The Future of Solar Power

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
The Assessment of a Solar Parabolic Trough Facility for Power Generation in Tropical Climates
Abstract
Nomenclature
Abbreviations
Greek Symbols
1. Introduction
2. Methodological Approach
2.1. Design Equations and Fundamentals
2.2. Design of the Solar Field
2.3. Design of the Power Block
2.4. The Operational Principle and Experimental Procedure
2.5. Measuring Instrumentations and Error Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Potential Weather Assessment
3.2. Analysis of the PRC Thermal Performance
3.3. Analysis of the PTC Thermal Performance
3.4. Analysis of Standalone PTC Facility
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2
A Supplemental Solar Power System for Future Aircraft: Challenges and Opportunities
Abstract
1. Introduction: Photovoltaics in Aeronautical Applications. A Brief Review on PV Applications in Flying Vehicles
2. Challenges to Introducing Photovoltaics in Passenger Aircraft
2.1. Safety and Certification
2.2. Standardization
2.3. Aircraft Operation
2.4. Aircraft are Designed for a Large Customer Base Rather Than Optimized Operation
2.5. Structural Integration and Maintainability
2.6. Integration into the Aircraft Power System Architecture
Section Summary
3. A Conceptual Design Framework for Aircraft Featuring a Supplemental Solar Power System
3.1. The Supplemental Solar Power System Concept
3.2. Conceptual Design Framework for Aircraft Featuring an SPS
3.2.1. Aircraft Geometry and Usable Area for Solar Array Installation
3.2.2. Solar Cell Technology and Assumptions about Power Conversion Equipment
3.2.3. Absorbed Radiation Estimation (Module 1)
3.2.4. Effect of Flight Mission Pattern on Life-Cycle Power Yield of the Solar Power System (Module 2)
4. Which Aircraft Would Most Likely Benefit from a Supplemental Solar Power System?
4.1. Installed Power to Weight Ratio of the SPS
4.2. Usable Power Ratio
4.2.1. Aircraft Configuration Impact on Power Usage
4.2.2. Mission Pattern Analysis of Regional Aircraft and Impact on Solar Power Yield
Section Conclusion
5. Solar- Powered Air-Conditioning System for Aircraft
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3
Modeling, Conceptualizing, and Sizing Approach of Solar Farms for Powering of Drinking Water Supply and Irrigation Systems in Rural Zones: A Case Study from Tunisia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Conceptualization and Sizing of the Project Solar Energy-Based Irrigation System
2.1. Model Sections for Calculating the Consumer Water Requirement
2.2. Water Required for the Irrigation Network
2.3. Water Required for the Industrial Sectors
2.4. Water Required for the Domestic Sector
2.5. Model Part for Calculating the Energy Required to Compensate Drop Pressure
2.6. Design and Size the Solar Energy Farm with Photovoltaic Technology
3. Case Study from Tunisia
3.1. Conception and Sizing of a Solar Power Farm
3.2. Geographical, Demographical, and Water Consumption Characteristics in the Project Area
3.3. Hydraulic and Energetic Characteristics of the Drinking Water Network
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4
State-of-the-Art Analysis Methods of Solar Vortex Power Generation Technology
Abstract
Abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Solar Vortex Power Generation Systems Considered in Past Studies
3. Analysis Methods
3.1. Experimental Studies
3.2. CFD Simulations
3.3. Mathematical Models
4. Recommendations for Further Analysis Methods to Study SVPG Systems
5. Turbine Unit Type and Location
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5
Comparative Evaluation of Computational Simulations of Solar Chimneys
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Solar Chimney as an Energy Production Alternative
3. CFD Roles in the SCPP Research and Development
3.1. Targets of Computational Investigations of SCPP
3.2. Design Optimization by CFD
3.3. CFD Analysis Using Thermal Storage Enhancement
3.4. Turbine Configuration and Pressure Drop by CFD
3.5. Ambient Domain Influence on the Simulation Accuracy
3.6. Hybrid Solar Chimney Simulation
4. Modeling of the SCPP in Computational Simulations
4.1. Two- and Three-Dimensional Modelling
4.2. Steady-State and Transient Modelling
4.3. Solar Radiation Modelling
4.4. Turbulence Modelling
4.5. Computational Domain
4.6. Modeling of the Turbine Component
5. Simulations of the SCPP’s Collector
5.1. Enhanced Collectors by Design Modifications
5.2. Integrated Collectors with Thermal Energy Storage
6. Simulations of the SCPPs’ Tower
7. Simulations of Multi-Function SCPP
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6
Thin-Film Solar Cells for Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Technology: Integration Challenges and Opportunities in Hybrid Vehicles
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. An Overview of the Current Scenario
1.2. Importance of EV and the Aspects in Developing Economies
1.3. Modes of Energy Generation in Hybrid Passenger Vehicles
1.4. Hybridization in Vehicles
2. The Significant Scope of Energy Generation and Recovery in Hybrid Passenger Vehicles
2.1. Kinetic Energy Recovery System/Regenerative Braking Technology (RBT)
2.2. Energy Generation from Semiconductors
3. Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics
3.1. Solar Powered Race Cars
3.2. Solar Assisted Passenger Electric Vehicle
3.3. Scope of SAPEV Energy Generation in German Geographical Conditions
3.4. Scope of SAPEV Energy Generation in South Asian Countries
4. Advanced Semiconductors for VIPV Technology
5. Computational Techniques Suited to Analyze VIPV Technology
5.1. MATLAB Simulink
5.2. Transient Simulation Systems - TRNSYS
5.3. PVsyst
5.4. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables – HOMER
5.5. Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
6. Limitations of Current Energy Generation and Recovery Methods
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
The Transition of Solar Thermal Energy in Recent Years and Future Directions for Industrial Utilization
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Potential of Solar Energy for Water Heating
2.1. Solar Thermal Collectors (STCs)
2.2. Application of STCs in Industrial Processes
2.3. Types of Solar Thermal Collectors
3. Performance Assessment of STCs
3.1. Thermal or Energy Efficiency of STCs
3.2. Exergy Efficiency of STCs
3.3. Economic Analysis of Solar Thermal Collectors
4. Recent Advancements in Solar Thermal Collectors
4.1. Heat Transfer Fluids for Solar Thermal Collectors
5. Nano-Enhanced Heat Transfer Fluids
6. Prospects of Solar Thermal Energy
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8
Solar Thermal Energy Storage: Materials, Heat Transfer Analysis and Applications
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Solar Thermal Technologies
3. Classification and Characteristics of Thermal Storage Systems
3.1. Sensible Heat Storage
3.2. Storage of Water Tanks
3.3. Underground Thermal Storage (UTS)
3.4. Packed-Bed Storage
3.5. Latent-Heat or Phase-Change Storage
3.5.1. Measurements and Capacity Prediction of PCM
3.5.2. Proprieties of PCMs
3.6. Organic Phase Change Materials Storage
3.7. Inorganic PCMs
3.7.1. Salt Hydrate
3.7.2. Metallic
3.8. Eutectics
3.9. PCM Containment
3.10. Thermal Properties of Various PCMs
4. Energy Storage in Buildings
4.1. Passive Solar Thermal Storage in Buildings
4.2. Active Solar Thermal Storage in Buildings
5. Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Plants
6. Chemical Energy Storage
7. Cooling Thermal Energy Storage (CTES)
8. Performance and Cost of TES Systems
Conclusion
References
Index
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