The Emerging Physics of Consciousness

3540238905......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
1.1 Definition and Fundamentals......Page 17
1.1.1 Definition of Consciousness and the Classical Approach......Page 18
1.1.2 Quantum Theories......Page 20
1.1.3 Quantum Processing by Microtubules and Neurocognition......Page 24
1.2 Overview of the Contributions......Page 27
1.3.1 An Electromagnetic Fingerprint of Transport Along Microtubules......Page 33
1.3.2 Extrapolations to Mesoscopic and Macroscopic Levels......Page 38
1.4 Conclusions......Page 39
References......Page 40
2.1.1 The Measurement Problem......Page 43
2.1.2 Objective Reduction and Consciousness......Page 45
2.1.3 Previous Empirical Work on Subjective Reduction......Page 46
2.2 Experimental Design......Page 49
2.3.3 Further Procedure......Page 52
2.4 Data Analysis......Page 53
2.5 Results......Page 54
2.6 Conclusions......Page 56
2.7 Further Research......Page 61
References......Page 63
3.1.1 General Features of the Brain......Page 65
3.1.2 Neuronal Assemblies: Patterns of Connection......Page 67
3.1.3 Neurons, Synapses and Neurotransmitter Molecules......Page 68
3.2 Functions of Microtubules and MAPs......Page 72
3.2.2 Signal Transduction and Anchoring of Signal-Transduction Molecules......Page 73
3.3 Learning and Memory: Neuroplasticity vs. Stability......Page 81
3.3.1 Synaptic Change: Hebb's Rule Revisited......Page 82
3.3.2 Microtubules and MAPs in Dendrites Play a Critical Role in Memory......Page 86
3.4 Consciousness......Page 93
3.4.1 Attention: The Spotlight of Consciousness......Page 94
3.4.2 Waking, Sleeping and Dreaming: Different Levels of Consciousness......Page 96
3.4.3 Mental Force to Think and Act......Page 97
3.4.4 Consciousness, Memory and Microtubules......Page 99
3.5 Microtubules and Quantum Entanglement: A Possible Basis for Memory and Consciousness......Page 101
3.6 Conclusion......Page 105
References......Page 106
4 Towards Experimental Tests of Quantum Effects in Cytoskeletal Proteins......Page 111
4.1.1 Overview......Page 112
4.1.2 Tubulin and Microtubules......Page 113
4.1.3 Motivation......Page 117
4.2.1 Introduction......Page 118
4.2.2 Quantum Coherence in Biological Matter?......Page 121
4.2.3 Implications for Cell Function......Page 131
4.3.1 Introduction......Page 136
4.3.2 Drosophila......Page 137
4.3.3 Genetic Engineering......Page 139
4.3.4 Conditioning......Page 142
4.3.5 Controls......Page 144
4.3.6 Results......Page 148
4.3.8 Discussion......Page 150
4.4.1 Theory of Dielectrics......Page 152
4.4.2 Optics......Page 157
4.4.3 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)......Page 161
4.4.4 Dielectric Spectroscopy......Page 169
4.5.1 Entanglement......Page 175
4.5.3 Proposed Further Research......Page 176
4.6.1 Putting It All Together......Page 179
4.6.2 Conclusions......Page 180
References......Page 181
5.1 Introduction......Page 187
5.2 Quantum and Classical Dynamics......Page 188
5.3 What Are Classical Nonlinear Phenomena?......Page 189
5.4 The Biological and Cognitive Hierarchies......Page 190
5.5 Reductionism......Page 193
5.6.1 Constructionism versus Reductionism......Page 195
5.6.2 Immense Numbers of Possibilities......Page 196
5.6.4 The Nature of Causality......Page 197
5.6.5 Nonlinear Causality......Page 199
5.6.7 Downward Causation......Page 200
5.6.8 Open Systems......Page 201
5.6.9 Closed Causal Loops......Page 202
5.7 Concluding Comments......Page 204
References......Page 206
6.1 Introduction: The Problems of Consciousness......Page 208
6.2.1 Is Consciousness Continuous or a Sequence of Discrete Events?......Page 212
6.2.2 The Timing of Conscious Experience......Page 213
6.2.3 Taking Backward Time Referral Seriously......Page 217
6.3.1 Functional Organization of the Brain......Page 221
6.3.3 Axons and Dendrites......Page 223
6.3.4 Neural Synchrony......Page 227
6.3.5 Gap-Junction Assemblies – "Hyperneurons"......Page 230
6.3.6 The Next NCC Frontier – Neuronal Interiors and the Cytoskeleton......Page 231
6.4.1 Microtubules and Networks inside Neurons......Page 232
6.4.2 Microtubule Automata......Page 235
6.4.3 Protein Conformational Dynamics – Nature's Bits and Qubits......Page 239
6.4.4 Anesthesia......Page 240
6.5.1 Quantum Mechanics......Page 241
6.5.2 Quantum Computation......Page 243
6.5.3 Quantum Computing with Penrose OR......Page 244
6.6 The Quantum Unconscious......Page 245
6.7.1 Specifics of Orch OR......Page 247
6.7.2 Decoherence......Page 250
6.8.1 Visual Consciousness......Page 251
6.8.2 Volition and Free-Will......Page 253
6.8.4 The Hard Problem of Conscious Experience......Page 254
6.8.5 What is Consciousness?......Page 255
6.8.6 Consciousness and Evolution......Page 256
Appendix......Page 257
References......Page 259
7.1 Life and Robustness......Page 269
7.2 Life and Catalysis......Page 274
7.3 Catalysis, Traveling Waves and Excitable Media......Page 285
7.4 The Brain as an Excitable Medium......Page 288
7.5 Conclusion......Page 302
References......Page 303
8.1.1 Neurobiological Introduction......Page 307
8.1.2 Neuro computational Introduction......Page 311
8.1.4 Actin–Microtubule Cytoskeletal Connections......Page 313
8.2 C-Termini in Microtubules......Page 315
8.2.1 Potential Configurations of Microtubular C-Termini......Page 317
8.2.2 Dynamic Model of the C-Termini......Page 319
8.2.3 Ionic Wave Propagation along MAP2......Page 320
8.3.1 Ionic Condensation along the Actin Filament......Page 322
8.3.2 Electrical Modeling of Actin......Page 323
8.3.3 Implications of Actin Filament's Electrical Activity......Page 326
8.4 Dendritic Cytoskeleton Computation – Vision of Integration......Page 327
8.4.1 MTN Control of Synaptic Plasticity, Modulation, and Integration......Page 332
References......Page 334
9.1 Intelligence – Still Ill-Understood......Page 340
9.2 Intelligent Filtering – Denoising of Complex Signals......Page 341
9.2.1 RQNN Architecture used for Stochastic-Filtering......Page 342
9.2.2 Integration of the Schrödinger Wave Equation......Page 344
9.2.3 Simulation Results I......Page 346
9.3 A Comprehensive Quantum Model of Intelligent Behavior......Page 350
9.4.1 A Theoretical Quantum Brain Model......Page 351
9.4.2 An Eye–Tracking Model using RQNN with Nonlinear Modulation of Potential Field......Page 352
9.4.3 Simulation Results II......Page 355
9.5 Concluding Remarks......Page 360
References......Page 382
10.1 Introduction......Page 364
10.2 Microtubulin Model......Page 365
10.3 Hopfield Model......Page 367
10.4 Quantum Model......Page 368
10.5 Quantum Hopfield Network......Page 371
10.6 QHN as Information Propagator for a Microtubules Architecture......Page 373
10.7 Conclusions and Future Work......Page 380
11.1 Deconstruction......Page 384
11.2 Quantum Brain Dynamics......Page 386
11.3 Hermitean Dual-Mode Quantum Brain Dynamics......Page 388
11.4 Non-Hermitean Dual-Mode Quantum Brain Dynamics......Page 389
11.5 Application to Mathematics: The Riemann Hypothesis......Page 390
11.6 Monadological Implications of Non-Hermitean Dual-Mode QBD......Page 394
11.7 Comment......Page 396
References......Page 397
12.1 Why Do we Need a Theory of Consciousness?......Page 399
12.2 Field Theories of Consciousness......Page 405
12.3 The Brain's Electromagnetic Field......Page 406
12.4 The Influence of the Brain's Electromagnetic Field on Neural Firing......Page 407
12.5 The CEMI Field Theory......Page 408
12.6 Why don't External Fields Influence our Minds?......Page 409
12.7 Does the CEMI Field Theory Account for the Seven Clues to the Nature of Consciousness?......Page 410
12.8 A Last Word, Concerning Quantum Theories of Consciousness......Page 413
References......Page 416
13.1 Subject–Object Complementarity and the Hard Problem......Page 419
13.2 Wave–Particle Complementarity, Uncertainty and Quantum Prediction......Page 422
13.3 Two-Timing Nature of Special Relativity......Page 427
13.4 Reality and Virtuality: Quantum Fields and Seething Uncertainty......Page 428
13.5 The Spooky Nature of Quantum Entanglement......Page 429
13.6 Quantum Match-Making: Transactional Supercausality and Reality......Page 432
13.7 Exploring the "Three Pound Universe"......Page 435
13.8 Chaos and Fractal Dynamics as a Source of Sensitivity, Unpredictability and Uncertainty......Page 440
13.9 Classical and Quantum Computation, Anticipation and Survival......Page 442
13.10 The Cosmic Primality of Membrane Excitation......Page 445
13.11 Chaotic Excitability and Quantum Sensitivity as a Founding Eucaryote Characteristic......Page 449
13.12 Models of the Global-Molecular-Quantum Interface......Page 452
13.13 Quantum Mind and Transactional Supercausality......Page 454
13.14 Complementarity and the Sexuality of Quantum Entanglement......Page 460
13.15 The Hard Problem: Subjective Experience, Intentional Will and Quantum Mind Theories......Page 461
13.16 Consciousness and Neurocosmology......Page 463
References......Page 466
14 Consciousness and Logic in a Quantum Computing Universe......Page 469
14.1 Introduction......Page 470
14.2 The "Big Wow"......Page 471
14.3 How the "Big Wow" Drove Human Minds......Page 473
14.3.2 Holography and Cellular Automata......Page 475
14.4 Consciousness and Tubulins/Qubits......Page 476
14.5.1 The Boolean Observer......Page 477
14.5.2 The Analogy......Page 478
14.6 The Double Logic of the Observer Inside a Quantum Universe......Page 479
14.7 IT from Qubit: The Whole Universe as a Quantum Computer......Page 480
14.8 Quantum Minds and Black – Hole Quantum Computers in a Quantum Game......Page 481
14.9 Qualia and Quantum Space-Time......Page 482
14.10 Mathematical Intuition and the Logic of the Internal Observer......Page 485
14.11.1 The Self and the Mirror Measurement......Page 487
14.11.3 The Universal Self: The Universe and the Mirror......Page 488
14.12 Conclusion......Page 489
References......Page 491
C......Page 494
H......Page 495
N......Page 496
S......Page 497
V......Page 498