The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected communities of color while highlighting the prevalence of structural racism in the United States. This crucial collection of essays, written by leading scholars from the fields of communications, political science, health, philosophy, and geography, explores the manifold ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted upon Black, Latinx, and Indigenous communities and the way we see race relations in the United States.
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the significance of U.S. health inequalities, which the World Health Organization defines as "avoidable[and] unfair." It has also highlighted structural racism, specifically, institutions, practices, values, customs, and policies that differentially allocate resources and opportunities so as to increase inequity among racial groups. Navarro and Hernandez therefore argue that the COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed a race war in America that has further marginalized communities of color by limiting access to resources by different racial and ethnic minorities, particularly women within these communities. Moreover, the systemic policies of the past that upheld or failed to address the unequal social conditions affecting Blacks, Latinxs, and other minorities have now been magnified with COVID-19. The volume concludes by offering recommendations to prevent future humanitarian crises from exacerbating racial divisions and having a disproportionate impact upon ethnic minorities.
Author(s): Sharon A. Navarro, Samantha L. Hernandez
Series: The Covid-19 Pandemic Series
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 250
City: London
Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Figures
Tables
Contributors
Foreword
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
The Intersection of COVID-19 and Systemic Racism
Racism and the Seeds of Distrust
Chapter Outlines
Digital Divide/Education
Media
Public Health
Working Disparities and Social Distancing
Vaccine Nationalism
Notes
References
2 Placing a Band-Aid On a Bullet Wound?: Black and Latinx Educational Experiences During a Pandemic
Introduction
Blacks, Latinxs, and Educational Achievement
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effects On Mental Health, the Digital Divide, and Education
Education Debt
Data and Methodology
Findings
Parents’ Perceptions of Remote Learning
Teachers’ Perception of Remote Learning
Discussion
References
3 Necessity as the Mother of Invention: Attempting to Overcome the Digital Divide During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction
The Digital Divide and COVID-19
COVID-19 as an Impetus for Policy Change
Methodology
A Tale of Four Districts
Allentown School District
Atlanta Public Schools
Brownsville Independent School District
Detroit Public Schools Community District
Discussion
Notes
References
4 COVID-19 Racial Disparities: A Content Analysis of News Media Coverage
Introduction
COVID-19 and Racial Health Disparities
Theoretical Framework
Agenda Setting Theory
Framing Theory
Research Objectives
Method
Sampling
Tweet Retrieval and Preprocessing
Article Screening
Coding Framework and Procedure
Racial Disparities and Racism
Racial Disparities
Racism/Implied Racism
Issues Discussed
Health
Healthcare System
Personal Financial Implication
Societal Economic Implication
Educational
Expert Sources of Information
Emotional Appeals
Tone
Coding Procedure
Statistical Analysis
Results
Local Media Coverage of Racial Disparities in COVID-19
News Stories Featuring Experts
Use of Emotional Appeals in News Media Reporting
Overall Tone of News Coverage
Limitations
Discussion
Conclusion
References
5 Perceptions of COVID-19 and BLM Protesting On Twitter
Introduction
Literature Review
Black Lives Matter and Online Social Movement
Media Framing of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Racial and Health Disparities During the Pandemic
Theoretical Framework, Research Method, and Research Procedures
Data Analysis
RQ1: Themes That Emerged Regarding COVID-19 and BLM
Theme 1: Racialized Health Care
Theme 2: Pandemic of Racism
Theme 3: Economic Injustice
Theme 4: GOP Leadership
Theme 5: Memorializing the Loss From COVID-19
Theme 6: Role of Media in Covering COVID-19
Theme 7: Information Sharing On COVID-19-Related Issues
Theme 8: Solidarity During BLM Movement
Theme 9: Risks of Protests During the Pandemic
Theme 10: Conspiracy Theories
RQ2: Sense-Making of COVID-19 and BLM
Theme 11: COVID-19 Exasperated Pre-Existing Inequities in Social Justice
Theme 12: COVID-19 Exasperated Pre-Existing Inequities in Public Health
Theme 13: COVID-19 Is Related to BLM: COVID-19 as State-Sanctioned Violence Against Black and Brown People
Theme 14: COVID-19 Is Not Related to BLM: Trump Lies/Americans Die
RQ3: Discussions Among Social Media Users About COVID-19- Related Race and Health Disparity Issues
Theme 15: Voting (Political Participation) Needed to Change COVID-19/System of Racism
Theme 16: Black Unity Needed for Change
Theme 17: Media Framing of BLM Impacting Perceptions of Issues
Discussion
Limitations and Future Studies
References
6 Same Pandemic, Different Plights: The Conjoined Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Ethnoracial Identity On Psychological …
Introduction
Cumulative Disadvantage, Ethnoracial Health Disparities, and Health News
The COVID-19 Magnifier
Data and Methods
Dependent Variable
Independent Variables (Study 1)
Independent Variables (Study 2)
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
Notes
References
7 The Auto-Immunization of Black Life in Pandemic America
Introduction
Life Taking Hold of the Political
Good American Vs. Mere American Life
Biopolitics and Race War
American Representation
Living Dead Machines and Biopolitical Possibilities
American Rogue
The Democracy to Come for Black Life
Notes
References
8 Fight the Virus, Fight the Bias: Asian Americans’ COVID-19 Racism Experience, Health Impact, and Activism
Introduction
“Kung-flu” and “Chinese Virus”—Racist and Stigmatizing Rhetoric in American Politics and Its Impacts
Anti-Asian Biases and COVID-19 Attacks
Invalidation of Interethnic Differences
Asians as Perpetual Foreigners
Patterns of Anti-Asian COVID-19 Racism
Anxiety, Depression, and Health Behaviors During the Pandemic
The Impact of COVID-19 Racism On AsAms’ Health
AsAm Advocacy Actions to Combat COVID-19 Racism
Conclusion
References
9 “Balancing It All”: The Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic On Working Mothers in Texas
Introduction
Women in Crises
Texan Working Mothers’ Lived Realities
Epilogue
Notes
References
10 Essential, Contingent, Informal, and Infected: Work and Ethnicity During COVID-19
Introduction
The Spatiality of Labor
Placing the Latinx Population
Understanding Low Wage Work in the United States
Essential, Contingent, Informal, and Infected
Essential Workers
Contingent Workers
Informal Workers
Comparing Little Village and Norwood Park
Discussion
Conclusions
Notes
References
11 Social Distancing as Lens: Race and Some Instructive Facets of Mass Pathogenic Self-Isolation
Introduction
Epidemiological Social Distancing and Race
Racialized “Place” as Problematic Refuge During Pandemic
The Preexisting Landscape of Social Distancing
Racialized Places as Coronavirus Refuge
Social Distancing and the Respiratory Mask as Provisional “Game-Changer”
References
12 “To Make Live and Let Die”: Vaccine Nationalism, Vulnerable Solidarity, and Global Inequalities in the Age of COVID-19
Introduction
The Problems of Vaccine Nationalism
Biopolitics, State Racism, and Nationalism
COVID-19 and the Biopolitics of Vaccine Nationalism
COVID-19, the Developing World, and “Letting Die”
“Reasonable” Discrimination, Vaccine Nationalism, and COVID-19
COVAX, Vaccine Multilateralism, and Vulnerable Solidarity
Notes
References
13 Looking Ahead
Introduction
References
Index
