The ECG Made Practical is a clinically-orientated book, showing how the electrocardiogram can help in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with symptoms suggesting cardiovascular disease. The underlying philosophy of this Seventh Edition remains that the ECG has to be interpreted in the light of the patient’s history and physical examination, thus the book is organised in chapters according to a patient’s symptoms.
Clinically-orientated with a quick reference list of cardiovascular conditions
Builds on the basic knowledge outlined in the classic ECG Made Easy
Emphasises the individuality of every ECG and uses full 12-lead ECG recordings to provide a realistic reproduction of the clinical environment.
The unique page size allows presentation of 12-lead ECGs across a single page for clarity.
Each chapter begins with a brief account of the relevant history and examination and ends with a short account of what might be done once the ECG has been interpreted.
The ECG is a vital part of diagnosis and prolonged ambulatory ECG recording is now commonplace. This Seventh Edition includes a greater focus on ambulatory monitoring and the newer monitoring devices, while developments in pacing systems and defibrillators are described.
Author(s): John Hampton, David Adlam
Edition: 7
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2019
Language: English
Commentary: TRUE PDF
Tags: ECG; Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases
Front Cover
Inside Front Cover
The ECG Made Practical
Copyright Page
Table Of Contents
Preface
What to expect of this book
What to expect of the ECG
Acknowledgements
12-lead ECGs
1 The ECG in healthy people
Types of ECG
The ‘normal’ ECG
The normal cardiac rhythm
The heart rate
Sinus tachycardia
Sinus bradycardia
Extrasystoles
The P wave
The PR interval
The QRS complex
The cardiac axis
The size of R and S waves in the chest leads
The width of the QRS complex
Q waves
The ST segment
The T wave
The QT interval
The ECG in athletes
The ECG in pregnancy
The ECG in children
What is a ‘normal ECG’
What to do
Further investigations
Treatment of asymptomatic ECG abnormalities
2 The ECG in patients with palpitations and syncope
The clinical history and physical examination
Palpitations
Dizziness and syncope
Physical examination
The ECG
Syncope due to cardiac disease other than arrhythmias
Patients with possible tachycardias
Mitral stenosis
Pre-excitation syndromes
The Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome
The long QT syndrome
The Brugada syndrome
Patients with possible bradycardias
Escape rhythms
Syncope
Potentially significant conduction abnormalities.
3 The ECG in patients with palpitations and syncope
Types of ecg monitors
Features of ambulatory ECG traces
4 The ECG when the patient has a tachycardia
Mechanism of tachycardias
Enhanced automaticity and triggered activity
Abnormalities of cardiac rhythm due to re-entry
Differentiation between re-entry and enhanced automaticity
Extrasystoles causing symptoms
Narrow complex tachycardias causing symptoms
Atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia
AV nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT)
Atrial tachycardia
Atrial flutter
Atrial fibrillation
Broad complex tachycardias causing symptoms
P waves
The QRS complex
Fusion beats and capture beats
Differentiation of broad complex tachycardias
Special forms of VT in patients with symptoms
Right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia
Torsade de pointes
Broad complex tachycardia associated with the WPW syndrome
Management of arrhythmias
Electrophysiology and catheter ablation
The endocardial ECG
Catheter ablation
Arrhythmias amenable to ablation
Atrial flutter
Atrial fibrillation
AV node ablation
Pathway ablation
Ventricular tachycardia
Indications for electrophysiology
Cardiac arrest
ICD devices
Pacemaker function
Defibrillator function
Anti-tachycardia pacing
Indications for ICD devices
ECG appearance
Abnormal ICD function
5 The ECG when the patient has a bradycardia
Mechanism of bradycardias
Sinoatrial disease – the ‘sick sinus syndrome’
Atrial fibrillation and flutter
AV block
The endocardial ECG in AV block
Management of bradycardias
Temporary pacing in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Permanent pacing
Pacing
Sensing
Monitoring
Pacemaker nomenclature
Right ventricular pacemakers (VVI)
ECG appearance
Extra functions
Leadless pacemakers
His pacemakers
Right atrial pacemakers (AAI)
ECG appearance
Extra functions
Dual-chamber pacemakers (DDD)
ECG appearance
Specialist functions
Abnormal pacemaker function
Failed pacing capture
Under-sensing
Over-sensing or far-field sensing
Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia
Magnet rate
Indications for pacemaker insertion
6 The ECG in patients with chest pain
History and examination
Acute chest pain
The ECG in the presence of acute chest pain
The ECG in patients with myocardial ischaemia
ECG changes in STEMI
Inferior infarction
Anterior and lateral infarction
Posterior infarction
Right ventricular infarction
Multiple infarctions
Bundle branch block and myocardial infarction
Left bundle branch block.
Right bundle branch block.
ECG changes in NSTEMI
Ischaemia without myocardial infarction
Prinzmetal’s ‘variant’ angina
The ECG in pulmonary embolism
The ECG in other causes of chest pain
Pericarditis
Aortic stenosis
ECG pitfalls in the diagnosis of chest pain
ST elevation
R wave changes
ST segment and T wave changes
Chronic chest pain
The investigation of chronic chest pain
Practical aspects of exercise testing
Reasons for discontinuing an exercise test
Interpretation of ECG changes during exercise testing
Risks of exercise testing
Management of chest pain
7 The ECG in patients with breathlessness
History and examination
Rhythm problems
The ECG in disorders affecting the left side of the heart
The ECG in left atrial hypertrophy
The ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy
ECGs that can mimic left ventricular hypertrophy
The ECG in disorders affecting the right side of the heart
The ECG in right atrial hypertrophy
The ECG in right ventricular hypertrophy
What to do
Cardiac resynchronization therapy
Indications for CRT
ECG appearance
Specialist functions
8 The effects of other conditions on the ECG
Artefacts in ECG recordings
The effects of abnormal muscle movement
Hypothermia
The ECG in congenital heart disease
The ECG in systemic diseases
Thyroid disease
Malignancy
The Effects of serum electrolyte abnormalities on the ECG
Potassium
Magnesium
Calcium
The effects of medication on the ECG
Digoxin
Drugs that prolong the QT interval
Lithian
Other causes of an abnormal ECG
Trauma
Metabolic diseases
Cerebrovascular accidents
Muscle disease
9 Conclusions
Description
Interpretation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
Now test yourself
Index
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