
Industrialization
Definition
Introduction
Nonfiction Prose
Creative Writing: Novels and Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Infant Custody Act
Definition
The 1839 Infant Custody Act and the Advocacy of Caroline Norton
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ingelow, Jean
Definition
Introduction
Biography
The Youth´s Magazine and Fiction for Children
Novels
Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Irish Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Women of the Nation
Poetry, Activism, and Sedition: The Parnell Sisters
More than Poetesses: The 1880s
Summary
Cross-References
References
Islam
Definition
History
Women´s Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Italian Art
Definition
Introduction
Writing on Italian Art in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
Promoting the Primitives
German Scholarship and Empirical Methods
Old Master Techniques, New Connoisseurship
Writing Art History for the Periodical Press
The Serialized Artist´s Monograph
Writing Histories of the Renaissance
Summary
Cross-References
References
J
Jameson, Anna Brownell
Definition
Introduction: Early Life to The Diary of an Ennuyée
Writings: Portrayals of Women and of Travels
The Making of an Art Historian
Art Publications: Realized and Proposed
Sacred and Legendary Art
The Woman Question
Summary
Cross-References
References
Jane Eyre (C. Brontë)
Definition
Introduction
Critical Reception and Textual Insights
Summary
Cross-References
References
Jewishness and Judaism
Definition
Introduction: Contextualizing Jewishness, Judaism, and Gender in Victorian England
Christian Women Writers and Representations of Jewishness
Jewish Women Writers and Representations of Jewishness
Summary
Cross-References
References
Jewsbury, Geraldine
Definition
Introduction
Fiction
Other Works
Friendship with the Carlyles
Personal Life
Afterlife
Summary
Cross-References
References
Jex-Blake, Sophia
Definition
Introduction
Life
Professional Writing
Medical Education and Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Johnson, E. Pauline, Tekahionwake
Definition
Biography
Publications
Indigeneity and Gender
Reception and Summary
Cross-References
References
Johnston, Ellen
Definition
Introduction
The Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Journalism
Definition
Women Journalists
A New Phenomenon
Facts and Figures
Professional Organizations
Caricatural Depictions
Summary
Cross-References
References
K
Kavanagh, Julia: English Women of Letters and French Women of Letters
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Kemp, Emily Georgiana
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
Travels in Asia
Summary
Cross-References
References
Kendall, May
Definition
Introduction
Periodical Publications
Dreams to Sell
Songs from Dreamland
Fiction
Sociology
Summary
Cross-References
References
Kingsford, Anna
Definition
Introduction
Animal Rights
Medical Degree
Theosophy
Summary
Cross-References
References
Kingsley, Mary
Definition
Introduction
Life
Historical Context
Work
Summary
Cross-References
References
L
Lady Audley´s Secret (Braddon)
Definition
Introduction
Madness
Summary
Cross-References
References
Lady of the House, The
Definition
A Magazine in a Changing Ireland
Summary
Cross-References
References
Lambert, Frances S.
Definition
Traces of Miss Lambert´s Life and Work
Reception and the Test of Time
Summary
Cross-References
References
Langham Place Group
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Law
Definition
Introduction
The Novel
Reformers´ Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Reading
Lee, Vernon
Definition
Introduction
Europe and Italy 1860s-1870s: Education
Britain 1880s: Aestheticism
Italy and Germany 1890s: Psychological Aesthetics
Italy and Britain 1900-1920: War Years
Italy 1920-1935: Words, Music, and Intelligence
Summary
Cross-References
References
Leprohon, Rosanna
Definition
Introduction
Life
Poetry and Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Letters on the Law of Man´s Nature and Development (Martineau)
Description
Introduction
Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Levy, Amy
Introduction
Reception and Interest
Works
Novels
Levy´s Jewish World
Melancholy and Marginalization
Social Codes
Summary
Cross-References
References
Life and Letters of Lady Arabella Stuart, The (Cooper)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Life in the Sick-Room (Martineau)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Life of Charlotte Brontë, The (Gaskell)
Definition
Introduction
Plotting The Life
Haworth and Isolation
Publication and the Third Edition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Linton, Eliza Lynn
Definition
Introduction
The Woman Question
Journalism
Novels
Linton and Science
Summary
Cross-References
References
Lister, Anne
Definition
Introduction
Life
The Journals
Summary
Cross-References
References
Lois the Witch (Gaskell)
Definition
Introduction
Plot
Victorian Contexts and Historical References
Summary
Cross-References
References
Lovelace, Ada
Definition
Introduction
Flyology
Education
Work with Charles Babbage
Other Work
Summary
Cross-References
References
Lyric Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Lyric Poetry: History, Criticism, and Theory
Victorian Women Poets, Literary History, and New Genres
Origins and Functions of Lyric Poetry
Lyric Poetry and Social Engagement
Lyric Poetry and Victorian Religious Verse
Summary
Cross-References
References
Primary Sources
Selected Additional References
M
Maitland, Agnes C.
Definition
Introduction
Domestic Economy and Women´s Education
Work at Somerville College
Summary
Cross-References
References
Makers of Florence, The (Oliphant)
Definition
Introduction
Background and Reception
Content
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Readings
Malet, Lucas [Mary St. Ledger Kingsley Harrison]
Definition
Introduction
An Unconventional Life
Writing Career
Summary
Cross-References
References
Mant, Alicia Catherine
Science Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Marcet, Jane
Definition
Introduction
Political Economy
Summary
Cross-References
References
Married Women´s Property Acts
Definition
Introduction: Wives´ Status
Committee and Campaigning
Married Women´s Property Act 1870
Married Women´s Property Act 1882
Married Women´s Property Acts in Victorian Women´s Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Marshall, Emma
Definition
Introduction
Life
Children´s Fiction and Historical Novels
Publication History
Summary
Cross-References
References
Martineau, Harriet
Definition
Introduction
Life
Popularizer or Original Thinker?
Sociologist
Feminism
Journalism
Autobiography
Summary
Cross-References
References
Mary Barton (Gaskell)
Definition
Introduction
Origin and Plot
Publication History and Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Masculinity
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Maternity Dress
Definition
Introduction
Advice Literature
Life-Writing and Shared Experiences
Summary
Cross-References
References
Maternity Manuals
Definition
Introduction
Some Things Never Change: The Original Mum-Shaming
Continuing Conundrums
Conceptual Flexibility
Summary
Cross-References
References
Mathematics
Definition
Introduction
Women´s Mathematical Education: Self-Study
Women´s Mathematical Education: University Education
Employment in Mathematics
Recreational Mathematics
Mathematics Societies
Summary
Cross-References
References
Matrimonial Causes Act 1857
Definition
Introduction
Political Debates
The New Divorce Court
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
Maynard, Constance Louisa
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
Higher Education and Career
Faith, Mission, and Desire
Religious Philosophy, Editing, and Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Meade, L.T.
Definition
Introduction
Biography
Girls´ Books and Atalanta
Crime Fiction and Mysteries
Critical Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Medicine
Definition
Introduction
Patient Perspectives
Practitioner Perspectives
Liberty and the Sexual Education of Women and Girls
Women´s Health Under the British Raj
Medicine´s Influence on the New Woman Writer
Summary
Cross-References
References
Melodrama
Definition
Introduction
The Playwrighting Profession
Women´s Embodied Voices on Stage
Adaptation
The East End
Melodrama in Other Forms
Cross-References
References
Memoir/Life Writing
Definition
Writing and Reading First-Person Documents
Category Boundaries and Limitations
Diaries and Journals
Letters
Memoirs and Reminiscences
Popularity and Ongoing Value
Summary
Cross-References
References
Memoirs of the Literary Ladies of England (Elwood)
Definition
Introduction
Victorian Collective Biographies
Publication of Memoirs of the Literary Ladies of England
Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Women´s Authorship
The Lives of Eighteenth-Century British Women Writers
Summary
Cross-References
References
Mew, Charlotte
Definition
Introduction
Life
Fiction
Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Meynell, Alice
Definition
Introduction and Early Life
Conversion to Catholicism and Early Poetry
Married Life and Prose Publications
Suffragism, World War I, and Poetic Renaissance
Final Publications and Death
Summary
Cross-References
References
Middlemarch (Eliot)
Definition
Introduction
Themes and Technique
Summary
Cross-References
References
Midwifery
Definition
Literary Midwives
Reform and Midwifery
Summary
Cross-References
References
Mill on the Floss, The (Eliot)
Definition
Female Bildung: No Future for the (Fallen) New Woman
The Novel´s Famous Flood Ending
Summary
Cross-References
References
Modern Cookery for Private Families (Acton)
Definition
Introduction
Novel Features: Educating the Inexperienced Cook
Acton´s Style
Summary
Cross-References
References
Monthly Packet, The
Definition
Introduction
History
Purpose and Views
Content
Summary
Cross-References
References
Moodie, Susanna Strickland
Definition
Biographical Context
Canadian Publications
Anti-slavery Narratives
Other Writings
Summary
Cross-References
References
Mourning Dress
Definition
Introduction
Reading the Stages of Mourning
Mourning and Class
Widows
Black Non-Mourning Dress
Summary
Cross-References
References
Mozley, Anne
Definition
Introduction
Early Work 1830s-1840s
Christian Remembrancer Period, Late 1840s-1868
Secular Periodical Press Period 1859-1870s
Letters and Papers Period 1880s-1890
Summary
Cross-References
References
Mrs. Beeton´s Book of Household Management (Beeton)
Definition
Introduction
Gastro-cosmopolitanism
Livestock Management and Beef-Eating
Summary
Cross-References
References
Mullens, Hannah Catherine
Definition
Introduction
Education
Critical Response
Summary
Cross-References
References
Museums
Definition
Women and the Imagination of Museums
Summary
Cross-References
References
Music and Musicians
Definition
Introduction
Women´s Writing on Music and Musicians
Journalism
Musicology
Biography and Translation
Memoirs and Autobiographies of Musicians and Composers
Music and Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Music Education: The Case of Annie Curwen
Definition
Introduction
Scholarship on Curwen
Public Presence
Summary
Cross-References
References
N
Naden, Constance
Definition
Introduction
Biographical Overview
1875-1879
1879-1881
1882-1887
1887-1889
Summary
Cross-References
References
Naidu, Sarojini
Definition
Introduction and Early Life
Poetry: Decadent Exoticism and Strategic Orientalism
Midlife
Politics: Feminism, Nationalism, Afrasianism
Final Years
Summary
Cross-References
References
Napoleonic Wars, The
Definition
Introduction
History
Eyewitness Accounts
Memoir at a Remove
Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Narrative Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Narrative Poetry and the Periodical Press
Narrative Poetry: Social and Political Dimensions
Summary
Cross-References
References
Natural History
Definition
Introduction: The Victorians and Natural History
Popularizing Natural History
Practicing Natural History
Women as ``Discoverers´´
Natural History Abroad
Summary
Cross-References
References
Nesbit, Edith
Definition
Introduction
Life and Marriages
Poetry
Fiction
Afterlife
Summary
Cross-References
References
Newmarch, Rosa Harriet
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
Music and Writing
Travel to Russia and Promotion of Russian Music
Editing Work and Program Note Writing
Other Writings
Later Musical Interests
Newmarch and Women´s Issues
Summary
Cross-References
References
Nightingale, Florence
Introduction
Early Years and Education
Nursing Education and Training
Nursing: The Crimean War
After the War: Reform Advocacy
Other Writings and Work
Later Years and Recognition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Nonsense Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Nonsense in the Classroom
Nonsense in the Laboratory
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
North and South (Gaskell)
Definition
Introduction
Beyond the Parochial
Class Relations
Gender
Religion
Summary
Cross-References
References
North, Marianne
Definition
Life
Recollections and Further Recollections
Kew and the Gallery
Summary
Cross-References
References
Norton, Caroline
Definition
Introduction
Literary Career
Legal Actions
Celebrity Status
Political Reputation
Summary
Cross-References
References
Notes on Nursing (Nightingale)
Definition
Introduction
Sanitation and Miasma
Text Organization
Rhetorical Strategies
Summary
Cross-References
References
Novels
Definition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Nursing
Definition
Introduction
Nursing Manuals
The Ladies´ Sanitary Association
Nursing Periodicals
Literary Nursing
Summary
Cross-References
References
O
Obstetrics
Definition
Introduction
Life-Writing
Advice and Activism
Professional Writing
Literature
Summary
Cross-References
References
Occult
Definition
Introduction
Women Writers of the Occult
Summary
Cross-References
References
Olcott Perkins, Lucy May
Definition
Introduction
Siena
After Siena
Summary
Cross-References
References
Oliphant, Margaret
Definition
Introduction
Life
Journalism
Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Opera
Definition
Introduction: Women Opera Composers and English Opera Before the Victorian Period
Women Opera Composers and English Opera 1800-1870s
Women Opera Composers and English Opera from the 1880s Onward
Summary
Cross-References
References
Oram, Blanche [Roma White]
Definition
Introduction
Journalism
Fiction
Non-fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Orr, Alexandra
Definition
Introduction
Women´s Suffrage
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ouida
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
P
Pankhurst, Emmeline
Definition
Introduction
Political Work
Later Life and Legacy
Summary
Cross-References
References
Parkes, Bessie Rayner
Definition
Introduction
Early Years
The Woman Question
Marriage and Widowhood
Summary
Cross-References
References
Pechey, Edith
Definition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Archives
Penny Bloods and Penny Dreadfuls
Definition
Introduction
Penny Blood or Penny Dreadfuls?
Authorship, Anonymity, and Criticism
Women Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Periodical Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Literary Annuals and Expanded Opportunities in Periodicals
Poetry in Women´s Periodicals
Erasure and Recovery of Women´s Poetry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Personal Reminiscences of a Great Crusade (Butler)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Phantasmion (S. Coleridge)
Definition
Plot
Summary
Cross-References
References
Philanthropy
Definition
Introduction
Philanthropic Writing
Ambivalence Toward Female Philanthropists
Summary
Cross-References
References
Philosophy of (Wo)man´s Nature
Definition
Introduction
The Public Debate on Woman´s Nature and Her Rights of Access
Summary
Cross-References
References
Photography
Definition
Introduction
Realism, Domesticity, and the Fine Art Photograph
Poetic Portraiture and Pictorialism
Documentation, Science and the Cyanotype
Summary
Cross-References
References
Pirkis, Catherine Louisa
Definition
Introduction
Early Works: Tales of Sensation, Romance, Mystery, and Crime
Later Work: The Lady Detective Is Born
Summary
Cross-References
References
Political Economy
Definition
Introduction
Didacticism and Fiction
Imagining Political and Economic Liberation
Formal Economic Engagement
Summary
Cross-References
References
Poor Laws, The
Definition
Introduction
The Old Poor Law
The New Poor Law
Literary and Feminist Responses
Summary
Cross-References
References
Government Documents
Victorian Reports, Novels, Pamphlets, and Periodicals
Personal Correspondence
Secondary Sources
Websites
Popular Fiction
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
A Popular History of Astronomy (Clerke)
Definition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Portsmouth, Eveline
Definition
Introduction
The Poetical Birthday Book
Contributions to the Woman´s World
Social Causes
Summary
Cross-References
References
Pratt, Anne
Definition
Childhood and Early Career
Botanical Writing
Other Works
Criticism
Later and Personal Life
Summary
Cross-References
References
Prescott, Oliveria Louisa
Definition
Introduction
Early Life: Student and Composer
Teaching and Lecturing
Writings on Music
About Music, And What It Is Made Of
Summary
Cross-References
References
Procter, Adelaide
Definition
Introduction
Feminism and Social Action
Procter´s Catholicism
Summary
Cross-References
References
Provincial Fiction
Definition
Introduction
Provincial Novels and Novelists
Theorizing Provincialism
Gendering Provincial Fiction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Psychology
Introduction
The Development of Psychology
Literature and Psychology
Summary
Cross-References
References
Q
Quakers
Definition
Introduction
Religious Writings
Life Writing
Quaker Women Writers, Animals, and Natural History
Quaker Women and the Periodical Press
Writing for Children and Young Adults
The Liberal Turn
Summary
Cross-References
References
Queen Victoria in the Highlands
Definition
Introduction
Steps into Scotland and into Print
The Romance of Scotland
Grief and Memorials
Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
R
Rational Dress
Definition
Introduction
Social Context
Fictional Representations of Rational Dress
Rational Dress and Physical Mobility
Summary
Cross-References
References
Realism
Definition
Introduction
Early-Victorian Realism and the ``Social Problem´´ Novel
Mid-Victorian Realism: The World According to George Eliot
The Late-Victorian Period: Realistic, but Not Realism
Conclusion
Summary
Cross-References
References
Red Pottage (Cholmondeley)
Definition
Introduction
Women
Religion
The Ending
Summary
Cross-References
References
Religion
Definition
Religion
Summary
Cross-References
References
Remarks on the Education of Girls (Rayner Parkes)
Definition
Introduction
Public Reception
Context, Influences, and Recommendations for Social Change
Summary
Cross-References
References
``Rhythm of Life, The´´ (Meynell)
Definition
``The Rhythm of Life´´
Summary
Cross-References
References
Riddell, Charlotte
Definition
Introduction
Literary Style
Summary
Cross-References
References
Risorgimento, The
Definition
Introduction
Reimagining Italy: Nationalist Rhetoric, the Periodical Press, and Women Writers
La Bella Italia: Literary Traditions and Feminine Authority
Summary
Cross-References
References
Robinson, A. Mary F.
Definition
Introduction
Early Years and London Life
Marriages, Poetry, Life in Paris
The Modern Woman of Letters in the Anglo-French Community
Final Years
Summary
Cross-References
References
Robinson, Emma
Definition
Introduction
Life
Historical Novels
Contemporary Novels
Summary
Cross-References
References
Robins-Pennell, Elizabeth
Definition
Introduction
Biography
Publications
Summary
Cross-References
References
Roman Catholicism
Introduction
Adelaide Anne Procter
Lady Georgiana Fullerton [née Levenson-Gower]
Margaret Anna Cusack
Julia Kavanagh
Mary Anne Sadlier
Alice Meynell
Florence Marryat
Fin de Siècle
Summary
Cross-References
References
Romance of a Shop, The (Levy)
Definition
Introduction
Setting Up Shop
Female Independence
Urban Landscape
Summary
Cross-References
References
A Romance of Two Worlds (Corelli)
Definition
Introduction
Science
Summary
Cross-References
References
Romola (Eliot)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ross, Janet
Definition
Introduction
Life
Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Rossetti, Christina
Definition
Introduction
Simple Multiplicity
Consumption or Communion
Green Sanctuaries
Summary
Cross-References
References
Routledge, Katherine
Definition
Introduction
Polynesian Anthropology
Tripartite Research Relationship
Research Questions and Methods
Ahu Tongariki and the Archeological Record
Summary: Katherine Routledge´s Legacy
Cross-References
References
Royal Children of English History (Nesbit)
Definition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ruth (Gaskell)
Definition
The Subject of Ruth
Cross-References
References
S
Sanitary Reform
Definition
Introduction
Early Reformers
Professionalization
Summary
Cross-References
References
Sapphic Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Sappho´s Love Lyrics
Sappho´s Indirect Influences
Lyrical Brevity and Fragmentation
Summary
Cross-References
References
Scharlieb, Mary
Definition
Introduction
Medical Career
Medical Literature
Summary
Cross-References
References
Schreiner, Olive
Definition
Introduction
Schreiner and the New Woman Novel
Schreiner, Race, and Commonwealth Literature
Summary
Cross-References
References
Science
Definition
Introduction
Education
Travel
Natural History
Astronomy
Chemistry
Geology
Mathematics
Science and Literature
Edging Women Out
Summary
Cross-References
References
Science Fiction
Definition
Introduction
Science as Problem and Promise
Occult Science Fiction and Planetary Romance
Utopias, Dystopias, and Anti-utopias
Summary
Cross-References
References
Scott, Caroline Lucy
Life
Friendships with Female Authors
Novels
Religious Writings
Summary
Cross-References
References
Scott, Harriet Anne
Introduction
Life
Rights for Women
The Koh-I-Noor
Philanthropic Female Knitting
Summary
Cross-References
References
Scott, Jane
Definition
Introduction
Life
Theatre Management and Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Seacole, Mary
Definition
Introduction
Professional Life
Work in the Crimea
Later Life
Summary
Cross-References
References
Sellers Strong, Eugenie
Definition
Introduction: Background and Early Life
Cambridge, London, Athens, and Munich
Greece, Italy, and Germany
Return to London, Marriage, and Chatsworth
Return to Rome
Summary
Cross-References
References
Background Bibliography
Sensation Fiction
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
``Sense, Meaning and Interpretation´´ (Welby)
Description
Introduction
``Sense, Meaning and Interpretation´´
Summary
Cross-References
References
Sewell, Anna
Introduction
Black Beauty
Summary
Cross-References
References
Sewell, Mary
Definition
Early Life and Marriage
Writing Beginnings, Religious Crisis, and Philanthropic Work
Literary Career
Old Age and Legacy
Summary
Cross-References
References
Sewing and Patterns
Definition
Introduction
Professional Careers
Art Needlework
Summary
Cross-References
References
Shadow of Ashlydyat, The (Wood)
Definition
Introduction
Genre
Depictions of Women
Summary
Cross-References
References
Siddall, Elizabeth
Definition
Introduction
Life
Poetry
Publication History
Summary
Cross-References
References
``Silly Novels by Lady Novelists´´ (Eliot)
Definition
Introduction
Content
Summary
Cross-References
References
Silver Fork
Definition
Introduction
Novel Production and Reception
Major Themes
Summary
Cross-References
References
Simcox, Edith
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
Activism
Relationship with George Eliot
Later Works
Summary
Cross-References
References
Skene, Felicia
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
Works and Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Smythies, Harriette Maria Gordon
Definition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK)
Definition
Introduction
Elizabeth Rundle Charles (1828-1896): The Anglican Calendar of Saints and Martyrs and Te Deum Laudamus: Christian Life in Song...
Emily C. Orr and Working-Class Devotional Literature
Christina Rossetti: Devotional Books for the SPCK
Summary
Cross-References
References
Society for Promoting Female Education (FES) in China, India, and the East
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Society for the Promotion of the Employment of Women
Definition
Zeitgeist and Precursors
Genesis of the Society
Initiatives
Literary Impact
Summary
Cross-References
References
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG)
Definition
Introduction
Pioneer Missionaries in the East India Mission: Henry Martyn, Thomas Middleton, Reginald Heber, and Daniel Wilson
SPG Missionaries in Other Lands: Charles Mackenzie, John Coleridge Patteson, and Others
Summary
Cross-References
References
Somerville, Mary
Definition
Introduction
Life
Works
Somerville´s Legacy
Cross-References
References
Sonnets from the Portuguese (Barrett Browning)
Definition
Introduction
Composition and Publication
Petrarchan Traditions
Summary: Critical Reception
Cross-References
References
Sorabji, Cornelia
Definition
Introduction
Overcoming Barriers
Writing and Social Reform
Summary
Cross-References
References
Sorrows of Satan, The (Corelli)
Introduction
Religion
Summary
Cross-References
References
Spence, Catherine Helen
Definition
Introduction
Life
Fiction
Political Activism
Summary
Cross-References
References
Spiritualism and Theosophy
Definition
Introduction
Victorian Women Writers
Summary
Cross-References
References
Springtime of the People, 1848
Definition
Introduction
Epistolary Responses
Fictional and Poetic Responses
Responses Through Journalism and Nonfictional Prose
Summary
Cross-References
References
Steel, Flora Annie
Definition
Introduction
India and Empire in Steel´s Writings
Literary Culture, Suffrage, and Flora Annie Steel
Summary
Cross-References
References
Stokes, Margaret McNair
Definition
Introduction: Margaret McNair Stokes and Irish Antiquarian Networks
Margaret Stokes and Scholarly Networks
Margaret Stokes: Artist and Illustrator
Margaret Stokes and the Sculpted Cross
Summary: Margaret Stokes and the History of Irish Art and Architecture
Cross-References
References
Stopford Green, Alice
Definition
Introduction
Research and Publications as a Historian
Travel, Networks, and Organizing
Ireland and Africa
Summary
Cross-References
References
Story of an African Farm, The (Schreiner)
Definition
Introduction
The Question of Genre
Settler Fiction and the Colonial Economy
Protagonists, Alone in a Brutal Place
The Individual and the Earth
The Imagination and Schreiner´s Anti-colonial Critique
Summary
Cross-References
References
Story of the Amulet, The (Nesbit)
Definition
E. Nesbit´s The Story of the Amulet
Summary
Cross-References
References
Strickland, Agnes
Definition
Introduction
Background
Early Works
The Lives of the Queens of England
Later Works and Reputation
Summary
Cross-References
References
Suburban Fiction
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Suffrage
Definition
Introduction
Suffrage in the Nineteenth Century: The Early Debates
Suffrage in the Twentieth Century: Nationalization, Militancy, and Eventual Success
Suffrage in Women´s Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Suffrage Journalism
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Suggestions for Thought (Nightingale)
Definition
Introduction
Nightingale´s Theology
Summary
Cross-References
References
Syrett, Netta
Definition
Introduction
Education
Journalism
New Woman
Scandal
Summary
Cross-References
References
T
Taylor, Harriet
Definition
Introduction
Early Life and First Marriage
From Democracy to Socialism
Second Marriage, Enfranchisement, and Subjection
Summary: Liberty and Death
Cross-References
References
Taylor, Mary
Definition
Introduction
Childhood and Education
New Zealand Business Success
Her Feminist Articles, Short Stories, and First Book
Her Novel
Her Travel Book
Her Death and Legacy
Cross-References
References
Tenant of Wildfell Hall, The (A. Brontë)
Definition
Anne Brontë´s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848): Breaking Married Women´s Legal Silence Through the Diary Novel
Summary
Cross-References
References
Terry, Ellen
Definition
Introduction
Acting and Scholarship
Shakespeare Lectures
Letters
Shaw-Terry Correspondence
Woolf´s Modernist Ellen Terry
Summary
Cross-References
References
Thackeray Ritchie, Anne
Definition
Introduction
A Literary Aristocrat: The Life of Anne Thackeray Ritchie
Daughter of Cornhill: Ritchie as an Essayist
Impressionist Fiction
Bluebeard´s Daughter: Thackeray Ritchie´s Realist Fairytales
Summary
Cross-References
References
Theatre Critics
Definition
Introduction
Female Journalists on the Drama
Theatre Reviews in Women´s Periodicals
The Female Drama Critic
Summary
Cross-References
References
Thomas, Annie
Definition
Introduction
Reception
Annie Thomas´ Works
Summary
Cross-References
References
Thorne, Isabel
Definition
Introduction
Medical Education
Professional Life and Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
Time Flies: A Reading Diary (Rossetti)
Definition
Introduction
Summary
Cross-References
References
Tonna, Charlotte Elizabeth
Definition
Introduction
Ireland, the Irish, and Anti-Catholicism
Activist and Editor
Industrial Fiction and Political Economy
Philosemitism
Summary
Cross-References
References
Traill, Catharine Parr
Definition
Biographical Context
English Publications
Canadian Publications
Place in Canadian Literature
Summary
Cross-References
References
Travel and Redundant Women
Definition
Introduction
Redundant Women
Anna Brownell Jameson
Emigration Societies
Summary
Cross-References
References
Trinitarian Poetry
Definition
Introduction
Religion and Creation
Incarnation and Crucifixion
Women´s Poetry on the Holy Spirit
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Readings
Trollope, Frances Eleanor
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
Marriage and Beginning of Career
Writing
Relationship with Dickens
Summary
Cross-References
References
Trollope, Frances Milton
Definition
Introduction
Early Life
Marriage and Money Troubles
Travel to the United States
Return to Europe
Later Life in Florence
Pioneering Genres
Summary
Cross-References
References
U
Unitarianism
Definition
Introduction
Victorian Unitarianism
Unitarianism and Gender
Unitarian Women´s Writing
Summary
Cross-References
References
University Education
Definition
Introduction
The Emergence of the English University Woman
Pelvic Power Threatened
The Disappearance of Good Wives
The Unfeminine Mystique
Summary
Cross-References
References
University Extension Movement
Definition
Introduction
The Development of the University Extension Movement
Summary
Cross-References
References
V
Vegetarian Messenger, The
Definition
The Vegetarian Society
Vegetarian Periodicals
Gender Ideology and The Vegetarian Movement
Lady Lecturers
Beatrice Lindsay and the Vegetarian Messenger in the 1880s and 1890s
Summary
Cross-References
References
Vegetarianism
Definition
Introduction
``Vegetable Diet´´
The First ``Vegetarians´´
Vegetarians and Modernity
Women Writers and Vegetarianism Utopianism
Summary
Cross-References
References
Victorian Women Artists´ Autobiographies: Breaking the Mold
Definition
Introduction
Anna Mary Howitt and Louise Jopling: Beyond Gendered Spaces
Henrietta Ward and Elizabeth Thompson Butler: Transgressing Gender Protocol
Estella Starr Canziani: Rejecting Hegemonic Femininity
Summary
Cross-References
References
Villette (C. Brontë)
Definition
Introduction
Critical Reception and Textual Insights
Summary
Cross-References
References
Vivisection
Definition
The Victorian Vivisection Debates: An Introduction
A Woman´s Question?
Nonfiction Writing: Periodicals and Newspapers
Fiction-Writing: Poetry, Short Stories, and Novels
Summary
Cross-References
References
Vocal Music (Popular)
Definition
Introduction: The Training of British Women Composers in the Nineteenth Century
The Rise of the Piano Industry and Sheet Music Publishing
Women Ballad Composers
Summary
Cross-References
References
von Arnim, Elizabeth, The German Novels of
Definition
Introduction
Von Arnim´s Nuanced Representations of Germany
Her Fiction´s Increasing Transnationality
Von Arnim´s Performances of Expatriate Identity
Von Arnim´s Expatriate Experimentalism
Summary
Cross-References
References
W
War Writing
Definition
Introduction
Post-Napoleonic Wars Era
The Crimean War
Transatlantic and Trans-Continental Engagement
Summary
Cross-References
References
Ward, Mary Augusta [Mrs. Humphry]
Definition
Introduction
Oxford
Robert Elsmere
Later Fiction
Anti-Suffrage
Last Years and Legacy
Summary
Cross-References
References
Webb, (Martha) Beatrice, Baroness Passfield
Definition
Introduction
Intellectual Apprenticeship
The Woman Question
Early Work
Marriage: A Happy and Fruitful Working Partnership
Royal Commission (1905-1909)
Later Life
Summary
Cross-References
References
Webb, Mary
Definition
Introduction
Early Life in Shropshire
Writing: Her Early Novels
London Life
Writing: Webb´s Later Novels
Death and Legacy
Summary
Cross-References
References
Webster, Augusta
Definition
Introduction
Literary Career
Critical Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Welby, Lady Victoria
Definition
Introduction
Works and Reception
Summary
Cross-References
References
Wetherald, Ethelwyn
Definition
Introduction: Life
Journalism
Poetry
Poetic Connection with Helena Coleman
One Co-written Novel
Later Poems
Summary
Cross-References
References
Wilford, Florence
Definition
Introduction
Literary Career
Gosling Society
Summary
Cross-References
References
Wilson, Mary Anne
Definition
Introduction
Appeals in Missionary Papers
Female Education
Summary
Cross-References
References
Winkworth, Catherine and Susanna
Definition
Introduction
Catherine Winkworth
Susanna Winkworth
Summary
Cross-References
References
Women of England, The (Ellis)
Definition
Cross-References
References
Women´s Vegetarian Union, The
Definition
Summary
Cross-References
References
Wood, Ellen [Mrs Henry]
Definition
Early Life
East Lynne
Later Literary Work
Last Years and Legacy
Summary
Cross-References
References
Woolf, Virginia
Definition
Introduction
``The Four Great Novelists´´
The Problem of ``Conscious Bias´´
£500 a Year
Summary
Cross-References
References
Working-Class Poetry
Definition
Introduction
The Working-Class Newspaper Poet: Opportunities and Challenges
Summary
Cross-References
References
Wuthering Heights (E. Brontë)
Definition
Introduction
Erotic and Religious Vision
Form and Genre
Class, Gender, and Race
Other Readings
Summary
Cross-References
References
Further Reading
Y
Yonge, Charlotte
Definition
Introduction
Early Life and Education
Literary Success
Summary
Cross-References
References
