The Future of Wind Energy

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
The Economic Integration of Wind Energy: An Analysis of the ECOWAS Sub-Region
Abstract
Introduction
Methods and Data
Pesaran (2003) Test
Variance Decomposition
Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) Comparison of Wind Energy Including Nuclear
Lag Selection Criteria
Results and Discussions
Descriptive Statistics
PVAR
Forecast Error Variance Decomposition Analysis
Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) Comparison of Wind Energy Including Nuclear
Sensitivity Analysis of Wind Energy and Different Generation Sources
Conclusion: Summary of Findings
References
Chapter 2
A Risk Analysis-Based Selection of the Best Supply Chain using the Gray Approach for Wind Energy Systems
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Design
Gray Approach Methodology
Selection of Evaluation Criteria
Assignment of Weight to Criteria and Rating for the Supply Chain
Calculated the Weighted Normalized Matrix
Calculate the Gray Possibilities
Ranking the Supply Chain
Computation Experiment
Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 3
Surface Hardness Improvement Techniques for Wind Turbine Gears
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Survey
Gear Material Selection and Gear Failures
Micro Pitting
Macro Pitting
Bending Fatigue
Fretting Corrosion
Axial Cracking
Methodology
Case Hardening
Nitriding
Gas Nitriding
Salt Bath Nitriding
Plasma Nitriding
Carburizing
Carbonitriding
Nitro Carburizing
Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 4
Comparison of Artificial Neural Network Techniques in Prediction of Wind Speed Using Combinations of Metrological Variables
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Database Collection
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models
Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) Models
Feed Forward Neural Networks with Backpropagation Algorithm (FFNNBA)
Implementation of GRNN and FFNN
Results and Discussion
Wind Speed Prediction Using FFNNBPA
Wind Speed Prediction Using GRNN
Result Comparison of FFNNBA and GRNN Model
Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 5
A Machine Learning Approach for Thermodynamic Analysis in Wind Turbine with Optimization
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Proposed Methodology
An Artificial Neural Network
Structure Initialization
Input Layer
Hidden Layer
The Harmony Search (HS) Algorithm
Initialization of Solution and Algorithm Parameters
Fitness Function
Initialize the Harmony Memory (HM)
Improvise a New Harmony
Update Harmony Memory
Optimal Solution
Output Layer
Results and Discussion
Convergence Graph
The Error Values of Output Parameters in Different Algorithms
Experimental Results and Predicted Values for the Proposed Method
Hidden Neuron- Based Thermoeconomic Parameters
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6
Design, Modeling and Analysis of Wind Turbine Gear and Modified Wind Turbine Blades
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Design and Construction
Power Control
Gear Box Arrangements
The Design of a Gear Blade
Micro Pitting
Macropitting
Reason for Pitting
Power Obtained from Wind Turbines
Construction of a Wind Mill
Gear Box
Methodology and Material Selection
Wind Turbine Gear: Design and Analysis
Corrective Action
Design and Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades
Windmill Using a Multi-Generator
The Methods’ Guiding Principle
Construction of the Methods
Power and Torque Transmission in Bevel and Spur Gears
Parts of a Windmill
Blades
Shaft
Gear (Bevel Gear)
Generator
Tower
Material Specification
Schematic of Wind-Hybrid System
The Wind Turbine Design
Gear Ratio of Wind Turbine
Pitting Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades
Eliminating Methods
Specification of the Present Double Stage Gear
Design Calculation for New Gear (Herringbone Gear)
First Stage Gear
Revised Calculation
Second Stage Gear
Comparison Table for Present and New Gear
Results and Discussion
Analysis of Modified Wind Turbine Blades
Double Multiple Stream Tube Model
CFD Analysis
DMST Analysis
Pitting Analysis
Conclusion
References
About the Editors
Index
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