This book concerns government and politics in Taiwan under the rule of the Chinese Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang (KMT). The KMT forces, defeated in China's civil war of 1947-49, retreated to Taiwan to form the Republic of China, representing the authority they salvaged from the mainland. The KMT regime has exercised authoritarian rule over the island state and has also claimed sovereign jurisdiction of the mainland for almost four decades. The KMT regime during that time has successfully steered Taiwan toward prosperous economic development. Hung-mao Tien carefully analyzes the political transition that has been under way since 1986.
Author(s): Hung-Mao Tien
Edition: First
Publisher: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University
Year: 1988
Language: English
Commentary: Bookmarked, Deskewed, OCR (Clearscan)
Pages: 342
City: Redwood City
Tags: History, China, Modern, Republic of China, ROC, KMT, Kuomintang
Front Cover
Half Title Page
Full Title Page
ISBN 0-8179-8782-7
Contents
Preface
1 The Nationalist Regimein Perspective
INTRODUCTION
RETREAT TO TAIWAN
THE KMT DEFEAT ON THE MAINLAND
THE ROC POLITICAL SYSTEM
THE PARTY SYSTEM
TABLE 1.1 PARTY SYSTEMS IN THE THIRD WORLD
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
2 Economic Development and Social Change
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Economic Policy
Land Reform
Industrialization and Structural Change
Income and Living Standards
TABLE 2.1 AVERAGE GROWTH RATES OF GNP, POPULATION, AND GNP PER CAPITA IN TAIWAN, 1953-1987
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE
TABLE 2.2 SELECTED INDICES OF MODERN MATERIAL GOODS (1): POSSESSION PER 1,000 PERSONS IN TAIWAN, 1952-1985
TABLE 2.3 SELECTED INDICES OF MODERN MATERIAL GOODS (2): POSSESSION PER 100 HOUSEHOLDS IN TAIWAN, 1976-1984
The Impact of Modernization on Social Structure
TABLE 2.4 EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS IN TAIWAN, 1953-1983 (IN THOUSANDS OF PERSONS AND AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE LABOR FORCE)
Education
TABLE 2.5 DEMAND FOR AND SUPPLY OF ENGINEERS WITH GRADUATE DEGREES, 1983-1984
Ethnic Relations
TABLE 2.6 ETHNICITY OF TAIWAN'S POLITICAL ELITE, 1987
CONCLUSION
3 Interest Groups
TYPES OF INTEREST GROUPS
Farmers' Associations
Irrigation Associations
Trade Unions
Commerce and Industry Associations
Other Interest Groups
POLITICAL ACTIVITIES
Lobbying
Official Concertation
Electoral Participation
THE KMT AND INTEREST GROUPS
CONCLUSION
TABLE 3.1 PERCENTAGE OF PARTY MEMBERS AMONG ELECTED OFFICERS IN THE FARMERS' ASSOCIATIONS, 1969 AND 1975
4 The Party System: The KMT and the Opposition
THE RULING KUOMINTANG
The Reorganization (1950-1952)
Developments Since the Reorganization
KMT Roles on Taiwan
THE KMT'S ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The Party Chairman
TABLE 4.1 KMT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The Central Standing Committee
FIGURE 4.1 THE KMT CENTRAL ORGANIZATION
TABLE 4.2 MEMBERS OF THE KMT CENTRAL STANDING COMMITTEE, AUGUST 1988
Central Party Headquarters
The Policy Coordination Committee
Provincial and Local Party Organizations
Membership
TABLE 4.3 VOCATIONS OF KMT MEMBERS, 1986
The Chinese Youth Anti-Communist League
Party and Government
THE POLITICAL OPPOSITION
The Satellites
Opposition Movements Before 1977
The Opposition Since 1977
Toward an Organized Opposition
The Labor Party (Kungtang)
CONCLUSION
5 The Government
CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER
THE TEMPORARY PROVISIONS AND MARTIAL LAW
THE PRESIDENCY
The President
The Office of the President
The Vice President
THE EXECUTIVE YUAN
FIGURE 5.1 STRUCTURE OF THE EXECUTIVE YUAN, THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT, AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
The Premier and the Executive Yuan
TABLE 5.1 PREVIOUS POSTS HELD BY THE PREMIERS, 1950 - 1988
The Administrative Bureaucracy
TABLE 5.2 MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE YUAN, AUGUST 1988
Economic Planning and Technocracy
FIGURE 5.2 AGES OF BUREAUCRATS IN THE UPPER RANKS OF THE EXECUTIVE YUAN, 1980-1982
TABLE 5.3 CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS REVIEWED BY THE CEPD, 1980-1985
FIGURE 5.3 EVOLUTION OF ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES, 1949-1988
PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
The Provincial Government
Local Governments
Problems of Local Administration
TABLE 5.4 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES BY LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT, 1984
The Central Government's Budget
TABLE 5.5 ROC NET REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES, 1964-1986 (IN MILLIONS OF N.T. DOLLARS)
Public Enterprises
CONCLUSION
6 Representative Institutions
THE LEGISLATIVE YUAN
Floor Organization
Background of the Legislators
TABLE 6.1 COMPOSITION OF THE NATIONAL LEGISLATURES OF THE ROC, FEBRUARY 1988
Factionalism in the Legislative Yuan
FIGURE 6.1 NUMBER OF INTERPELLATIONS, 1971-1981
THE CONTROL YUAN AND THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
The Control Yuan
FIGURE 6.2 CONTROL YUAN TOTAL CASES, 1950-1984
FIGURE 6.3 CONTROL YUAN IMPEACHMENT CASES, 1950-1984
The Natioual Assembly
THE TAIWAN PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY
CONCLUSION
7 Electoral Politics
FACTIONALISM AND ELECTORAL POLITICS
Characteristics of Factions
The Social Base of Factionalism
County- and City-Level Factions
TABLE 7.1 FACTIONS IN TAIWAN'S CITIES AND COUNTIES, 1981
TABLE 7.2 FACTIONS IN KAOHSIUNG COUNTY, 1986
THE SELECTION OF CANDIDATES
KMT Candidates
The Tangwai and the DPP
TABLE 7.3 CANDIDATES ENDORSED BY THE TANGWAI CAMPAIGN ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE, 1981 AND 1985
ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
Legal Regulatious
The KMT's Election Campaign
TABLE 7.4 SOURCES OF CAMPAIGN INFORMATION IN CHIAYI, 1972
The Opposition Campaign
VOTING BEHAVIOR AND ELECTION RESULTS
National Supplementary Elections
Elections for Provincial Assemblymen and County-Level Executives
TABLE 7.5 NUMBER OF MEMBERS ELECTED TO THE LEGISLATIVE YUAN (WITH PERCENTAGE OF VOTES), 1972-1986
TABLE 7.6 PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS, 1954-1985
TABLE 7.7 ELECTIONS OF MAYORS AND MAGISTRATES IN TAIWAN, 1950-1986
Subcounty Elections
TABLE 7.8 ELECTIONS OF TAIPEI MUNICIPAL COUNCILMEN, 1968-1985
TABLE 7.9 PARTISAN DISTRIBUTION IN SUBCOUNTY ELECTIONS, 1986
Voting Behavior
CONCLUSION
8 The Mass Media
TYPES OF MAJOR MEDIA
The Electronic Media
Newspapers
TABLE 8.1 MAJOR NEWSPAPERS IN TAIWAN, 1985
Magazines
THE KUOMINTANG AND THE MASS MEDIA
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
The Press and Other Printed Materials
Press Ceusorship
TABLE 8.2 PRESS CENSORSHIP IN TAIWAN, 1980-1986
TABLE 8.3 A CONTROL ANALYSIS OF BANNED ARTICLES, JANUARY-JULY 1984
The Electronic Media
THE MEDIA AND PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
TABLE 8.4 MASS MEDIA SOURCES OF CAMPAIGN INFORMATION, NOVEMBER 1980
CONCLUSION
9 Foreign Relations and International Status: Challenges and Constraints
INTERNATIONAL INVOLVEMENT AND FOREIGN RELATIONS
Participation in International Organizations
Diplomatic Relations
Informal Relations
TABLE 9.1 A CHRONICLE OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA
U.S.-ROC RELATIONS
Uncertainty and Dissociation
The U.S.-ROC Alliance
Alliauce in Transition: The Rapprochement Between Washington and Peking
Relations Under the Reagan Adminstration
THE CHALLENGES FROM PEKING'S UNIFICATION CAMPAIGNS
Events Before 1978
The PRC's Unification Proposals
Unification Campaigns
CONCLUSION
10 Conclusion
Appendix The Constitution of the Republic of China
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER II. RIGHTS "AND DUTIES OF PEOPLE
CHAPTER Ill. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
CHAPTER IV. THE PRESIDENT
CHAPTER V. ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER VI. LEGISLATION
CHAPTER VII. JUDICIARY
CHAPTER VIII. EXAMINATION
CHAPTER X. POWERS OF THE CENTRAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
CHAPTER XI. SYSTEM OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Section 1. The Province
Section 2. The Hsien
CHAPTER XII. ELECTION, RECALL, INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM
CHAPTER XIII. FUNDAMENTAL NATIONAL POLICIES
Section 1. National Defense
Section 2. Foreign Policy
Section 3. National Economy
Section 4. Social Security
Section 5. Education and Culture
Section 6. Frontier Regions
CHAPTER XIV. ENFORCEMENT AND AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
TEMPORARY PROVISIONS EFFECTIVE DURING THE PERIOD OF COMMUNIST REBELLION
INTERPRETATION OF "TOTAL MEMBERSHIP OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY"
Reasons for the Interpretation
Notes
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 9
Abbreviations
Bibliography
Index
Back Cover
