The Everyday Writer With Exercises With 2016 MLA Update 6th Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Inside Front Cover......Page 2
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
How to Use This Book......Page 7
Preface......Page 15
True Tales of the Everyday Writer......Page 27
Writing Processes......Page 43
1: The Top Twenty: A Quick Guide to Troubleshooting Your Writing......Page 46
a: Move between social and academic writing......Page 55
b: Position yourself as an academic writer......Page 57
c: Read and listen actively......Page 59
e: Use digital tools effectively......Page 61
3: Rhetorical Situations......Page 63
a: Make good choices for your rhetorical situation......Page 64
c: Consider your purpose and stance as a communicator......Page 66
d: Analyze your audience......Page 69
e: Think about genres and media......Page 71
f: Consider language and style......Page 74
g: A sample rhetorical situation......Page 75
b: Try freewriting or looping......Page 77
c: Try drawing or creating word pictures......Page 78
d: Try clustering......Page 79
f: Keep a reflective journal or private blog......Page 80
g: Ask questions......Page 81
i: Collaborate......Page 82
a: Narrow your topic......Page 83
b: Craft a working thesis......Page 84
d: Organize information......Page 87
e: Make a plan......Page 91
f: Create a draft......Page 95
6: Developing Paragraphs......Page 96
a: Focus on a main idea......Page 97
b: Provide details......Page 98
c: Use effective methods of development......Page 100
e: Make paragraphs flow......Page 106
f: Work on opening and closing paragraphs......Page 109
7: Reviewing, Revising, and Editing......Page 111
a: Reread......Page 112
b: Get the most from peer review......Page 113
c: Consult instructor comments......Page 120
d: Revise......Page 122
e: Edit......Page 125
8: Reflecting......Page 130
a: Reflect to present your work effectively......Page 131
A Student's Reflective Statement......Page 132
b: Reflect to learn......Page 133
A Student's Reflective Blog Post......Page 134
Critical Thinking and Argument......Page 135
a: Consider print and digital differences......Page 137
b: Preview the text......Page 138
c: Read and annotate......Page 141
d: Summarize the main ideas......Page 145
e: Analyze and reflect on the text......Page 146
f: Think critically about visual texts......Page 149
g: A student’s critical reading of a text......Page 151
10: Analyzing Arguments......Page 154
a: Think critically about argument......Page 155
c: Identify an argument’s basic appeals......Page 156
d: Analyze the elements of argument......Page 159
e: Think critically about fallacies......Page 161
f: A student’s rhetorical analysis......Page 168
a: Understand purposes for argument......Page 172
b: Determine whether a statement can be argued......Page 174
d: Examine your assumptions......Page 175
e: Shape your appeal to your audience......Page 176
f: Establish credibility through ethicalappeals......Page 177
g: Use effective logical appeals......Page 179
h: Use appropriate emotional appeals......Page 184
i: Consult sources......Page 186
j: Organize your argument......Page 187
k: Consider design and delivery......Page 189
l: A student’s argument essay......Page 190
Research......Page 197
a: Analyze the research assignment......Page 199
c: Plan your research......Page 202
e: Move from hypothesis to working thesis......Page 203
a: Understand different kinds of sources......Page 204
b: Use the library to get started......Page 206
c: Find library resources......Page 207
d: Search the Internet effectively......Page 212
e: Conduct field research appropriately......Page 213
b: Create a working bibliography......Page 217
c: Evaluate a source’s usefulness and credibility......Page 220
d: Read critically, and interpret sources......Page 221
e: Synthesize sources......Page 223
f: Take notes and annotate sources......Page 230
a: Decide whether to quote, paraphrase, or summarize......Page 236
b: Integrate quotations, paraphrases, and summaries effectively......Page 237
c: Integrate visuals and media effectively......Page 240
d: Check for excessive use of source material......Page 241
f: Know which sources to acknowledge......Page 242
g: Recognize patchwriting......Page 243
h: Adapt structures and phrases from a genre without plagiarizing......Page 244
i: Uphold your academic integrity, and avoid plagiarism......Page 245
a: Refine your writing plans......Page 247
b: Organize and draft......Page 249
c: Incorporate source materials......Page 251
f: Prepare a list of sources......Page 252
g: Prepare and proofread your final copy......Page 254
Academic, Professional, and Public Writing......Page 255
a: Read and write for every discipline......Page 258
b: Consider expectations for academic assignments......Page 259
c: Learn specialized vocabularies......Page 260
d: Study disciplinary style......Page 261
e: Use evidence effectively......Page 262
f: Use conventional patterns and formats......Page 263
h: Collaborate effectively......Page 264
18: Writing for the Humanities......Page 266
a: Read texts in the humanities......Page 267
b: Write texts in the humanities......Page 268
c: A student’s close reading of poetry......Page 269
a: Read texts in the social sciences......Page 273
b: Write texts in the social sciences......Page 275
c: An excerpt from a student’spsychology literature review......Page 277
a: Read texts in the natural and applied sciences......Page 282
b: Write texts in the natural and applied sciences......Page 284
c: An excerpt from a student’s chemistry lab report......Page 285
a: Read texts for business......Page 288
b: Write texts for business......Page 289
a: Choose a type of text......Page 296
b: Plan a visual structure......Page 297
c: Format print and digital texts appropriately......Page 300
d: Consider visuals and media......Page 303
23: Creating Presentations......Page 306
a: Consider assignment, purpose, and audience for presentations......Page 307
b: Write to be heard and remembered......Page 308
c: Create slides or other visuals......Page 314
d: Practice the presentation......Page 315
e: Deliver the presentation......Page 316
g: Consider other kinds of presentations......Page 317
a: Consider your rhetorical context......Page 320
b: Consider types of multimodal texts......Page 321
c: Plan features of texts......Page 324
a: Decide what should happen......Page 326
b: Connect with your audience......Page 327
c: Sample writing to make something happen in the world......Page 328
Language......Page 335
a: Think about what seems “normal.”......Page 337
b: Clarify meaning......Page 338
c: Meet audience expectations......Page 339
27: Language That Builds Common Ground......Page 342
b: Examine assumptions about gender......Page 343
c: Examine assumptions about race and ethnicity......Page 345
d: Consider other kinds of difference......Page 346
28: Language Variety......Page 348
a: Use “standard” varieties of English appropriately......Page 349
b: Use varieties of English to evoke a place or community......Page 350
c: Build credibility within a community with language variety......Page 351
29: Word Choice and Spelling......Page 352
a: Choose appropriate words for the context......Page 353
b: Consider denotations and connotations......Page 357
c: Use general and specific language effectively......Page 358
d: Use figurative language effectively......Page 359
e: Check usage with search engines and online databases......Page 361
f: Make spell checkers work for you......Page 362
g: Master spelling rules......Page 366
Style......Page 369
30: Coordination, Subordination,and Emphasis......Page 371
a: Use coordination to relate equal ideas......Page 372
b: Use subordination to distinguish main ideas......Page 374
c: Use closing and opening positions for emphasis......Page 377
a: Revise faulty sentence structure......Page 379
b: Match up subjects and predicates......Page 380
c: Use elliptical structures carefully......Page 381
e: Make comparisons complete, consistent, and clear......Page 382
a: Make items in a series parallel......Page 383
b: Make paired ideas parallel......Page 385
c: Include all necessary words......Page 386
33: Shifts......Page 387
d: Revise unnecessary shifts in person and number......Page 388
e: Revise shifts between direct and indirect discourse......Page 389
f: Revise shifts in tone and word choice......Page 390
34: Conciseness......Page 391
a: Eliminate unnecessary words......Page 392
b: Simplify sentence structure......Page 393
35: Sentence Variety......Page 395
a: Vary sentence length......Page 396
b: Vary sentence openings......Page 397
Sentence Grammar......Page 399
a: Verbs......Page 403
b: Nouns......Page 404
c: Pronouns......Page 405
d: Adjectives......Page 407
e: Adverbs......Page 408
f: Prepositions......Page 409
g: Conjunctions......Page 410
37: Parts of Sentences......Page 412
a: The basic grammar of sentences......Page 413
b: Subjects......Page 415
c: Predicates......Page 417
d: Phrases......Page 419
e: Clauses......Page 423
f: Types of sentences......Page 426
a: Understand the five forms of verbs......Page 428
b: Form verb phrases appropriately......Page 430
c: Use appropriate forms of irregular verbs......Page 433
d: Choose between lie and lay, sit and set, rise and raise......Page 437
e: Use verb tenses appropriately......Page 438
f: Sequence verb tenses effectively......Page 443
g: Use active and passive voice effectively......Page 444
h: Understand mood and conditional sentences......Page 445
a: Use count and noncount nouns appropriately......Page 448
b: Use determiners appropriately......Page 449
c: Use articles conventionally......Page 450
a: Understand subject-verb agreement......Page 453
b: Make separated subjects and verbs agree......Page 454
c: Make verbs agree with compound subjects......Page 455
d: Make verbs agree with collective nouns......Page 456
f: Make verbs agree with who, which, and that......Page 457
h: Make verbs agree with subjects ending in -s......Page 458
j: Make verbs agree with titles and words used as words......Page 459
a: Consider a pronoun’s role in the sentence......Page 460
b: Use who, whoever, whom, and whomever appropriately......Page 463
c: Consider case in compound structures......Page 465
e: Use we and us appropriately before a noun......Page 466
f: Make pronouns agree with antecedents......Page 467
g: Make pronouns refer to clear antecedents......Page 469
b: Use adjectives after linking verbs......Page 472
c: Use adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs......Page 473
d: Choose appropriate comparative and superlative forms......Page 475
e: Consider nouns as modifiers......Page 477
f: Understand adjective sending in -ed and -ing......Page 478
g: Put adjectives in order......Page 479
h: Avoid overuse of adverbs and adjectives......Page 480
43: Modifier Placement......Page 481
a: Revise misplaced modifiers......Page 482
b: Revise disruptive modifiers......Page 484
c: Revise dangling modifiers......Page 485
a: Use prepositions idiomatically......Page 486
b: Use two-word verbs idiomatically......Page 488
a: Identify comma splicesand fused sentences......Page 490
c: Link the clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction......Page 492
d: Link the clauses with a semicolon......Page 493
e: Rewrite the clauses as oneindependent clause......Page 494
g: Link the two clauses with a dash......Page 495
a: Identify sentence fragments......Page 497
b: Revise phrase fragments......Page 498
c: Revise compound-predicate fragments......Page 499
d: Revise dependent-clause fragments......Page 500
Punctuation and Mechanics......Page 503
a: Use commas to set off introductory words, phrases, and clauses......Page 506
b: Use commas with conjunctions that join clauses in compound sentences......Page 508
c: Use commas to set off nonrestrictive elements......Page 509
d: Use commas with items in a series......Page 512
e: Use commas to set off parenthetical and transitional expressions......Page 513
f: Use commas to set off contrasting elements, interjections, direct address, and tag questions......Page 514
g: Use commas with dates, addresses, titles, and numbers......Page 515
h: Use commas to set off most quotations......Page 516
j: Eliminate unnecessary commas......Page 517
a: Use semicolons to link independent clauses......Page 519
c: Revise misused semicolons......Page 521
a: Use periods appropriately......Page 523
b: Use question marks appropriately......Page 524
d: Consider end punctuation in informal writing......Page 525
a: Use apostrophes appropriately to show possession......Page 526
b: Use apostrophes in contractions......Page 528
c: Avoid apostrophes in most plural forms......Page 529
a: Use quotation marks to identify direct quotations......Page 530
b: Punctuate block quotations and poetry appropriately......Page 531
c: Use quotation marks for titles of short works......Page 532
e: Use quotation marks to identify irony and invented terms......Page 533
f: Follow conventions for other punctuation with quotation marks......Page 534
g: Revise misused quotation marks......Page 535
a: Use parentheses appropriately......Page 536
b: Use brackets appropriately......Page 537
c: Use dashes appropriately......Page 538
d: Use colons appropriately......Page 540
f: Use ellipses appropriately......Page 541
a: Capitalize the first word of a sentence or line of poetry......Page 544
b: Capitalize proper nouns and proper adjectives......Page 545
d: Revise unnecessary capitalization......Page 547
a: Abbreviate some titles before and all titles after proper names......Page 549
c: Abbreviate some business, government, and science terms......Page 550
f: Use symbols and unit abbreviations appropriately......Page 551
g: Use other abbreviations according to convention......Page 552
i: Spell out numbers that begin sentences......Page 553
j: Use figures according to convention......Page 554
a: Italicize titles of long works......Page 555
c: Italicize non-English words and phrases......Page 556
56: Hyphens......Page 557
a: Use hyphens with compound words......Page 558
c: Avoid unnecessary hyphens......Page 559
MLA Documentation......Page 561
a: Think about what readers need from you......Page 563
b: Consider the context of your sources......Page 564
c: Plan and connect your citations......Page 567
d: Include notes as needed......Page 568
e: Format MLA manuscripts appropriately......Page 569
58: MLA Style for In-Text Citations......Page 570
59: MLA Style for a List of Works Cited......Page 577
60: A Student Research Essay, MLA Style......Page 610
APA Documentation......Page 621
a: Think about what readers need from you......Page 623
b: Identify the type of source you are using......Page 624
c: Plan and connect your citations......Page 625
e: Format APA manuscripts appropriately......Page 626
62: APA Style for In-Text Citations......Page 627
63: APA Style for a List of References......Page 632
64: A Student Research Essay, APA Style......Page 657
Chicago Documentation......Page 669
a: Consider what readers need from you......Page 671
b: Connect parts of citations......Page 672
c: Format Chicago manuscripts appropriately......Page 673
66: Chicago Style for Notes and Bibliographic Entries......Page 675
67: An Excerpt from a Student Research Essay, Chicago Style......Page 692
Glossaries and Index......Page 699
Glossary of Usage......Page 701
Index with Glossary of Terms......Page 711
Acknowledgments......Page 753
Directories......Page 754
Revision Symbols......Page 761
Contents......Page 762
Inside Back Cover......Page 763
Back Cover......Page 764