The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Global Perspective

Foreword
The Path Forward
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Are Not All the Same
Policy Action
Preface
Praise for The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction to the Series on Entrepreneurship and Society
1: Introduction: Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
1 Introduction
2 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
3 Digital Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
4 Structure of the Book
References
2: Building Composite Indicators for Policy Optimization Purposes
1 Introduction
2 The Application of Statistical Methodologies Versus Composite Indicators in Decision-Making
3 The Problem of Compensability of the Variables in Composite Index Construction
4 The Penalty for Bottleneck Methodology
5 Distribution of the Additional Resources
6 Application of the Penalty for Bottleneck to the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index4
7 A Policy Simulation for the Optimal Improvement of GEDI
8 Summary and Conclusion
References
3: World Technology Frontier: Directed Technical Change and the Relevance of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
1 Introduction
2 Background Theory
3 Modeling Country-Level Total Factor Productivity
3.1 The Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) Index
3.2 Modeling the Direction of Technical Change
4 Sample, Variable Definition, and Estimation Strategy
4.1 Sample and Variable Definition
4.2 Estimation Strategy
5 Results
5.1 World Productivity and Technological Catch-up
5.2 The Direction of Technical Change
6 Concluding Remarks and Policy Implications
6.1 Concluding Remarks
6.2 Policy Implications
Appendix
References
4: The Entrepreneurship Paradox: The Role of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem on Economic Performance in Africa
1 Introduction
2 The Entrepreneurship Paradox: From Development Tensions to Policy Tensions
3 Entrepreneurship in Africa
4 Data, Variable Definition and Method
4.1 Data
4.2 Variable Definition
4.3 Method
5 Empirical Results
5.1 Regression Analysis: More Entrepreneurship or a Healthy Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
5.2 Differences in the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Within Africa
5.3 Cluster Analysis
6 Concluding Remarks, Implications and Future Research Lines
6.1 Concluding Remarks
6.2 Entrepreneurship Policy in Africa: Reconciling the Tensions of the Entrepreneurship Paradox
6.3 Lines of Future Research
References
5: The Monetization of the Regional Development and Innovation Index: Estimating the Cost of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Policies in European Union Regions
1 Introduction
2 The Econometric Model
3 Shadow Pricing
3.1 The Starting Point: REDI Normalized Pillar Values
3.2 The REDI as a Maximization Problem
4 Applying the Shadow Pricing Logic
5 Discounting with Fiscal Multipliers
6 The Cost of Entrepreneurship Policy Action: Improving the REDI Scores
7 Summary and Conclusion
Appendix
References
6: Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the European Union Regions: Identification of Optimal Ecosystem Configurations for Informed Policy
1 Introduction
2 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: From Concepts to Theories
3 The Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index: Content and Calculation4
4 Regional Efficiency: Analysis of Composite Indicators (CIs) Based on the Benefit of the Doubt (BOD) Weighting Model
5 Country and Regional Ranking and Grouping
6 Policy Suggestions for Large City-Regions
7 Summary and Conclusion
References
7: Measuring the Effects of Policies Targeting Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: An Application of the GMR Framework with REDI
1 Introduction
2 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Their Measurement
2.1 The REDI
2.2 Policy Optimization
3 Modeling the Economic Effects of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
3.1 General Features of the GMR Approach
3.2 The Logical Setup of the GMR Model
3.3 Entrepreneurship-Related Interventions in the GMR-Europe Model
4 Growth or Convergence? The Economic Impact of Alternative Regional Entrepreneurship Policies
4.1 Uniform Solution: Even Improvement of Entrepreneurship
4.2 Policy Optimization Solution: Targeting National Growth
4.3 Poor Regions Solution: Targeting Underdeveloped Regions
4.4 The Cost of Growth: Convergence Effects
4.5 Lessons Learned from the Simulations
5 Summary
References
8: Digital Inequality and the Signature of Digital Technologies and the Digital Ecosystem: Analysis of Deviations in the Rank-Size Rule of Internet Access Data
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Results
3.1 Digital Technologies and Digital Integration
3.2 The Role of the Digital Ecosystem
4 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
Appendix
Appendix 1: Power law exponent for the number of Internet users (selected years: 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015)
Appendix 2: Data for the empirical analysis
Appendix 3: Kernel density plots for the digital platform economy (DPE) index and its sub-indicators
Appendix 4: OLS regression results
References
9: A Tale of Two Cities: How Arlington Won and Baltimore Lost in Battle for Amazon’s HQ2
1 Amazon HQ2 Race
2 A Tale of Two Cities: The Story
3 A Tale of Two Cities: The Analysis
4 Conclusion
Appendix
References
10: Measuring the Modern Entrepreneur: An Evaluation of Elon Musk
1 Introduction
2 The Entrepreneur
3 Elon Musk—An Entrepreneur?
4 A Tale of Two Predecessors
5 Ford, Toyoda, and Musk—Comparatively Considered
6 The Importance of Entrepreneurship
7 Entrepreneurs, Comparatively Assessed
8 Concluding Thoughts
References
11: How to Tame the Beast? Toward a ‘Regulation Revolution’ in the Digital Platform Economy
1 Introduction
2 Digit(al)ization and Automation: From Disambiguation to Regulation?
2.1 Automation, Autonomy, and Resulting Rights and Regulatory Issues
3 The State of AffAIrs and RemAIning Challenges—A European Point of View
4 Justifications for a ‘Regulation Revolution’ to ‘Tame the Beast’: Conclusion?
12: The Ecology of Innovation: The Evolution of a Research Paradigm
1 Introduction
2 Evolution and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
3 The Coevolution of Agency and Structure in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
4 The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem as a Complex Adaptive System (CAS)
5 Conclusion
References
Glossary
Index