One third of misdiagnosed medical cases result in serious injury or death. Moreover, 40,000-80,000 deaths occur each year in the United States alone because of misdiagnosis. This is a major clinical crisis that medical schools and hospitals have failed to adequately address. There is currently no book available that provides general clinicians with the knowledge to prevent such lethal errors in a variety of disciplines.
Composed of clinical cases, the book represents seventy chapters fashioned into sixteen modules and are organized by systems, such as allergy and immunology, cardiology, neurology and rheumatology, just to name a few. Each chapter is organized with a general introduction to the topic followed by the name of the specific disease. Next comes the actual clinical case presentation followed by the differential diagnosis. It then explains what was misdiagnosed in the specific case and why. A general discussion and plan of action is then described followed by a conclusion.
Uniquely incorporated in the book is a chapter dedicated to the legal perspectives of misdiagnosis followed by an editor’s perspective. The Misdiagnosis Casebook in Clinical Medicine is a valuable and much-needed resource for clinicians as well as practitioners in all areas of medicine.
Author(s): Hassaan Tohid, Larry G. Baratta, Howard Maibach
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Tags: Misdiagnosis Casebook in Clinical Medicine; Primary Care Medicine; General Practice and Family Medicine
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Allergy and Immunology
Chapter 1: Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Masquerading as Recurrent Bacterial Pneumonia
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Angioedema Bowel Blockade: The Misdiagnosis of Hereditary Angioedema as a Rare Cause of Small Bowel Obstruction
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption Due to Fluconazole Imitating Herpes Simplex
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Pathogenesis and Presentation of Fixed Drug Eruptions
Diagnostic Approach Toward Fixed Drug Eruptions
Treatment of Fixed Drug Eruptions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase Type 2 (DADA2) Masquerading as GATA-Binding Factor 2 (GATA2) Deficiency
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Asthma
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Classification of Hypereosinophilia
Clinical Manifestations of Hypereosinophilia
Diagnostic Approach to Hypereosinophilia
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Treatment Options
Plan of Action: The Points Clinician Should Consider: Pitfalls to Avoid and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Misdiagnosis of Common Variable Immune Deficiency
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Confusion of Cutaneous Reactions: A Misdiagnosis of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: The Dish with the Fish: Scombroid Poisoning Misdiagnosed as Food Allergy
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Using Indirect Immunofluorescence in Unveiling Unknown Pemphoids and Avoiding Misdiagnosis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part II: Cardiology
Chapter 10: Infective Endocarditis Misdiagnosed as Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Introduction
Differential Diagnosis
Clinical Case Presentation
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Cardiac Amyloidosis Misdiagnosed as Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action: The Points Clinician Should Consider – Pitfalls to Avoid
Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
If Misdiagnosed, Was It Realized Later?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Metastatic Heart Cancer Misdiagnosed as Acute Myocardial Infarction
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Primary Cardiac Synovial Sarcoma Misdiagnosed as Tuberculoma
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action: The Points Clinician Should Consider – Pitfalls to Avoid
Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Severe Eccentric Mitral Regurgitation Misdiagnosed as Severe Aortic Stenosis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action: The Points Clinician Should Consider – Pitfalls to Avoid
Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Part III: Emergency Department
Chapter 15: A Case of Misdiagnosis of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: A Case of Misdiagnosis of Rhabdomyolysis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Acute Coronary Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Anxiety
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Discussion
Differential Diagnosis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Diabetic Neuropathy Misdiagnosed as Right Lower Limb Injury
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Multiple Sclerosis Is Misdiagnosed as Migraine
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part IV: Endocrinology
Chapter 20: Addison’s Disease Along with Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis and Acute Renal Failure Misinterpreted as Peripheral Motor Neuropathy
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Alternative Diagnosis/Potential Misdiagnosis
Note
Discussion and Action Plan
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: Hypopituitarism Secondary to Macroadenoma with Vomiting and Hyponatremia Misdiagnosed as Episodes of Gastritis/Esophagitis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Alternative Diagnosis/Potential Misdiagnosis
Note
Discussion and Action Plan
Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Hypothyroidism with Nephrotic Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Cardiac Failure
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Alternative Diagnosis Considered/Potential Misdiagnosis
Discussion and Plan of Action
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Adrenal Insufficiency Misdiagnosed as Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Alternative Diagnoses
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Pheochromocytoma Misdiagnosed as COVID-19
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Alternative Diagnoses
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part V: Gastroenterology
Chapter 25: Initial Misdiagnosis of Celiac Disease with Life-Threatening Presentation
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action
Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: Misdiagnosis of Colorectal Cancer with Emphysematous Epididymo-Orchitis as a Camouflage
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action
Conclusion
References
Chapter 27: Misdiagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease due to Features Similar to Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action
Conclusion
References
Chapter 28: Small Bowel Carcinoma Misdiagnosed as Ileal Crohn’s Disease
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action
Conclusion
References
Chapter 29: Foreign Body Ingestion Misdiagnosed as Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action
Conclusion
References
Part VI: Gynecology
Chapter 30: Hydatidiform Mole Misdiagnosed as a Threatened Abortion
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Discussion
Conclusion
Permission to Use Images Letter
References
Chapter 31: Gestational Choriocarcinoma Misdiagnosed as Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 32: Misdiagnosis of Mullerian Agenesis in a Patient with 46, XX Gonadal Dysgenesis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 33: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Misdiagnosis as Pregnancy
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 34: Forgotten Copper T: An Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Misdiagnosed as Secondary Sterility
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part VII: Hematology
Chapter 35: Congenital Methemoglobinemia Misdiagnosed as Polycythemia Vera
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 36: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Misdiagnosed as Autoimmune Cytopenia
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnoses
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 37: Hemoglobin H Disease and Vitamin B12 Deficiency Misdiagnosed as Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 38: Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria Misdiagnosed as Child Abuse
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why/How Was It Realized That It Was Misdiagnosed?
Discussion
Pearls of Knowledge to Consider. If Misdiagnosed, Was It Realized Later? How Was It Rectified?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 39: Hereditary Spherocytosis Misdiagnosed as Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why/How Was It Realized That It Was Misdiagnosed?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 40: Inherited Thrombocytopenia Misdiagnosed as Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Case 1
Case 2
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
If Misdiagnosed, Was It Realized Later? How Was It Rectified? Were There Any Legal Ramifications?
Conclusion
References
Part VIII: Infectious Diseases
Chapter 41: Hematogenous Disseminated Tuberculosis Misdiagnosed as Metastatic Lung Cancer
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 42: Severe Abdominal Sepsis Misdiagnosed as Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in this Case and why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider. Pitfalls to Avoid and Pearls of Knowledge to Think about
Conclusion
References
Chapter 43: Syphilitic Uveitis Misdiagnosed as Viral Retinitis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 44: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Misdiagnosed as Pharyngitis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Natural History of Acute HIV-1 Infections
The Importance of the Presence of ARS in the Progression of HIV-1 Infection and Patient Prognosis
Early ARS Diagnosis from Public Health and Epidemiological Perspective
The Importance of HIV Test Generation and Detection of HIV Infection
Causes of Delayed HIV-1 Other than Misdiagnosis
Psychological Aspects of HIV and in Patients Contemplating the Possibility that They Might Have HIV
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 45: Early Lyme Disease Misdiagnosed as Influenza
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Diagnosis of Lyme Disease
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Part IX: Nephrology
Chapter 46: Apolipoprotein C-II Amyloidosis Misdiagnosed as Light Chain Amyloidosis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 47: Phyllodes Tumor Misdiagnosed as Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy and a Cyst
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 48: Large Calcified Renal Artery Aneurysm Misdiagnosed as Intrapelvic Calculus
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 49: Anastomosing Hemangioma Misdiagnosed as Renal Cell Cancer
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 50: Urethritis Associated Hematuria Misdiagnosed as C1q Nephropathy
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider. Pearls of Knowledge to Consider and Pitfalls to Avoid
If Misdiagnosed, Was It Realized Later? How Was It Rectified?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 51: Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Renal Pelvis Misdiagnosed as Calculus Pyonephrosis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 52: Kidney Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Misdiagnosed as a Metastatic Malignancy
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part X: Neurology
Chapter 53: Guillain–Barré Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Posterior Circulation Stroke
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 54: Stroke Misdiagnosed as Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 55: Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis Misdiagnosed as Pyogenic Meningitis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
If Misdiagnosed, Was It Realized Later? How Was It Rectified?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 56: Cotard Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Major Depressive Disorder
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action
If Misdiagnosed, Was It Realized Later? How Was It Rectified?
Conclusion
References
Part XI: Oncology
Chapter 57: Colonic Cancer Misdiagnosed as Hemorrhoids
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in the Case, and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points to Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 58: Malignant Melanoma Misdiagnosed as Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in the Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points to Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 59: Multiple Myeloma Misdiagnosed as Rheumatoid Arthritis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in the Case and Why?
Discussion
The Plan of Action, Points to Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge
Conclusion
References
Part XII: Psychiatry
Chapter 60: Bipolar Disorder Misdiagnosed as Major Depressive Disorder
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case, and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, Points the Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 61: Schizoaffective Disorder Bipolar Type Misdiagnosed as Bipolar I with Psychotic Features
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 62: Borderline Personality Disorder Misdiagnosed as Bipolar Disorder
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case, and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, Points the Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
If Misdiagnosed, Was It Realized Later?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 63: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Misdiagnosed as Nonspecific Physical Pain
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Part XIII: Pulmonology
Chapter 64: Chronic Beryllium Disease Misdiagnosed as Sarcoidosis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 65: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Misdiagnosed as Sputum-Negative Tuberculosis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part XIV: Rheumatology
Chapter 66: How to Differentiate Chronic Widespread Pain in Order to Reduce Misdiagnosis of Fibromyalgia
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 67: Rheumatoid Arthritis Misdiagnosed as Gout
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Chapter 68: Spondyloarthritis: Gender-Based Symptomatology in Order to Reduce Misdiagnosis
Introduction
Clinical Case Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
What Was Misdiagnosed in This Case and Why?
Discussion
Plan of Action, the Points Clinician Should Consider, Pitfalls to Avoid, and Pearls of Knowledge to Consider
Conclusion
References
Part XV: Legal
Chapter 69: Legal Consequences of the Misdiagnosed Patient
Introduction
The Lawyers Are Watching
Hurdles to a Malpractice Lawsuit
What Is the Legal Standard of Care?
Misdiagnosis Versus Missed Diagnosis
Why Does This Happen, and in What Cases?
Exemplar Cases of Missed/Delayed and Misdiagnosed Cases
Prostate Cancer Misdiagnosis
Misdiagnosis Bladder Cancer in ER
Breast Cancer Misdiagnosis
Exemplar Cases
Cardiac Misdiagnosis
COVID Misdiagnosis
How Does a Patient Recover Damages in a Lawsuit?
References
Part XVI: An Editor’s Perspective
Chapter 70: Strategies to Avoid a Misdiagnosis
Introduction
How to Avoid Misdiagnosis?
Conclusion
References
Index
