The Genetic Basis of Plant Physiological Processes

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Plant molecular biology is rapidly becoming an important and successful component of the worldwide research challenge to apply basic biochemical, physiological and genetic techniques for the improvement of agricultural crops. This book shows how the study of fundamental plant physiological processes is being advanced through the science of genetics. The author has adopted a case study approach to illustrate how defined genetic materials in mutants and plant variants are being productively used to explore photosynthesis, stress tolerance, seed physiology, and flowering and reproductive morphology. This approach also helps avoid overwhelming readers who might be unfamiliar with the enormous detail now available in this burgeoning field. The case studies cover all major fields of plant physiology and are grouped in a format familiar to students of the discipline. Most take the form of a brief introduction followed by a discussion of the isolation and characterization of the mutants in question, and then by examples of how these mutants have been used to provide physiological insights. The aim is to make the information accessible to students with an elementary knowledge of plant physiology, genetics, and molecular biology, as well as other scientists and students who wish to know more about the application of the powerful tools provided by genetics.

Author(s): John King
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Year: 1991

Language: English
Pages: 432

Contents......Page 12
I. Mutants Affecting Plant Nutrition and Metabolism......Page 18
1. Mutants Affecting Water Relations and Mineral Nutrition......Page 20
Case Study 1-1: The wilty mutants of tomato and stomatal control......Page 24
Case Study 1-2: The responses of plants and their cells to environmental salt stress......Page 34
Case Study 1-3: Alcohol dehydrogenase and anaerobiosis in corn......Page 48
Case Study 1-4: Correction of iron deficiency in the tomato mutant chloronerva......Page 56
2. Mutants in Metabolism......Page 69
Case Study 2-1: Pigment(anthocyanin)-deficient mutants......Page 72
Case Study 2-2: The auxotrophic mutants......Page 87
Case Study 2-3: The nitrate reductase-less mutants......Page 105
Case Study 2-4: Resistance to amino acids or their analogues......Page 119
Case Study 2-5: Herbicide resistance in plants and cells......Page 135
Inside the light reactions......Page 165
Case Study 3-1: The chlorophyll b-deficient mutants......Page 168
Case Study 3-2: The virescent mutants......Page 181
Case Study 3-3: The high chlorophyll fluorescence (hcf) mutants......Page 191
Case Study 3-4: Chloroplast lipid mutants......Page 201
The synthesis or dark reactions of photosynthesis......Page 212
Case Study 3-5: Mutations affecting rubisco activity......Page 215
Case Study 3-6: Photorespiratory mutants......Page 221
II. Mutants affecting plant development......Page 240
4. Mutants affecting vegetative growth and development......Page 242
Case Study 4-1: Auxin mutants......Page 244
Case Study 4-2: The gibberellin-deficient mutants......Page 254
Case Study 4-3: The gibberellin-insensitive mutants......Page 270
Case Study 4-4: The occurrence of other mutants involving other groups of plant growth substances......Page 285
Case Study 4-5: Gravitropic mutants......Page 290
Case Study 4-6: Phytochrome mutants......Page 302
5. Mutants affecting flower and fruit development......Page 319
Case Study 5-1: Male sterility in a tomato mutant......Page 324
Case Study 5-2: Self-incompatibility......Page 332
Case Study 5-3: Polyamines and flowering in tobacco......Page 337
Case Study 5-4: The ripening (rin) mutant of tomato......Page 346
6. Mutants affecting seed dormancy and development......Page 362
Case Study 6-1: Mutants affecting seed dormancy......Page 365
Case Study 6-2: The viviparous mutants......Page 377
Case Study 6-3: The seg mutants of barley......Page 387
Case Study 6-4: Mutants affecting starch synthesis in seeds......Page 390
B......Page 409
F......Page 410
K......Page 411
N......Page 412
S......Page 413
T......Page 414
Z......Page 415
A......Page 416
D......Page 418
F......Page 419
H......Page 420
L......Page 421
M......Page 422
N......Page 423
P......Page 424
S......Page 425
T......Page 427
Z......Page 428