The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs

Foreword by Tue Tyge Møller
Foreword by Dr. Nigel F. Edmondson
Foreword by Mogens Rysholt Poulsen
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Editorial—Introduction to the Book
1 Introduction
2 The Vision of Smart Production
3 Motivation for the Smart Production Book Project
4 Perspectives to Pay Attention to in Industry and Theory
References
Part 1 Vision
The Smart Production Vision
1 Introduction
2 Industry 4.0
2.1 Six Perspective on Industry 4.0
2.2 Industry 4.0 as a Vision
3 Smart Production
3.1 Smart Production System
3.2 Transformation Towards Smarter Production
4 Summary and Conclusion
References
Challenges for SMEs on their Path to Smart Production
1 Introduction
2 Existing Research
2.1 Characteristics of SMEs from Literature
2.2 Necessary Prerequisites from Literature
2.3 Challenges from Literature
3 Meaning of Challenges for Specific SMEs from Brandenburg (Germany)
3.1 SMEs Perspectives on Challenges because of SME Characteristics
3.2 SMEs Perspectives on Challenges connected to SME Prerequisites
3.3 SMEs Perspectives on Challenges from Literature
4 Conclusion
References
The Vision and Development Trajectory for the Twin Transformation—Cross-Pollination Between SMART and Circular Production
1 Introduction
2 Circular Economy (CE)
3 Twinning—Building the Vision Towards Sustainability
4 Discussion—Achieving the Vision
5 Conclusions
References
An Action Design Research Approach to Study Digital Transformation in SME
1 Introduction
2 The IFN Approach
3 Designing the Research
3.1 Engagement as Action Research
3.2 Engagement as Design Science Research
3.3 Engagement as Action Design Research
3.4 The Role of the Ensemble IT Artifact
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Part 2 Transformation
Introduction to Part 2
1 Introduction
2 General Approach
3 Content of the Following Chapters
4 Summary
References
Maturity Assessments to Support SME Overcoming Structural Changes in Their Business Environment
1 Introduction
2 Navigating Structural Change with Maturity Assessments
3 Maturity Models
4 The Industrie 4.0 CheckUp by Fraunhofer IFF
5 Provision of SME Directed Services by Digital Innovation Hubs
6 Conclusion
References
How to Support the Transformation Towards Smart Production by Applying the Digital Factory Mapping: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 The Digital Factory Mapping
3 Applying the Digital Factory Mapping: A Case Study
3.1 Case Company
3.2 The Digital Factory Mapping
3.3 The Implementation of the Recommended Digital Innovation Projects
4 Reflections, Implications and Practical Recommendations
5 Conclusions
References
Differences Between Small and Medium Sized Companies When Realizing Smart Production – Experiences from Northwest Smart Production Program in Denmark
1 Introduction
2 The SME Challenges
3 Northwest Smart Production Program (NVSP)
4 NVSP Approach
5 Discussion and Methodology Reflections in Hindsight
6 Conclusion
References
Innovation Factory North: An Approach to Make Small and Medium Sized Manufacturing Companies Smarter
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 IFN Ecosystem
4 IFN Engagements
4.1 The Awareness Stage
4.2 The Demonstrator Stage
4.3 The Anchoring Stage
4.4 The IFN Events and Encounters
5 Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Digitalization and Automation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Challenges, Needs, and Solutions in Brandenburg, Germany
1 Introduction
2 General Conditions and Status of Digitalization in Brandenburg
3 Research Institutions as Knowledge Providers
4 Example: Innovation Center Modern Industry Brandenburg
4.1 Objectives and Services
4.2 Findings
5 Conclusions and Implications
References
ARENA2036: A Collaborative Space for the Future of Mobility and Production
1 Introduction
2 Organizing for Innovation in Mobility and Production
2.1 The Core Values of the Collaboration Space
2.2 An Innovation-Oriented Project-Based Space
2.3 Managing a Diversity of Collaborative Projects
3 Partners and Ecosystem Development
3.1 The Ecosystem Blueprint at ARENA2036
3.2 Ecosystem Partners and Evolution
4 Technology View Development
5 Lessons Learned on Orchestrating a Production and Mobility Innovation Ecosystem
References
Subscription Business Models as Accelerators for the Adoption of Industry 4.0 by SMEs
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
2.1 Subscription Business Models
2.2 Dimensions of Subscription Business Models
2.3 Benefits and Challenges in the Transition from One-Time-Buy to Subscription
3 Methodology
4 Findings
5 Conclusion
6 Limitations and Further Research
References
Part 3 Solutions
Introduction to Part 3
1 Introduction
2 What Are Integrated Solutions?
3 Integrated Solutions
4 Summary
References
Improving Responsiveness in SMEs Through Changeable and Reconfigurable Manufacturing
1 Introduction
2 Changeability, Reconfigurability, and Flexibility
3 Benefits of Changeable Manufacturing
3.1 SME Case 1: Reconfiguration for Frequent Variant Changes
3.2 SME Case 2: Reconfiguration for New Product Introductions
3.3 SME Case 3: Reconfiguration for Mix Changes
4 Summary
References
Role of Computer Simulation in the Collaborative Robot Implementation Journey of SMEs
1 Introduction
2 Collaborative Robots
3 Collaborative Robots in SMEs
3.1 Why Cobots?
3.2 Cobot Implementation Challenges
3.3 Cobots Implementation in SMEs
4 Simulation and Cobot Implementation in SMEs
4.1 Cobot Work Cell Design
4.2 Safety
4.3 Decision Making
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Intelligent Assistance Systems for Assembly Tasks
1 Introduction
2 Assistance Technologies in Production
3 Use Case: Glove Based Assembly Assistance System
4 Conclusion
References
IIoT and Smart Sensors in Human-Centered Manufacturing
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Sensing the Shop Floor
3.1 Human Worker Activities
3.2 Smart Sensors
3.3 Smart Sensors for Human Skills
4 Example Scenarios: Issues and Solution
4.1 Quality Control
4.2 Responsive Production
4.3 Unsupervised Worker Training
5 Conclusion
References
Paperless Production Demonstrator
1 Introduction
2 Paperless Production in SMEs
2.1 A Vision
2.2 Enablers and Barriers
3 Paperless Production Demonstrator
4 Researching the Paperless Production Demonstrator
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
The Journey from Direct and Indirect Additive Manufacturing of Individual Parts to Virtual Warehousing of the Parts Portfolio: Lessons for Industrial Manufacturers
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Advantages of Direct and Indirect Printing
2.2 Selecting Individual Parts for Direct and Indirect Printing
2.3 Building the Virtual Warehousing of Complex Part Portfolio
2.4 Gaps from the Literature
3 Benefits and Challenges of Virtual Warehousing
3.1 Benefits of VW
3.2 Technical Challenges
3.3 Organizational Barriers
4 Digitising Production of Parts to Virtual Warehousing: A Case Study
5 Framework for Adoption of Virtual Warehousing
6 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
A Modular Engineering Pipeline for Mixed Reality Environments
1 Introduction
2 Modular Engineering Pipeline
3 Demonstrator for the Modular Engineering Pipeline
3.1 MEP for Immersive Analytics
3.2 Discussion of the Demonstrator
4 Application Examples Within the Modular Engineering Pipeline
4.1 Production Planning and Control (PPC)
4.2 Immersive Training and Process Optimisation
4.3 Virtual Collaboration
5 Conclusion
References
Predictive Analytics Applications for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)—A Mini Survey and Real-World Use Cases
1 Introduction
2 Mini Literature Survey
2.1 Survey Results
3 Predictive Analytics Methodologies
3.1 Models and Algorithms
4 Real-World Industrial Case Stories
5 Conclusion
References
SMEs and the Sustainability Challenge: Digital Shadow Enabling Smart Decision Making
1 Introduction
2 The Sustainability Challenge
3 Measuring Sustainability—What Meets the SME?
4 Vision for a Digital Double Shadow
5 Conclusion
References
Part 4 Technologies
Introduction to Part 4
1 Introduction
2 Smart Factory
2.1 Sustainable and Socially Responsible
2.2 Interconnected and Data-Driven
2.3 Resilient
2.4 Beyond Profit Value-Creation
3 Technology
3.1 Industry 4.0 Technology Stack
3.2 Technology Innovation
3.3 Smart Factory Technologies for SMEs
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
1 Introduction To IIoT
1.1 Technical Overview
1.2 IIoT—Key-Technology for Industry 4.0
2 Implications for SMEs
3 Example
References
Cloud Computing: Key to Enabling Smart Production and Industry 4.0
1 Introduction
1.1 What is the Cloud?
1.2 Cloud, IoT and Industrial Internet of Things
2 Why is Cloud Important for SMEs?
3 New Problems Introduced by the Cloud
3.1 Using Cloud-Edge Solutions to Address the Cloud-Related Issues
4 Cloud Fundamentally Changes the Game for Industrial Automation (Summary/Conclusion)
References
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
1 Introduction
2 The Use of AI in SMEs
3 Use Cases of AI
References
5G for Smart Production
1 Reliable and Secure 5G Wireless Communication
2 Operating 5G as an SME
3 Exploiting the Full Potential of 5G for Industrial Applications
4 Summary
References
Information Security: The Cornerstone for Surviving the Digital Wild
1 Introduction
2 Information Security Management
2.1 Leadership Perspective
2.2 Employee Perspective
2.3 Technical Perspective: Network Separation
2.4 Providing Hands-On Experience
3 Conclusion
References
Digital Twins: Making It Feasible for SMEs
1 Introduction to Digital Twins
2 Implications for SMEs
3 Examples of Digital Twins
3.1 Example 1: Digital Twin for Matrix Production
3.2 Example 2: Digital Twin for Preventive Maintenance Scheduling
4 Conclusion
References
Augmented Reality: Increasing Availability and Its Implication for SMEs
1 Introduction
2 AR in SMEs—Benefits
3 AR Implementation—Current Problems and Challenges
4 Examples
5 Conclusion
References
Additive Manufacturing
1 General Introduction to Additive Manufacturing
2 Implications for SMEs
3 Examples
4 Summary
References
Collaborative Robots for Smart Production in SMEs
1 Introduction and Motivation
2 Overview of Technology
2.1 Collaborative Robots: Definition
2.2 How Cobots Can Be Used in the Industry
2.3 Challenges and Limitations
3 Implications for SMEs
4 The Battery Sealing Process
4.1 Fully Automated Scenario
4.2 Semi-automated Scenario
4.3 Benefits and Insights
References
Part 5 Competences
Introduction to Part 5: Competences for Smart Production
1 Introduction
2 Content of the Following Chapters
3 Summary
References
Competence Considerations for Industry 4.0 and Future Trends
1 Introduction
2 Changing Work Environments and Competence Considerations for Industry 4.0
3 Human Factors in Industry 4.0 Initiatives
4 Outlook and Future Trends
References
Labour 4.0: How is the Workforce Prepared for the Future of Manufacturing Industries?
1 Introduction
2 Strategies for Competence Development
3 Research Design
3.1 Data Selection
3.2 Data Collection
3.3 Data Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Qualification in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises as the Key Driver for a Digitalized Economy
1 Preamble
2 Introduction
3 Competences for a Smart Production
4 Competence Development in a Digitalized Environment
4.1 Framework of the Competence Center Cottbus
4.2 Qualification Through LTA-FIT: Learning-Training-Assistance
4.3 Technological Scope of LTA-FIT
5 Discussion
References
A Sandbox Approach for Manufacturing Innovation: A Multiple Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Cases: Applications of the Sandbox Approach
3.1 Case A: Digital Stocktaking System
3.2 Case B: OEE Measurements
3.3 Case C: 3D Printing Components
3.4 Characteristics and Potentials of Using a Sandbox Approach
4 Conclusion
References
Learning Factories for Learning and Experimentation on Industry 4.0 in SMEs
1 Introduction
2 What Are Learning Factories?
3 SMEs and Experimentation
4 The Case for Learning Factories
4.1 Case 1
4.2 Case 2
4.3 Case 3
5 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
References