This monograph discusses the dispute in geographical naming of the sea between Korea and Japan, which has been a long-lasting issue in East Asia and beyond. The book covers the modern history of the dispute, reveals the origin of the names for the sea between Korea and Japan, and the historical change of the name on ancient maps of Korea, Japan, and the West, and tracks the naming trends of the East Sea in geography textbooks in the pre-modern and modern times. The book also contains suggestions for some tangible solutions for the issue.
This book is a useful resource for students and scholars in the fields of political geography, historical geography, cartography, diplomatic history, international relations, politics, and other related disciplines. It also appeals to international experts in hydrographic organizations and the United Nations, and geography and history teachers. The book is also interesting for the general readers interested in the topic of geographical naming disputes.
Author(s): Jeongbo Shim
Series: Historical Geography and Geosciences
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 207
City: Cham
Foreword
Preface
Introduction
Contents
About the Author
1 Story of Geographical Names and Disputes
1.1 Origination of Geographical Name and Function
1.2 The Politics of Geographical Name and Controversy
2 Beginning of Discomfort and Dispute
2.1 International Community and the Standardization of Geographical Names
2.1.1 The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
2.1.2 The U.N. Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names
2.2 Korea’s Campaign to Restore the Name of East Sea
2.2.1 Discussion on the Name of East Sea
2.2.2 Justification for Using the Name of East Sea
2.2.3 The Dual Names of East Sea/Sea of Japan
2.3 Uncomfortable East Sea and Sea of Japan
2.3.1 A Bone of Contention Between the Japanese and Korean Governments
2.3.2 Controversy Over the Removal of Baik Nam June’s Work with an Engraving of the Name of Sea of Japan
2.3.3 Pulverization of the Name of East Sea on the Monument for Korea–Japan Amicable Exchange in Tottori Prefecture
2.3.4 Controversy Over the Name of Sea of Japan in the Closing Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics
2.3.5 Boycott and Retrieval of Products Containing the Names of East Sea and Sea of Japan
2.3.6 The Controversy Caused by the U.S. Proposal on the Single Use of the Name of Sea of Japan
2.3.7 Dispute Over Geographical Name Between Korean and Japanese Tourists in Germany
3 East Sea, an Endonym of Korea
3.1 East Sea Appeared in Ancient Documents
3.1.1 The Creation of East Sea
3.1.2 East Sea in the Inscription of the King Gwanggaeto Monument
3.1.3 East Sea on the Underwater Royal Grave of the King Munmu
3.1.4 East Sea Appeared in Literary Works
3.2 Ancient Maps in the Joseon Dynasty Era and East Sea
3.2.1 East Sea in Joseon jeondo (The Complete Map of Joseon)
3.2.2 East Sea in Regional Maps
3.2.3 East Sea in Gwanbang jido (Military Map)
3.2.4 Sea of Japan and East Sea in Manguk jeondo (World Map)
4 Endonym and Exonym of Japan
4.1 The Origin of Endonym
4.1.1 North Sea First Appeared in Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan)
4.1.2 The Name of North Sea Customarily Used by Residents
4.2 Exonym Appeared in Around the Nineteenth Century
4.2.1 Inland Sea of Japan Named First on the Map
4.2.2 The First Ancient Map to Name Sea of Joseon
4.2.3 The First Ancient Japanese Map to Name Sea of Japan
4.3 Government-Published Ancient Maps and Regional Maps in the Early Nineteenth Century
4.3.1 Sea of Joseon in the Government-Published Nippon henkai ryakuzu (Simplified Map of Japan’s Periphery)
4.3.2 Sea of Joseon in the Government-Published Shintei bankoku zenzu (Newly Revised Map of the World)
4.3.3 An Influence of Government-Published Maps and the Sea of Joseon
4.3.4 North Sea in Regional Maps
4.4 Government-Published Ancient Maps in the Middle Nineteenth Century and Sea of Japan
4.4.1 Background of the Revision of the Government-Published Ancient Maps
4.4.2 Sea of Japan in Government-Published Jutei bankoku zenzu (The Second Revised Map of the World)
4.5 Sea of Joseon and Sea of Japan in Ancient Maps in the Late Nineteenth Century
4.5.1 Ancient Territorial Globes and Maps with the Name of Sea of Joseon
4.5.2 Sea of Japan Named in the Sea to the East of the Japanese Islands
4.5.3 Dual Names for the Sea
5 Various Exonyms Used in the West
5.1 The Chronological Trends of the Names of the Sea Between Korea and Japan
5.2 The East Asia Unknown to the West Until the Late Sixteenth Century and Exonym
5.2.1 Mangi Sea (Mare de Mangi) Originated from a Name of the Southern China Region
5.2.2 Sea of Japan Inscribed for the First Time in the Sea to the East of the Japanese Islands
5.2.3 China Sea Originated from a Name of China
5.2.4 Ancient Maps Without Sea Names
5.3 Various Exonyms for the Sea Between Korea and Japan After the Seventeenth Century
5.3.1 Sea of Japan and North Sea of Japan Appeared First as a Name for the Sea Between Korea and Japan
5.3.2 Creation of the Names of Sea of Korea and Korea Gulf Originated from a Name of Korea
5.3.3 Oriental Sea of the Orient as Opposed to the Occident
5.3.4 East Sea Referring to the East of the Eurasian Continent
5.3.5 Tartary Sea Originated from a Geographical Name of the Eastern Mongols
5.3.6 Two or More Sea Names for the Sea Between Korea and Japan
5.3.7 Dual Names of Oriental Sea/Sea of Japan for the Sea Between Korea and Japan
5.4 Westerners’ Expedition to East Asia and the Spread of Sea of Japan Around the Nineteenth Century
5.4.1 La Pérouse’ Expedition for Discoveries and the Name of Sea of Japan
5.4.2 Krusenstern’s Expedition and the Name of Sea of Japan
5.4.3 Siebold’ Study on Japan and the Name of Sea of Japan
6 Sea of Japan and East Sea in Modern Geography Education
6.1 North Sea and Sea of Japan in Japanese Geography Textbooks
6.1.1 General Trends of the Meiji Period
6.1.2 North Sea, An Endonym in the Early Meiji Period
6.1.3 Sea of Japan, An Exonym in the Early Meiji Period
6.1.4 Sea of Japan in the Japanese Ministry of Education-Published Geography Textbook
6.1.5 Geography Textbooks of the Late Nineteenth Century and Sea of Japan
6.1.6 Settlement of ‘The Name of Sea of Japan’ in the Russo-Japanese War in the Early Twentieth Century
6.2 Korean Geography Textbooks and the Ordeal over the Name of East Sea
6.2.1 General Trends Before the Japanese Annexation of Korea
6.2.2 The First Korean Geography Textbook Authored by a Foreign Missionary and Sea of Japan
6.2.3 The First Government-Published Geography Textbook and Sea of Japan
6.2.4 The Intervention of the Japanese Residency-General of Korea After the Eulsa Treaty and the Solidification of the Name of Sea of Japan
6.2.5 Creation of a National Anthem Longing for Loyalty and Patriotism and East Sea
6.2.6 Hyeon Chae’s Writing of Gukeo dokbon (Korean Language Textbook) as a Pioneer of a Critical Mind
6.2.7 Hyen Gongryeom’s Creation of Maps Following Hyeon Chae’s Consciousness
6.2.8 Sea of Joseon, Sea of Korea, and Dual Names Appeared in Privately Authored Geography Textbooks
6.2.9 Representation of a Rabbit-Shaped Map Degrading the Sea of Japan
6.2.10 Standardization of the Name of Sea of Japan Led by the Japanese Government-General in Colonial Joseon and a Forced Identity
6.2.11 East Sea as a Symbol of Postwar Korean Independence
7 Unfinished Story About Geographical Name
7.1 Sea of Korea Preferred by Koreans
7.2 Third Sea Names
7.3 Dual Name of East Sea/Sea of Japan
Appendix_1
Appendix_2
Appendix_3
Glossary
References
Korean Reference
