The Handbook of Salutogenesis

Foreword
Preface
Reference
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Editors
Contributors
Part I: Salutogenesis from Its Origins to the Present
1: Salutogenesis From Its Origins to the Present
2: Mileposts in the Development of Salutogenesis
First Encounter
My Understanding of “Salutogenesis” Before Antonovsky
A Chronology of Key Developments After 1996
Conclusion
References
3: Salutogenesis as a Theory, as an Orientation and as the Sense of Coherence
Introduction
The Salutogenic Model
Salutogenesis as the Sense of Coherence
The Salutogenic Orientation
Salutogenesis in Companionship: Comparable Concepts and Developments
Conclusions
References
4: Aaron Antonovsky (1923–1994): The Personal, Ideological, and Intellectual Genesis of Salutogenesis
Introduction
Rebellion and the Importance of Questions
Warmth and Informality Versus Strictness and Academic Demands
The Establishment of the Medical School and the “Beer Sheva Spirit”
A Closure and New Horizons
References
5: Aaron Antonovsky’s Development of Salutogenesis, 1979–1994
Introduction
Stress Research: The Principal Note
General Resistance Resources (GRRs): A Shift to Another Key
Sense of Coherence (SOC): Successive Notes of the Scale
Tuning the Model: General Resistance Resources—General Resistance Deficits
Health and Well-Being: In or Off Key?
Harmonizing: SMH’s Relevance for Health Promotion
Conclusions
References
6: Salutogenesis Meeting Places: The Global Working Group, the Center, and the Society on Salutogenesis
Introduction
Society for Theory and Research on Salutogenesis (STARS)
Global Working Group on Salutogenesis (GWG-Sal)
Center of Salutogenesis, University of Zürich
Conclusion
References
7: Salutogenesis Post-Graduate Education: Experience From the European Perspective on the ETC-PHHP Health Promotion Summer Schools (1991–2020)
Introduction
Competence Development
The Summer School Programme
Following the Principles of Health Promotion
Salutogenesis
Assets
References
Part II: Key Concepts in the Salutogenic Model of Health
8: Key Concepts in the Salutogenic Model of Health
9: The Sense of Coherence: The Concept and Its Relationship to Health
Introduction
The Ontological Background
The Epistemological Background
Health as a Process
Generalized and Specific Resistance Resources
Sense of Coherence
Sense of Coherence and the Relationship to Health
References
10: Stressor Appraisal on a Pathway to Health: The Role of the Sense of Coherence
Introduction
The Central Role of the Brain
Stimulus and Stressor Appraisal on the Pathway to Health
Primary Appraisal I
Primary Appraisal II
Primary Appraisal III
Secondary Appraisal
Tertiary Appraisal
Discussion
A Role for Health Promotion
Moving Forward
References
11: The Sense of Coherence: Measurement Issues
Introduction
The Validity and Reliability of the Sense of Coherence
Critique of the SOC-29 and SOC-13
Sense of Coherence Develops Over Time
Salutogenesis Is More than the Measurement of the Sense of Coherence
References
12: Generalized Resistance Resources in the Salutogenic Model of Health
Introduction
Generalized Resistance Resources: The Individual Level
Emotional Closeness and Attachment Relationships
Personal Characteristics and Resources
Individuals’ Social Support
Genetic Factors
Generalized Resistance Resources: The Family Level
Parental Resources
Families’ Demographic Resources
Family Climate Factors
Generalized Resistance Resources: The Community Level
School Setting
Community Feature
Conclusions and Directions for Further Research and Interventions
Selected GRR-RDs
Clinical and Interventional Implications
References
13: Specific Resistance Resources in the Salutogenic Model of Health
Introduction
The Salutogenic Model of Health Logic
Specific Resistance Resources
Definition of Specific Resistance Resources
Examples of Specific Resistance Resources
Health-Promoting Schools in Norway
Child Health in the Andean Highlands in Peru
Support Services for Orphaned Children and Adolescents in Botswana
Sexual Orientation and Gender-Identity Support Services in the USA
Non-institutional SRRs in Caregiving Dyads in Sweden
Conclusion
References
Part III: The Sense of Coherence in the Life Course
14: The Sense of Coherence in the Life Course
Introduction
Childhood and Families
Adolescence
Transitions in Adulthood
Older Age
Enhancing the Sense of Coherence along the Life Span
Knowledge, Gaps, and Perspectives
References
15: Salutogenesis: Sense of Coherence in Childhood and Families
Introduction
Children’s Sense of Coherence Scale
Studies on SOC During Childhood
SOC and the Child’s Environments: Family, School, Peers, and Community
The Relations Between Children’s SOC and Families’ Characteristics
SOC as Predictor of Health and Health Behavior
Parents’ SOC and Children’s Health
Conclusions and Future Research Directions
References
16: Salutogenesis and the Sense of Coherence During the Adolescent Years
The Developmental Stage of Adolescence
Studies of SOC During Adolescence
Adaptations of the SOC Questionnaires
The SOC Construct During Adolescence
SOC, Health, Mental Health, and Psychosocial Behavior
Ecological Contexts: Family, School, Peers, and Community
Conclusions, Implications, and Directions for Future Research
References
17: Salutogenesis and the Sense of Coherence in Young Adults Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET)
Introduction
Risk Factors and Risk Situations
Being a Woman—Being at Risk for NEET
Poor Health as Cause and Effect of NEET Situations
Programs and Projects to Resolve an Unresolved Global Problem
A Salutogenic Perspective on NEET Situations
A 3-Year Peer-to-Peer Study to Understand Young Adults in NEET Situations
Generalised and Specific Resistance Resources of Young Adults in NEET Situations
Specific Resistance Resources (SRRs) and the Support System
Discussion
Future Questions and Developments
References
18: Salutogenesis and the Sense of Coherence in Middle Adulthood
Introduction
Late Middle Age: Time for Stocktaking
Particularities of the Sixth Decade of Life
Gender
The Biography as a Learning Process
Life Stages and Life Tasks
Learning in Crises: Continuity and Break
Identity, SOC and Life Cycle
Salutogenesis as Relationship-Related Health Development and Learning Process
Case Study: ‘I Have Lost Sight of My Goal’
A Brief Characterization of the Encounters
Health Goals and Biographical Development Tasks in the Course of the Review Dialogues
The Body as Mediator
Development of the SOC in the Life Course
Discussion
Double Birth: Constitution and Personalization
Special Features of the Sixth Decade of Life
Critical Life Events
Identity, SOC and Life Cycle
Development of the SOC
References
19: Older People, Sense of Coherence and Community
Introduction
From Healthy Ageing to Salutogenic Ageing
Life Course Perspective
Sense of Coherence and Its Three Dimensions
Development of the SOC in the Life Course.
SOC Contributes to Ageing Well
GRRs and SRRs for Older People
The Community
Ageing in the Community
Discussion and Implications for Salutogenic Research
References
20: Effectiveness of Interventions to Enhance the Sense of Coherence in the Life Course
Introduction
The Theory of Salutogenesis and Interventions
Methods
Data Searches
Definition of the Criteria for Salutogenic Interventions
Findings
Search Outcomes
The SOC as the Outcome of the Studies: The Extent of Salutogenic Content in the Intervention and the Development of the SOC
Young People
Occupational Health/Unemployed People
Health Professionals
People with Disabilities, Psychosomatic, and Mental Health Problems
People with Physical Problems and Hospital Patients
Elderly People
Interventions on Other Topics
Discussion
The Extent of Salutogenic Content in the Interventions of the Different Studies
Change and Development of the SOC in Different Life Situations
The Effect on Participants’ SOC According to the Interventions’ Salutogenic Orientation
Strengths and Limitations
Implications for Further Research
Conclusion
References
Part IV: Salutogenesis Beyond Health
21: Salutogenesis beyond Health
Reference
22: Salutogenesis Beyond Health: Intergroup Relations and Conflict Studies
Introduction
Dilemmas in Broadening Salutogenesis into an Interdisciplinary Framework
Toward Exploring Salutogenic Questions in an Interdisciplinary Framework
Sense of Coherence: From the Individual to the Collective Concept
Sense of Community Coherence
Sense of National Coherence
Salutogenesis and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociopolitical Considerations
References
23: Positive Psychology and Its Relation to Salutogenesis
Introduction
Positive Psychology and Salutogenesis
Sense of Coherence and Positive Psychology
A Salutogenic Positive Psychology
Conclusion
References
24: The Application of Salutogenesis in Politics and Public Policy-Making
Introduction
Politics and Policies
Linking Salutogenesis and Public Policy-Making
Salutogenesis as a Global Orientation Towards Positive Outcomes and Resources
Experiences from Various Settings
From ‘Wicked Problems’ to ‘Healthy Societies’?
Politics and Policy Coherence
Horizontal Coherence: Collaboration and Cooperation
Vertical Policy Coherence: From a Decision to Implementation
Concluding Remarks
References
25: The Application of Salutogenesis for Social Support and Participation: Toward Fostering Active and Engaged Aging at Home
Introduction
Salutogenesis and Older Adults
Social Support and Participation
Social Isolation and Loneliness
Environment and Salutogenesis for an Active and Engaged Aging at Home
Aging in Place Policies and Programs Fostering Mobility and Social Support
Policies
Programs
Opportunities and Challenges Related to Planning and Evaluation
Conclusion
References
26: Salutogenic Architecture
Introduction
Limitations of Previous Theories Linking Aesthetic Design and Health
Overview of Salutogenic Theory and its Relevance to Architecture
Relationships Between General Resistance Resources and Stressors
The Three SOC-Related Categories of Generalised Resistance Resources
Aesthetics of the Built Environment Influencing Health
Promoting Manageability, Comprehensibility and Meaningfulness in Architecture
Manageability in Architecture
Comprehensibility in Architecture
Meaningfulness in Architecture
Design for the Greater Good
Setting the Stage for Positive Narratives
Embodying Meaningful Symbolic Expressions
Providing for Meaningful Engagement
Design for Positive Choices
Discussion
Challenges for the Future
References
Part V: Salutogenesis in Health Promoting Settings: Organisations, Communities and Environments
27: Salutogenesis in Health Promoting Settings: A Synthesis Across Organizations, Communities, and Environments
Introduction
Application of Salutogenesis in the Chapters in Part V
Overall Conceptual Relationships between Everyday Settings and Salutogenesis
Interrelationships between Settings from a Salutogenic Perspective
Dynamics of the Development, Depletion, and Restoration of GRRs and SOC
Consider Positive Health Outcomes and a Path of Positive Health Development
Social Relationships in Settings: Group-Level SOC in Settings
Inclusion and Equity Perspective
Salutogenesis Guiding Coherent Interventions in Settings
Conclusions for Future Research and Practice
References
28: Applying Salutogenesis in Organisations
Introduction
Introducing the Key Idea of Organisational Health Development
Context: The Growing Significance of Organisations for Health
Implications for Practice and Research
Organisational Health Research Explicitly Related to Salutogenesis
Broader Organisational Health Research Aligned with the Salutogenic Orientation
Previous Conceptualisations of Organisational Health
Emergence of the Organisational Health Development (OHD) Model Rooted in Salutogenesis
The OHD Model as a Specification and Expansion of the Salutogenic Model
State of Intervention Approaches to Improve Organisational Health
OHD Model Guiding Capacity-Building in Practice
Capacity-Building for OHD: Relationship to the Salutogenic Model
Conclusions for Future Research and Practice
Future Challenges
References
29: Applying Salutogenesis in Schools
Introduction
Salutogenesis and the Sense of Coherence
A Health Promoting School
Salutogenesis and Schools
Relations between School, Sense of Coherence, and Young People’s Health
Health Promoting Schools and a Salutogenic Orientation
The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model
Shape Up as a Salutogenic Health Promotion Project
Relations Between HPS and Young People’s Health and Learning
Discussion and Conclusions
Future Challenges
References
30: Applying Salutogenesis in Higher Education
Introduction
Promoting Health and Well-Being in the University Setting: An Overview
Conceptualising Health Promoting Universities: A Salutogenic Whole System Approach
Empirical Research on Health Promoting Universities
Research Relating to Salutogenesis and Universities
Promoting Health and Well-Being in the University Setting: Emerging Challenges and Responses
Discussion
Conclusion and Challenges for the Future
References
31: Applying Salutogenesis in the Workplace
Introduction
General Resistance Resources and Sense of Coherence in the Context of Work
Cultural Context
Practice Context
Research on the Role of Sense of Coherence at Work
Job Demands, Control, and Support—A Salutogenic Pathway
The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model Viewed Through the Lens of Salutogenesis
Adding Salutogenesis: The JD-R Health Model
The Dynamics of Job Resources
The Role of Sense of Coherence in the Salutogenic and Pathogenic Pathways
Work-SoC: Measuring Coherent Work Experiences
Meaningfulness and Work
Job Crafting: From Reacting to Acting
Self-Tuning: Promoting and Protecting a Meaningful Work-Life
Pathogenic and Salutogenic Health Measures in the Context of Workplace Health Promotion
Making Salutogenesis Visible
The ARK Intervention Programme: A Salutogenic Focus in Academic Institutions
Discussion
Challenges for the Future
References
32: Salutogenesis and Mental Health Promotion in Military Settings
Introduction
How I Ended Up with Salutogenesis in Military Settings, and Some Moral Reflections on Their Relationship
A Pathogenic Perspective: Impact of Military Service on Mental Distress
A Salutogenic Perspective: The Relationship Between Military Service and Mental Health
Mental Fitness Versus Resilience
The Mental Fitness Branch in the IDF and Its Salutogenic Interventions
Training Techniques for Combat Soldiers
Mental Preparation of First Responders and Exposed Populations
Enhancing Mental Fitness in the Military of the United States, Australia, and Germany
Empirical Research on SOC and Mental Health in Military Settings
The Growing Awareness of SOC in the IDF
Some Insights and Recommendations
Epilogue
References
33: The Application of Salutogenesis in Communities and Neighborhoods
Introduction
Community Intervention Approaches
Locality Development
Assets Orientation
Community Organizing
Communities as Complex Social Systems
Link Between Healthy Communities and Salutogenesis Communities and Neighborhoods
Current Literature on Salutogenesis, Community, and Neighborhood
Community as a Place to Live
Green Spaces and Contact to Nature
Connectedness
Community as Social Action
Current Research: Interventions
Community as a Place
Place-Related Design Principles
Connected Communities
Social Community Action
Synergies Between Improving Place, Connectedness, and Community Action and the Wider Determinants of Health
Implications for Salutogenic Practice
Implications for Salutogenic Research
Challenges for the Future
References
34: Applying Salutogenesis in Towns and Cities
Introduction
Key Concepts and Cultural, Practice and Research Contexts
Salutogenesis and the Urban Environment
Environmental Justice
The Healthy City Network
Infrastructure and Transport
Active Travel
Green Spaces, Recreation and Physical Activity
Sense of Place
Links Between Environmental Resources, Place and Salutogenesis
Research on Interventions
Evaluations of the Healthy City Network
Walkability: An Example of the Need for Cross-Sector Collaboration Over Time
Procedural Environmental Justice and Inclusive Planning at the Local Level
Discussion
Implications for Salutogenesis Practice
Implications for Salutogenesis Research
References
35: The Restorative Environment and Salutogenesis: Complementary Concepts Revisited
Introduction
Key Concepts
Resources
Antecedent Condition for Restoration
The Restorative Environment
Constrained Restoration
Key Cultural, Practice and Research Contexts
Natural and Urban Environments
Residential Environments
Healthcare Environments
Theoretical and Empirical Research
Basic Theory and Research on Restorative Processes
Psychophysiological Stress Recovery Theory
Attention Restoration Theory
Social Aspects of Restorative Experience
Insights from Behaviour Setting Theory
A Theory of Collective Restoration
Research on Interventions
Discussion of Implications
Implications for Salutogenesis Research
Implications for Salutogenesis Practice
Challenges for the Future
References
Part VI: Applying Salutogenesis in Healthcare Settings
36: Applying Salutogenesis in Healthcare Settings
The Challenge of Integrating Salutogenesis into Health Care
What Does Salutogenesis Specifically Mean for Health Care?
Overview of Chap. 37, the Application of Salutogenesis in Hospitals, by Christina Dietscher, Ulrike Winter, and Jürgen M. Pelikan
Overview of Chap. 38, Applying Salutogenesis in Primary Health Care, by Daniela Rojatz, Peter Nowak, Ottomar Bahrs, and Jürgen M. Pelikan
Overview of Chap. 39, Applying Salutogenesis in Mental Healthcare Settings, by Eva Langeland and Hege Forbech Vinje
Overview of Chap. 40, Applying Salutogenesis in Vocational Rehabilitation Settings, by Monica Lillefjell, Ruca Maass, and Camilla Ihlebæk
Overview of Chap. 41, Applying Salutogenesis in Residential Care Settings, by Viktoria Quehenberger and Karl Krajic
Overview of Chap. 42, Applying Salutogenesis in Midwifery Practice, by Sally Muggleton and Deborah Davis
Overview of Chap. 43, the Application of Salutogenesis in Birth, Neonatal, and Infant Care Settings, by Soo Downe, Shefaly Shorey, Claudia Meier Magistretti, and Bengt Lindström
Overview of Chap. 44, Applying Salutogenesis in Community-Wide Mental Health Promotion, by Vibeke Koushede and Robert Donovan
References
37: The Application of Salutogenesis in Hospitals
Introduction
A General Salutogenic Orientation on Hospitals
Sense of Coherence
Developing Organizational Capacities for Salutogenesis
Research on Salutogenesis as Applied to Hospitals
Salutogenesis in Relation to Hospital Patients
Which Concepts of Salutogenesis Are Referred to?
The SOC in Relation to Physical Symptoms
The SOC in Relation to Mental Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Patient Satisfaction
The SOC, Adjustment to Disease, Self-Management, and Adherence to Treatment
The SOC and Social Outcomes
The SOC and Positive Health
The SOC in Relation to Gender, Age, and Socioeconomic Status
The SOC in Relation to Patients’ Family Members
Salutogenesis in General and the Salutogenic Model
Salutogenesis and Impacts of the Hospital Setting on Patients
Implications for Salutogenic Patient-Oriented Interventions
Using the SOC as a Diagnostic Tool
Adapting Treatment Schemes
Supporting Self-Care and Self-Management
Supporting Caring Relatives
Improving the Impact of Hospital Functioning on Salutogenesis
Salutogenic Interventions by Different Healthcare Professions
Salutogenesis in Relation to Hospital Staff
Implications for Occupational Health in Hospitals
Salutogenesis and Health-Promoting Hospitals (HPHs)
Conceptual and Practical Links Between HPH and Salutogenesis
Discussion and Conclusions
A General Salutogenic Orientation and the Salutogenic Model
The Sense of Coherence
Which Intervention Approaches Are Suggested for Whom?
Needs for Further Research
Limitations
References
38: The Application of Salutogenesis in Primary Care
Introduction
Defining Key Terms: Primary Care and Salutogenesis
Primary Care
Salutogenesis as an Orientation, a Model, and the Sense of Coherence
Salutogenesis and Its Relevance to Primary Care
Salutogenesis and Primary Care in Policy, Research and Practice
Policy: Approaching Salutogenic Primary Care by Relating it to Public Health and Health Promotion
Research: Application of Salutogenesis in Primary Care
Salutogenesis as an Orientation
Salutogenesis as a Model
SOC as an Outcome Measure
Practice: Piloting the Application of Health Promotion and Salutogenesis in Primary Care
Application of Salutogenesis in Primary Care Practice: Review Dialogue
Applying Health Orientation and Salutogenesis to Primary Care: Piloting a Comprehensive Approach
Macro-level
Meso-level
Micro-level
Application of Salutogenesis
Lessons for Implementation
Conclusions
References
39: Applying Salutogenesis in Mental Healthcare Settings
Introduction
Mental Health and Mental Health Challenges
Applying Salutogenesis in Mental Healthcare Settings
Salutogenic Talk Therapy
Other Perspectives on Salutogenesis and Therapy
Social Support
Salutogenic Self-Identity
Conclusion
References
40: Applying Salutogenesis in Vocational Rehabilitation Settings
Introduction
Descriptive Research
Intervention Research
Discussion
Implications for Salutogenesis Research
Challenges for the Future
References
41: Applying Salutogenesis in Residential Care Settings
Introduction
Residential Aged Care
Salutogenesis
Salutogenesis and Its Relevance in Residential Care Settings
The Current State of Research
Descriptive Research
Intervention Research
Discussion: Implications and Challenges
Conclusions
References
42: Applying Salutogenesis in Midwifery Practice
Introduction
Can Midwifery Practice Be Salutogenic?
Salutogenesis and Midwifery Research
Childbirth Education
Salutary Childbirth Education Program
Sense of Coherence
Manageability
Comprehensibility
Meaningfulness
Resistance Resources
The Study
Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
References
43: The Application of Salutogenesis in Birth, Neonatal, and Infant Care Settings
Introduction
Salutogenesis and Maternity Care
Salutogenic Approaches to Neonatal and Infant Service Provision
Salutogenesis and Attachment in Infancy
The Nature and Impact of Early Support
Strengthening the SOC in Families
Access to Early Education Offers
Coherence and Early Support
Discussion
Research Gaps and Future Direction
Conclusion
References
44: Applying Salutogenesis in Community-Wide Mental Health Promotion
Introduction
The Mental Health Ease–Disease Continuum
Campaign Origins
The ABC Message
How Act-Belong-Commit Operates in Western Australia
How the ABCs of Mental Health Operates in Denmark
Adaptation and Implementation of the ABCs of Mental Health in Denmark
Organisation of the ABCs of Mental Health
Act-Belong-Commit/ABCs of Mental Health in Communities and Cities
References
Part VII: Salutogenesis in Challenging Social Circumstances and Environments
45: Salutogenesis in Challenging Social Circumstances and Environments
Introduction
Conclusions
Reference
46: The Salutogenic Approach to Childcare in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Focus on Children Who Thrive in the Face of Adversity
Introduction
Childcare and Resources for Care
The Importance of Context
Children Who Thrive: Why It Matters
Salutogenesis in Childcare: Why It Matters in SSA
Salutogenic Research Examples in SSA
A Salutogenic Approach to Childcare: Examples from Poor Urban Settings
A Health System’s Strengthening Intervention Targeting Mothers, Neonates and Children
A Subsidised Daycare Programme for the Urban Poor
A School Health and Nutrition Programme in Poor Urban Settings
Conclusions and Future Research Directions
References
47: Salutogenesis and Migration
Introduction
Salutogenesis and Voluntary Migration
Internal Voluntary Migration
External Labour Migration
External Migration for Education
Salutogenesis and Forced Migration
Salutogenesis and Internally Displaced Persons
Salutogenesis and Refugees
Health Promotion Interventions for Migrants
How Does Salutogenesis Contribute to Research with Refugees?
References
48: Salutogenic Approaches to Dementia Care
Introduction
Zeisel’s Hope Versus Despair Model
Design Approaches: How They Can Help?
Unobtrusive Control of Exits to Dangerous Places
Walking Paths with Clear Destinations
Common Space Differentiation
Private Spaces and Personalisation
Access to Accommodating Secure Gardens
Nature and Internal Clocks
Residential Quality
Comprehensible Sensory Environment
Support for Independence
Support Verbal Communication with Non-verbal Communication
Choices, 24 Hours a Day
How Improving the Comprehensibility SRR Supports Manageability and Meaningfulness
Salutogenic Design for Treatment, Not Management
Bibliography
49: Salutogenesis as a Framework for Social Recovery After Disaster
Introduction
What Happened on July 6, 2013, and How Was Public Health Involved Initially?
Quantitative Methods in Addressing Challenging Environments: Monitoring the Psychosocial Impacts of Disasters
Qualitative Methods in Addressing Challenging Environments: Asset Mapping and Co-construction of an Action Plan After Disasters
A Community Outreach Team, Based on a Multilevel Approach
Promising Initiatives to Mobilize the Local Community in a Post-disaster Landscape
Concrete Examples of Promising Initiatives
Photovoice
Ephemeral Place
Lessons Learned from a Citizen’s Perspective
Long-Term Trends in Psychosocial Outcomes Following a Disaster
Conclusion
References
50: Salutogenesis and the Mental Health of First Responders
Introduction
Mental Hazards in the Work of First Responders
A Mental Efforts Scale as an Aid in Preparing FRs for Coping with Mental Challenges: Proposing a Salutogenic Mental Fitness Model
Summary and Recommendations
References
51: Salutogenesis in Prison
Introduction
The Pathogenic Approach Towards Prison Health Policy and Practice
The Shift Towards Salutogenesis
What Makes People Healthy in Prison?
Empowerment and Salutogenesis in Prison
Conclusion
References
Part VIII: Salutogenesis Theory and Methods: Developments, Innovations and Next Steps
52: Salutogenesis Theory and Methods: Developments, Innovations and Next Steps
Theoretical Issues in the Further Development of the SOC Construct
Qualitative Approaches to the Study of the SOC
Promoting Salutogenic Capacity in Health Professionals
The Digital Lifeworld and Salutogenesis
Salutogenesis for Thriving Societies
53: Theoretical Issues in the Further Development of the Sense of Coherence Construct
Introduction
A Brief Overview of the Salutogenic Model and the Sense of Coherence Construct
Some Issues for Future Research on the Sense of Coherence Construct
The Dimensionality of the SOC Scale
SOC as the Causal Variable
SOC as the Outcome Variable
General SOC and Domain-Specific SOC
The Concept of Boundary in the Measurement of SOC
The Dichotomization and Trichotomization of SOC
The Importance of Relating SOC to Salutogenic Outcomes Measures
Additional Issues of Various Kinds
Conclusions
References
54: Qualitative Approaches to the Study of the Sense of Coherence
Introduction
Qualitative Versus Quantitative Research
Method
Data Analysis
Results
Category (a): Studies Which Were Specifically Designed to Measure SOC and Its Components
Category (b): Salutogenic Studies Which Attempted to Identify SOC Components or GRRs or Interpret the Findings in Terms of SOC
Category (c): Studies Which Were Not Conducted Within a Salutogenic Framework, but in Effect Have Retrospectively Measured SOC or Its Components
Category (d): Studies Which Had Salutogenesis as Their Starting Point, or a Theoretical Framework of Health Promotion, but Did Not Measure SOC
Discussion
Conclusions
Epilogue
Appendix
References
55: Promoting Salutogenic Capacity in Health Professionals
Introduction
Teaching Salutogenesis in Different Settings
Example 1 Teaching Salutogenesis to Health Promotion Generalists
Individual Essay: Stress and Coping Narrative in Light of Salutogenesis
Group Assignment, the Task Is Twofold
Knowledge
Skills
General Competence
Example 2: Teaching Group Leaders of Salutogenic Talk-Therapy Groups
Example 3: Students Practicing Participatory Methods in the Salutogenic Way
Example 4: Towards a More Salutogenic Approach in Child HealthCare Services
Educational Programme, Day 1
Educational Programme, Day 2
Teaching by Doing and Teaching by Being
Different Logics, Knowing Them, and the Skill of Toggling Between Them
Self-Tuning for Building Salutogenic Capacity
Teaching Reflection
Teaching Introspection and Sensibility
Summing Up
References
56: The Digital Lifeworld and Salutogenesis
Introduction
The Digital Lifeworld Formally Defined
The Origins, History and Trajectory of the Digital Lifeworld: From Information Technology to a New Lifeworld of Social Interaction
The Emergence of the Digital Lifeworld as Important in the Salutogenic Model of Health
The Digital Lifeworld as a Source of GRRs
The Digital Lifeworld as a Source of SRRs
The SOC Balancing New Information
The SOC as a Factor in Coping with the Digital Lifeworld
The Digital Lifeworld as a Setting for Health Promotion: An Example in the Health Promotion Arena of Tobacco Control
An Example of Decision Support for Low-Cadre Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa
Conclusions and Future Directions
References
57: Salutogenesis for Thriving Societies
Introduction
Theory Development
Applying the Salutogenic Model
Capacity Building
The COVID-19 Crisis: Relevance for the Vision of Salutogenesis for Thriving Societies
Salutogenesis for Thriving Societies
References
Index