The Economic Geography of Cross-Border Migration

Contents
Part IConceptual and Historical Contributions
1 Geography of Migration: An Introduction
1.1 Setting the Scene
1.2 Migration: Internal and International
1.3 Classes of Effects of Migration
1.3.1 Types and Determinants of Cross-Border Migration
1.3.2 Effects of Migration on the Host Region/Country
1.4 Effects of Migration on the Origin Region/Country
1.5 Brief Overview of the Handbook
References
2 The “Invasion Peril” in Light of the Topodynamic Theory, and Some Recent Statistics
2.1 The Place of Mobility in the World Polarization Process: The Topodynamic Theory
2.2 The Gears of the Invasion Mechanics: The Conventional Thinking
2.3 The Gears of the Invasion Mechanics: Checking the Facts
2.4 Reconciling Conventional Thinking and Facts
2.5 Conclusion
References
3 Walls and Fences: A Journey Through History and Economics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 A History of Walls and Fences
3.2.1 Ancient and Medieval Walls
3.2.2 Modern Walls
3.2.3 Twenty-First-Century Walls
3.2.4 US-Mexican Wall
3.3 Making Sense Out of Walls
3.4 Open or Closed Borders?
3.5 Conclusions: Politics Versus Economic Evidence
References
4 The Demography of Migration
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Background
4.3 Theories
4.4 Methods and Modelling
4.5 Case Study: Migration in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory
4.6 Policy Framing and Lessons
References
Part IIInternational Migration
5 Immigration Within a US Context: A Drain or Driver of Economic Development?
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Historical and Current Trends
5.3 Patterns of Foreign-Born and Community Well-Being
5.4 Immigrants and Community Entrepreneurship
5.5 Conclusions
References
6 Opportunity Seeking Migration in the United States
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Overview of Migration Research
6.3 Empirical Topics
6.3.1 Choice Set
6.3.2 Selectivity
6.3.3 Panel Data
6.4 People and Place Issues
6.4.1 Life Course Migration
6.4.2 Family Migration
6.5 Conclusion
References
7 Return, Circular, and Onward Migration Decisions in a Knowledge Society
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Typologies and Definitions
7.3 Skilled Migration, the Knowledge Society, and Return/Repeat Migration
7.4 Theoretical Foundations of Migration Moves
7.5 Conceptual Framework and Empirics About Self-selection
7.5.1 Selection in Repeat, Circular, and Onward Migration
7.6 Relevant Literature on the Skilled: A Review and Appraisal
7.6.1 Limitations to the Literature
7.7 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
References
8 The Labour Market Integration of Humanitarian Migrants in OECD Countries: An Overview
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Trends in Humanitarian Migration and Migrant Labour Market Participation
8.3 Labour Market Outcomes of Humanitarian Migrants
8.4 Refugee Economic Integration: The Case of Sweden
8.4.1 Immigration to Sweden
8.4.2 Previous Studies on the Labour Market Participation of Refugees to Sweden
8.4.3 An Overview of the Employment of Humanitarian Migrants to Sweden: Facts and Figures
8.5 Concluding Remarks
References
9 Cross-Border Labour Mobility in Europe: Migration Versus Commuting
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Policies Implemented for Internal and External Mobility
9.2.1 Free Movement Principle
9.2.2 The Schengen Agreement
9.3 Taxonomy of Different Types of Cross-Border Mobility
9.4 Overview of European Cross-Border Labour Mobility
9.4.1 Cross-Country Migrants
9.4.2 Cross-Border Commuters
9.4.3 Posted Workers
9.5 Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature
9.5.1 Benefits and Costs of Cross-Border Labour Mobility
9.5.2 Determinants of Cross-Border Migration
9.5.3 Determinants of Cross-Border Commuting
9.5.4 The Choice Between Migration and Commuting
9.5.5 Obstacles to Cross-Border Mobility
9.6 Conclusions and Policy Implications
References
10 The Role of Subjective Wellbeing in Cross-Border Migration
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Literature Review
10.2.1 Subjective Wellbeing Measures
10.2.2 Subjective Wellbeing and Migration
10.3 A Theory of SWB and Migration Choice
10.4 Empirical Evidence
10.4.1 The Data
10.4.2 Estimated Effects of SWB on Migration
10.5 Research and Policy Implications
References
Part IIIMigration Effects on Destination Areas
11 Migration and Human Capital: The Role of Education in Interregional Migration: The Australian Case
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Background Literature
11.3 Description of Data and Summary Statistics
11.3.1 Data and Sample
11.3.2 Characteristics of Migrants and Migration Flows in Australia
11.4 Empirical Framework
11.5 Results
11.5.1 Results for the Average Migrant
11.5.2 Results by Origin–Destination Pairs
11.6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
12 Effects of Immigration on Local Housing Markets
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Theoretical Perspectives
12.3 Empirical Evidence
12.3.1 United States
12.3.2 United Kingdom
12.3.3 Canada
12.3.4 Spain
12.3.5 Italy
12.3.6 France
12.3.7 Switzerland
12.3.8 Meta-Analytic Evidence
12.4 A Case Study: New Zealand
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 The Urban Geography of Segregation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Defining Segregation
13.3 Methodologies of Detecting and Understanding Segregation
13.4 Causes and Patterns of Segregation
13.5 Implications of Segregation
13.5.1 Economic Effects
13.5.2 Demographic Effects
13.6 Conclusion
References
14 Complementarities Between Native and Immigrant Workers in Italy by Sector
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Literature Review
14.2.1 The Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market
14.2.2 The Italian Case
14.3 Theoretical Framework
14.3.1 Estimating the Total Effect on Wages
14.4 Data and Variable Construction
14.5 Elasticity of Substitution Between Native and Immigrant Workers
14.6 The Impact of Immigration on Wages
14.7 Concluding Remarks
Appendix
References
15 A New Focus on Migration Health
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Evolution of Migration Health as a Discipline
15.3 Migration Health Conceptual Framework and Theories
15.4 Examples of Theories and Hypotheses
15.5 Effects of Migration on Health
15.6 The Implications of Migration on Health and Health Services in Countries of Destination
15.7 Implications for Migration Health Policy and Priorities
15.8 Recent International Policy Developments; Challenges and Opportunities
15.9 Conclusions
References
16 The General and the Task-Specific Human Capital of Migrants: Host Country Perspective
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Literature Review
16.3 Data and Analytical Approach
16.3.1 Empirical Data
16.3.2 Methodology
16.4 Empirical Results
16.4.1 Descriptive Evidence: Socio-Demographic and Employment Profiles
16.4.2 Immigrant-Native Gaps in the General (Cognitive) Human Capital
16.4.3 Immigrant-Native Gaps in the Specific (Task-Based) Human Capital
16.5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
17 Entrepreneurial Journeys of Syrian Refugees in Groningen, A Liminal Story?
17.1 Introduction and Research Positioning
17.1.1 Research Positioning
17.2 Literature Review About Creating a Vital Ecosystem
17.2.1 Refugee Entrepreneurship
17.2.2 Barriers of Refugee Entrepreneurs
17.2.3 Networking
17.2.4 Support System of the Triple Helix/Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Model
17.2.5 Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Journeys
17.3 Methodology
17.3.1 Theory of Vital and Grounded Approach
17.3.2 Context Alfa-College
17.3.3 Coding
17.4 Stories of Entrepreneurial Journeys
17.4.1 Storytelling Participant Amjad (31, Technical Engineer)
17.4.2 Storytelling Kazem (26, Tech-Consultancy)
17.4.3 Storytelling Mohammed (25, Catering Industry)
17.4.4 Storytelling Adib (42, Mechanical Engineer)
17.4.5 Storytelling Nazim (25, Catering Industry)
17.4.6 Storytelling Nour (32, Hairdresser)
17.4.7 Storytelling Anas (25, Retail Industry)
17.4.8 Storytelling Ayoub (25, Catering Industry)
17.5 Becomings (Discussion)
17.5.1 Great Expectations
17.5.2 Entrepreneurship as the Holy Grail
17.5.3 We Are Experienced
17.5.4 Old Networks and the Development of New Networks
References
Part IVMigration Effects on Sending Areas
18 The Importance of Political and Economic Institutions to the Decisions of International Migrants to Return to Their Home Countries
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Institutions—Definition, Classification, and Measurement
18.3 The Importance of Institutions to Migration Decisions of International Migrants
18.3.1 Theories of Institutions as Determinants of International Migration
18.3.2 Empirical Review on Institutions as Determinants of International Migration
18.4 Institutions as Determinants of Return Migration: A Case Study of Vietnam
18.5 Conclusions
References
19 The Impact of Emigration on Source Countries
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Determinants of Emigration
19.3 The Economic Impact of Emigration
19.3.1 Emigration and Remittances
19.3.2 Emigration, Trade, and Foreign Direct Investment
19.3.3 Emigration and Human Capital
19.4 Emigration from Asia
19.4.1 Emigration from China
19.4.2 The Economic Impact of Emigration from China
19.5 Conclusion
References
20 Economic Effects of Remittances on Migrants’ Country of Origin
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Intra-Household and Other Social Effects
20.2.1 Intra-Household Decision-Making in Remittance-Receiving Contexts
20.2.2 Remittances and Intra-Household Labour Allocation
20.3 Household-Level Effects on Consumption and Norms, on Investment in Physical and Human Capital, and on Income Inequality
20.3.1 Effects on Consumption and Norms
20.3.2 Effects on Investment in Physical and Human Capital
20.3.3 Effects on Income Inequality
20.4 Country-Level Effects: Causes, Growth Channels, Globalization and Distribution
20.4.1 Causes of Remittances and Reinforcing or Weakening Factors
20.4.2 Financial Development
20.4.3 Effects on Distribution, Poverty and Health
20.4.4 Effects in Accumulation and Growth Regressions
20.4.5 Globalization: Effects on Migration, Exchange Rates and Trade
20.4.6 Effects on and Reactions of Governments and Institutions
20.4.7 Linking the Effects: Simultaneous Equation Models
20.5 Conclusion
References
21 The Impact of Immigration on Foreign Market Access: A Panel Analysis
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Data
21.2.1 Migration Flows
21.2.2 FDI Flows
21.2.3 Trade Data
21.2.4 Covariates
21.3 A Preliminary View at the Data
21.4 Empirical Approach
21.5 Empirical Results
21.6 Summary and Conclusion
References
22 Unskilled Migration with Remittance and Welfare Analysis
22.1 Introduction and Literature Review
22.2 Models with and Without Unskilled Migrants
22.2.1 No Unskilled Migration in an Open Economy
22.2.2 Unskilled Migration and Remittance in an Open Economy
22.3 The Comparative Statics
22.4 Welfare and Inequality Analysis
22.5 The Decision of the Optimal Migration Ratio Through Other Mechanisms
22.5.1 The Quota of the Northern Country
22.5.2 Negotiation Between the Two Countries
22.6 Concluding Remarks
22.7 Appendix
22.7.1 Proof of Proposition 1
22.7.2 Proof of Proposition 2
References
Part VMigration and Policy
23 Migration, Depressed Regions, and Place-Based Policy
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Natural Versus Structural Migrations
23.3 Economic Decline in Four West Virginia Counties
23.4 Place-Based Policies
23.5 Summary and Tentative Recommendations
References
24 The Relationship Between Cultural Differences and Migration: Does Cultural Dilemma Matter?
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Data
24.3 Empirical Strategy
24.4 Results
24.5 Conclusions
Appendix
References
25 Migration in a Post-global Era
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Globalization—What Is It and Why It Matters
25.3 Migration and Globalization—A Two-Way Relationship
25.4 So, What then Is the Problem with All This?
25.5 Two Further Reasons for Thinking that the ‘Age of Migration’ Might Be Over
25.6 What About the Future?
25.7 Conclusions
References