With contributions by Barry Ager, Marion Archibald, Hero Granger-Taylor, Susan Kruse, John Sheehan, Egon Wamers, Leslie Webster, Martin Welch and Gareth Williams. Original drawings by Karen Hughes.
Second printing with minor amendments.
The catalogue focuses on the entire non-numismatic contents of the Cuerdale hoard (discovered in 1840), together with all the other hoards and single-finds of gold and silver artefacts (ornaments and ingots) of Viking character in the British Museum, found in Britain and Ireland, up to the end of the year 2000, with each piece individually catalogued and illustrated. There is also a full chapter discussing the coins from Cuerdale, together with summary descriptions. Written by the leading authority on the subject, James Graham-Campbell is Emeritus Professor of Medieval Archaeology, University College London and a Fellow of the British Academy. This catalogue complements both that by D. M. Wilson on the 'Anglo-Saxon Ornamental Metalwork, 700-1100', in the British Museum (London, 1964) and that by James Graham-Campbell on 'The Viking-Age Gold and Silver of Scotland (AD 850-1100)' (Edinburgh, 1995).
Author(s): James Graham-Campbell
Series: British Museum Research Publications, 185
Edition: Reprint
Publisher: The British Museum
Year: 2013
Language: English
Pages: 400
City: London
The Author and Contributors vi
Illustration Acknowledgements vii
Abbreviations used in the Catalogue and Some Explanatory Notes viii
Preface / Leslie Webster ix
Foreword and Acknowledgements / James Graham-Campbell xi
Chapter 1: The Collection of Viking-Age Gold and Silver from Britain and Ireland in the British Museum / James Graham-Campbell 1
The scope of the catalogue 1
The history of the collection 2
An evaluation 5
Exclusions 15
Chapter 2: The Discovery and Dispersal of the Cuerdale Hoard / James Graham-Campbell 21
The sources 21
The discovery (15 May 1840) 21
The Treasure Trove claim 24
The ‘Inquisition’ (15 August 1840) 25
‘Treasure Trove at Cuerdale’ 26
Distribution 28
Conclusions 33
Chapter 3: The Cuerdale Coins / Gareth Williams, with a contribution by Marion Archibald 39
Reconstructing the coin contents of the Cuerdale hoard 39
The coin components 42
Testing / Marion Archibald 51
Dating 64
The coins in context 67
Conclusion 71
Chapter 4: Classification and Discussion of the Objects from the Cuerdale Hoard: Part 1: Ingots / Susan Kruse and James Graham-Campbell, with a contribution by Hero Granger-Taylor 73
Scope 73
Definitions and classifications 73
Textile impressions on five silver ingots / Hero Granger-Taylor 82
Cross-marked ingots in Britain and Ireland 83
Other silver ingots: Goldsborough, Co. Cork, Ballaquayle and Tiree hoards 83
Silver ingot hoards 84
Gold ingot from Co. Cork 84
Casting waste, sheet scrap, etc. 84
Chapter 5: Classification and Discussion of the Objects: Part 2: Rings / James Graham-Campbell, with contributions by John Sheehan 87
Introduction 87
'Bullion-rings' / John Sheehan 87
Spiral-rings 88
Neck-rings 89
Arm-rings, with a contribution on 'Hiberno-Scandinavian broad-band arm-rings' / John Sheehan 91
Finger-rings 104
Chapter 6: Classification and Discussion of the Objects: Part 3: Brooches and Miscellaneous / James Graham-Campbell, with a contribution by Barry Ager 111
Brooches, pins and buckle(s) 111
Brooches: Group 1 (Irish tradition) 112
Brooches: Group 2 (Scandinavian/Baltic tradition) 119
Brooches: Group 3 (Anglo-Saxon tradition) 119
Brooches: Group 4 (Frankish tradition) 120
Pins 120
Buckle(s) 121
Beads, rings, chains, wires and filigree fragments 121
Pendants 125
The Halton Moor gold discs / Barry Ager 127
Miscellaneous (non-Scandinavian) artefacts 128
Hoard containers 129
Chapter 7: The Halton Moor Cup and the Carolingian Metalwork in the Cuerdale Hoard / Egon Wamers 133
The Halton Moor Cup 133
Carolingian filigree fragments from the Cuerdale hoard 135
Carolingian belt-fittings from the Cuerdale hoard 137
Chapter 8: Manufacture and Decoration / James Graham-Campbell 141
Casting 141
Hammering (forging/smithing) 141
Stamping 141
Brambling 146
Incised decoration 149
Wire-drawing 150
Chapter 9: Contents and Contexts: A Discussion / James Graham-Campbell 151
Reasons for deposition 151
Hoards 151
Single-finds 152
The wider context 153
Envoi 158
Handlists / James Graham-Campbell 159
1. Viking-age and twelfth-century coin hoards found in Britain and Ireland containing nonnumismatic gold and silver 159
2. Viking-age gold rings found in Britain and Ireland 159
3. Gold and silver Thor’s hammer pendants from England 160
Catalogue / James Graham-Campbell 161
Introduction and notes to the catalogue entries 161
Part I: Viking-age Hoards: Mixed and Coinless (1–16) 165
1. Cuerdale, near Preston, Lancs 180
2. Flusco Pike 1, near Penrith, Cumbria 230
3. Goldsborough, near Knaresborough, North Yorks 234
The coins from Goldsborough, by Gareth Williams 236
4. Halton Moor, near Lancaster, Lancs 238
5. Lark Hill, near Worcester, Worcs 241
6. Shotton Hall, near Sunderland, Co. Durham 242
7. Soberton, Hants 243
8. Near Athlone, Co. Westmeath(?) 244
9. Co. Cork 245
10. Scattery Island (Inis Cáthaig), Co. Clare 246
11. Unprovenanced, Ireland 247
12. Ballacamaish, Kirk Andreas 248
13. Ballaquayle (Douglas), Onchan 250
14. Inch Kenneth, Argyll 254
15. Tiree, Argyll 255
16. Unprovenanced, Scotland 256
Part II: Single-finds of Viking-age Gold and Silver (17–41) 257
Appendices / James Graham-Campbell, with contributions by Susan Kruse, Martin Welch† and Gareth Williams 267
Appendix 1. A Thor’s Hammer Pendant, ‘reputedly’ from near Carlisle 267
Appendix 2. The Cuerdale Hoard: Fakes and False Provenances 269
1. Fake Cuerdale ‘mark’ ingot / Susan Kruse 269
2. ‘Cuerdale’ silver cylindrical ingot 270
3. Two ‘Cuerdale’ silver penannular arm-rings 270
4. Hiberno-Scandinavian broad-band silver penannular arm-ring from ‘near Oxford’ 270
5. Viking-age silver penannular finger-ring from Forkhill, Co. Armagh 271
6. Unprovenanced Merovingian silver penannular arm-ring, with a discussion by Martin Welch 272
7. Four nineteenth-century Indian silver penannular rings 272
Appendix 3 The Cuerdale Hoard: The Duchy of Lancaster’s Distribution-Lists (B8) 275
1. ‘Distribution of ...Coins up to the 3rd September 1841’ 275
2. ‘Distribution of the Coins continued from 3rd September 1841 to 6 July 1846’ 278
3. Additional recipients 280
4. The recipients: a note 280
Appendix 4 Summary List of Coins in the Cuerdale Hoard now in the British Museum / Gareth Williams 292
Appendix 5 List of Coins in the Goldsborough Hoard / Gareth Williams 285
Bibliography 287
Plates 299
Index 381
