This book is about emotion and personality, focusing on how emotion powerfully influences moment-to-moment thoughts, behaviors, and interpersonal interactions. Though emotion is continually present, it is seldom in consciousness, and thus affects lives in a covert manner. This hidden influence is revealed through the example of the lives of three famous mid-century psychologists: Carl Rogers, Albert Ellis, and Fritz Perls. Carol Magai and Jeanette Haviland-Jones show how each person has his or her own unique "emotional organization," that exerts a distinct and unique bias on what we see, feel, and think.
Author(s): Carol Magai, Jeannette Haviland-Jones
Year: 2002
Language: English
Pages: 544
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
PART I Introduction......Page 19
The Affective Connection......Page 21
Working Documents of the Project: Use of Narrative and Film Material......Page 33
Summary and Overview of the Volume......Page 37
Being and Time: The Historical Context......Page 40
2 Affect, Human Development, and Dynamic Systems......Page 45
Scope of Developmental Psychology: Then and Now......Page 47
Emotion......Page 48
Biography......Page 49
Dynamic Systems: Background and Conceptual Terms......Page 51
Emotion......Page 55
Dynamic Systems......Page 57
Generalization from Cases......Page 68
PART II Emotion as the Integrative Link in Social and Personality Development......Page 71
Overview......Page 73
Rogers’s Early Life......Page 78
Analysis of Rogers’ Earliest Life......Page 80
The Early School Years......Page 83
Period of Rebellion......Page 88
Commitment to Healing......Page 93
Commitment to Achievement......Page 97
Affective Themes and Their Dynamic Interplay in Personality......Page 101
Emotional Profile of Rogers......Page 102
Excitement and Interest......Page 107
Shame......Page 109
Application of Affect Theory......Page 110
Summary and Concluding Thoughts......Page 120
4 Lives Repelled by Fear and Distress......Page 121
Early Childhood......Page 124
Developmental Analysis of Childhood and Adolescence......Page 126
Becoming an Adult: Adolescence and Young Adult Years......Page 140
Ellis Formalizes His Therapeutic Ideology......Page 145
How to Finesse Negative Emotion......Page 146
Ellis and Intimacy......Page 148
Summary and Concluding Thoughts......Page 160
5 Lives Repelled and Attracted by Contempt and Shame......Page 164
Socioemotional Development......Page 168
Early Life......Page 172
Adolescence and Early Adulthood......Page 175
Later Adult Life......Page 178
Content Analysis of the Autobiography......Page 184
Attachment Style......Page 187
The Perls Affective Persona......Page 200
Perls’s Theory of Emotion......Page 205
Affects in Psychotherapy......Page 209
Concluding Thoughts......Page 211
PART III Emotion as the Link in Intellectual Work......Page 215
6 Wisdom and Passion......Page 217
Emotional Patterns......Page 222
Organization Analysis......Page 226
Absolute Logic......Page 229
Relativistic Logic......Page 231
Patterned Thought......Page 232
Conventions or Personal Style......Page 235
The Traditions: Genius of Emotion as Oxymoronic......Page 236
Differential Emotion and Thought......Page 240
Coding......Page 243
7 Cognitive Stages and Joy, Surprise......Page 245
Interest and Joy as Information Filters......Page 247
Flexible Emotion......Page 248
Blocked, Silent, and Singular Emotions and Thoughts......Page 249
Book 1......Page 250
Book 2......Page 254
Book 3......Page 258
Joy Alone......Page 264
Book 2......Page 265
Book 3......Page 267
Book 1: Emergence of a Passionate Therapy......Page 270
Book 2: Linking Emotions to Stages in Therapy......Page 273
Book 3: Integrating Passion and Being......Page 284
Book 1......Page 289
Book 2......Page 293
Book 3......Page 294
8 Cartesian Logic and Anger, Fear......Page 303
Stated Philosophy......Page 306
Expectations for Life’s Work from Socioemotional Development......Page 307
Intimacy and Emotionality Emerge as Problem Areas......Page 310
The Singular Emotion of Fear: Continuity Across a Life and Across Themes......Page 312
Multiple Emotions – A Second View......Page 316
Cognitive Style in the First Writings Related to Fear and Magnified Emotionality......Page 318
Emotion and Logic – Fear and Absolute Thinking......Page 320
Later Books on RET Therapy......Page 324
The Silent Emotion: Contempt......Page 329
Layers of Information......Page 341
Ellis’s Challenge......Page 342
Ideoaffective Themes: Nontransforming Adult Development......Page 344
Fear and Contempt: A Particular Closed Organizing System......Page 345
Background Issues: The Hidden Patterns Emerge......Page 347
Ellis on the Frontier......Page 348
9 Dialectical Logic and Excitement, Disgust, and Shame......Page 351
The Development of Perls’s Ideoaffective Processes......Page 356
Work in the Early Years: Building and Exploring the Emotional Scripts......Page 358
Emotional Content in the Early Years......Page 360
Early Emotional Patterns......Page 378
Perls as a Wild Man......Page 379
Transition to Later Years......Page 383
Perls Late in Life: The Gestalt Approach and Gestalt Therapy Verbatim......Page 384
Organismic Organization to Holistic Doctrine......Page 386
Emotional Resistance to Lack of Self-Expression......Page 388
From Shame to Underdog......Page 391
Self-Conscious to Self-Actualization......Page 393
From Internal Babble to Fertile Void......Page 394
Summary......Page 397
PART IV Emotion as the Link in Therapeutic Behavior......Page 401
10 Postures and Climate in Dyadic Interaction......Page 403
Affective Fractals......Page 404
Analyses of Gloria’s Roles in Therapy......Page 406
Coding Gloria’s Affect......Page 407
Gloria’s Use of Verbal Emotion......Page 410
Changes in Gloria Across Sessions......Page 411
Setting the Emotional Climate......Page 412
The Film......Page 413
Therapeutic Intentions and Outcomes......Page 414
Environment and Static Posture......Page 415
Clear and Open Posture......Page 417
More than Clear – Focused......Page 418
Prizing......Page 419
Summary of the Rogerian Environment......Page 420
Moving Around in Feelings – Synchrony......Page 421
Moving from Distant to Present......Page 423
Stated Intentions......Page 424
Environment and Static Posture......Page 426
Head First......Page 428
Practicing–Repeating......Page 430
Teaching......Page 431
Work......Page 432
Boundaries......Page 438
Perls’s Intentions and Goals......Page 440
Perls on Tape: Establishing the Emotional Climate......Page 442
Perls’s Nonverbal Climate and Commentary......Page 450
Summary......Page 451
Emotional Climate in Therapy......Page 453
Goals and Posture......Page 454
Therapist Compatibility......Page 456
Attachment Styles......Page 457
Emotional Expression......Page 458
Concluding with Gloria......Page 461
PART V Presenting a New View......Page 463
11 Summarizing the Emotional Links......Page 465
Reviewing the Particulars of Small Expressive Behaviors......Page 466
Affective Organization, Theories, Values, and Goals......Page 470
Attachment Relationships......Page 473
Attachment and Therapy......Page 480
Emotions Set Boundary Conditions for Growth and Change......Page 483
Emotions as Agents of Developmental Divergence......Page 486
Change: Crisis Versus Small Effects......Page 489
12 Lives and Change......Page 491
Old Psychology......Page 492
New Views......Page 493
Means Become Ends......Page 496
Dynamic Systems: A New View......Page 498
Emotions as Change Agents in a Contextual Environment......Page 503
Order, Complexity, and Chaos......Page 506
Singular Events and Personality......Page 509
Patterns and Attractors......Page 511
Development......Page 512
State Changes......Page 513
Determinism and Nondeterminism......Page 514
Recognizing an Organized Pattern......Page 515
Summary and Concluding Thoughts......Page 516
Discrete Emotions......Page 518
Global Emotional Terms......Page 519
Affect Words......Page 520
Facial Expressions......Page 521
Affects......Page 522
Intellectual Style......Page 523
References......Page 525
Subject Index......Page 539
Author Index......Page 543
