Content: Allelopathic research in agriculture : past highlights and potential / Alan R. Putnam --
Economics of weed control in crops / J.M. Chandler --
Assessment of the allelopathic effects of weeds on field crops in the humid midsouth / C.D. Elmore --
Chemistry and biology of allelopathic agents / N. Bhushan Mandava --
The involvement of allelochemicals in the host selection of parasitic angiosperms / David G. Lynn --
Sesquiterpene lactones and allelochemicals from Centaurea species / K.L. Stevens and G.B. Merrill --
Fractionation of allelochemicals from oilseed sunflowers and Jerusalem artichokes / E.J. Saggese, T.A. Foglia, G. Leather, M.P. Thompson, D.D. Bills, and P.D. Hoagland --
Biosynthesis of phenolic compounds : chemical manipulation in higher plants / Stephen O. Duke --
Allelopathic agents from common weeds : Amaranthus palmeri, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and related weeds / Nikolaus H. Fischer and Leovigildo Quijano --
Allelopathic agents from Parthenium hysterophorus and Baccharis megapotamica / Bruce B. Jarvis, N.B. Pena, M. Madhusudana Rao, Nilgun S. Cömezoglu, Taha F. Cömezoglu, and N.B. Mandava --
Effects of allelochemicals on mineral uptake and associated physiological processes / Nelson E. Balke --
Effects of allelochemicals on plant-water relationships / F.A. Einhellig, M. Stille Muth, and M.K. Schon --
Mechanisms of allelopathic action in bioassay / G.R. Leather and F.A. Einhellig --
Phytotoxic compounds isolated and identified from weeds / G.F. Nicollier, D.F. Pope, and A.C. Thompson --
Phytotoxicity of root exudates and leaf extracts of nine plant species / Daniel F. Pope, A.C. Thompson, and A.W. Cole --
The effect of root exudates on soybeans : germination, root growth, nodulation, and dry-matter production / Daniel F. Pope, A.C. Thompson, and A.W. Cole --
Rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mulch : the suppression of certain broadleaved weeds and the isolation and identification of phytotoxins / Donn G. Shilling, Rex A. Liebl, and A. Douglas Worsham --
Allelopathy in tall fescue / Elroy J. Peters and K.T. Luu --
Germination regulation by Amaranthus palmeri and Ambrosia artemisiifolia / Judith M. Bradow --
The influence of secondary plant compounds on the associations of soil microorganisms and plant roots / R.E. Hoagland and R.D. Williams --
Antimicrobial agents from plants : a model for studies of allelopathic agents? / Alice M. Clark, Charles D. Hufford, Farouk S. El-Feraly, and James D. McChesney --
A survey of soil microorganisms for herbicidal activity / R.M. Heisey, J. Defrank, and A.R. Putnam --
Use of bioassays for allelochemicals in aquatic plants / Lars W.J. Anderson --
Allelopathic substances from a marine alga (Nannochloris sp.) / Ralph E. Moon and Dean F. Martin --
Naturally occurring substances that inhibit the growth of Hydrilla verticillata / Patricia M. Dooris and Dean F. Martin --
Oxygenated fatty acids : a class of allelochemicals from aquatic plants / Robert T. Van Aller, George F. Pessoney, Van A. Rogers, Edward J. Watkins, and Harold G. Leggett --
Spikerush (Eleocharis spp.) : a source of allelopathics for the control of undesirable aquatic plants / F.M. Ashton, J.M. Di Tomaso, and L.W.J. Anderson --
Improvements in the synthesis of strigol and its analogs / A.B. Pepperman, Jr. and E.J. Blanchard --
An improved partial synthesis of (±)-strigol / Oliver D. Dailey, Jr. and Sidney L. Vail --
Strigol : total synthesis and preparation of analogs / Dee W. Brooks, Eileen Kennedy, and H.S. Bevinakatti --
Strigol syntheses and related structure-bioactivity studies / Sidney L. Vail, Oliver D. Dailey, Jr., W.J. Connick, Jr., and A.B. Pepperman, Jr.
Author(s): Alonzo C. Thompson (Eds.)
Series: ACS Symposium Series 268
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Year: 1985
Language: English
Pages: 450
City: Washington, D.C
Title Page......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
ACS Symposium Series......Page 5
FOREWORD......Page 6
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 7
1 Allelopathic Research in Agriculture Past Highlights and Potential......Page 9
Sources of Allelopathic Chemicals......Page 10
Natural Products Identified as Allelopathic Agents......Page 11
Challenges in Allelopathy Research......Page 12
Literature Cited......Page 16
2 Economics of Weed Control in Crops......Page 17
Public Welfare as Affected By Weeds......Page 18
Classes of Losses Caused By Weeds in Crops......Page 19
Estimated Crop Losses from Weed Competition......Page 20
Extent of Herbicide Usage and Cost in Crops......Page 22
Literature Cited......Page 27
3 Assessment of the Allelopathic Effects of Weeds on Field Crops in the Humid Midsouth......Page 29
Allelopathic Weeds......Page 30
Conclusion......Page 38
Literature Cited......Page 39
I. Terminology......Page 41
II. Historical Background......Page 42
III. Present State of Knowledge on Allelopathic Agents......Page 43
A. Biosynthesis......Page 45
B. Routes of Entry into the Environment......Page 50
C. Extraction, Bioassays and Identification......Page 51
D. Mechanism of Action......Page 53
E. Exploiting Allelopathy in Agricultural Systems......Page 54
F. Health and Environmental Considerations......Page 55
V. Problems and Perspectives......Page 57
Literature Cited......Page 59
5 The Involvement of Allelochemicals in the Host Selection of Parasitic Angiosperms......Page 63
Plant Materials and Bioassays......Page 64
Haustorial Inducing Factors from Gum Tragacanth......Page 65
Haustorial Inducers in a Natural Host......Page 72
Quantitation of Haustorial Inducers in Root Exudate......Page 79
Conclusion......Page 85
Literature Cited......Page 87
6 Sesquiterpene Lactones and Allelochemicals from Centaurea Species......Page 90
Materials and Methods.......Page 91
Results and Discussion......Page 92
Literature Cited......Page 104
7 Fractionation of Allelochemicals from Oilseed Sunflowers and Jerusalem Artichokes......Page 106
Experimental......Page 107
Bioassay for Phytotoxic Properties......Page 110
Discussion......Page 111
Acknowledgment......Page 118
Literature Cited......Page 119
8 Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds Chemical Manipulation in Higher Plants......Page 120
Inhibitors of Aromatic Amino Acid Synthesis......Page 122
Inhibitors of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase......Page 124
Influences on Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO)......Page 127
Conclusions and Prospects......Page 130
Literature Cited......Page 135
9 Allelopathic Agents from Common Weeds Amaranthus palmeri, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Related Weeds......Page 139
Materials and Methods......Page 140
Results and Discussion......Page 143
Literature Cited......Page 152
10 Allelopathic Agents from Parthenium hysterophorus and Baccharis megapotamica......Page 154
Parthenium hysterophorus......Page 155
Baccharis megapotamica......Page 156
Literature Cited......Page 162
11 Effects of Allelochemicals on Mineral Uptake and Associated Physiological Processes......Page 165
Alteration of Mineral Concentration in Intact Plants......Page 166
Mechanism(s) of Action......Page 173
Literature Cited......Page 180
12 Effects of Allelochemicals on Plant-Water Relationships......Page 183
Materials and Methods......Page 185
Results......Page 187
Discussion......Page 195
Literature Cited......Page 198
13 Mechanisms of Allelopathic Action in Bioassay......Page 200
Materials and Methods......Page 201
Results and Discussion......Page 202
Literature Cited......Page 207
14 Phytotoxic Compounds Isolated and Identified from Weeds......Page 209
White Sweet Clover (Melilotus alba Desr.)......Page 210
Desmanthus illinoensis (Michaux) MacM.......Page 212
Literature Cited......Page 220
15 Phytotoxicity of Root Exudates and Leaf Extracts of Nine Plant Species......Page 221
Technique for Collection of Root Exudates and Leaf Leachates......Page 222
Biological Activity of Root Exudates and Leaf Extracts of Nine Weed and Crop Species......Page 224
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 226
Literature Cited......Page 236
Materials and Methods......Page 237
Results and Discussion......Page 239
Literature Cited......Page 243
17 Rye (Secale cereale L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Mulch: The Suppression of Certain Broadleaved Weeds and the Isolation and Identification of Phytotoxins......Page 244
Rye Mulch Studies......Page 247
Wheat Mulch Studies......Page 248
Rye Mulch Studies.......Page 249
Wheat Mulch Studies......Page 252
Rye Mulch Studies......Page 253
Field Studies.......Page 256
Isolation and Identification of Phytotoxins......Page 262
Literature Cited......Page 271
Toxicity of Tall Fescue Leachates to Rape (Brassica nigra L.) and Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)......Page 273
Influence of Ethanol Extracts of Soil and Fescue Plants......Page 275
Growth of Rape Seedlings When Competition for Mineral Nutrients is Eliminated......Page 276
Genetic Influences on Allelopathy......Page 278
Identification of Inhibitory Substances......Page 280
Literature Cited......Page 283
19 Germination Regulation by Amaranthus palmeri and Ambrosia artemisüfolia......Page 284
Materials and Methods......Page 285
Results and Discussion......Page 287
Literature Cited......Page 297
20 The Influence of Secondary Plant Compounds on the Associations of Soil Microorganisms and Plant Roots......Page 299
Rhizosphere initiation......Page 300
Rhizospheric organisms......Page 301
Nature of Exudate and Factors Influencing Exudation......Page 302
Modification of Exudates by the Rhizosphere......Page 303
Allelochemicals Implicated in Affects on Rhizosphere and/or Root-microbial Association......Page 304
Nitrification in the Rhizosphere......Page 311
Allelochemical Concentration in Soil......Page 312
Summary and Conclusions......Page 314
Acknowledgments......Page 316
Literature Cited......Page 317
21 Antimicrobial Agents from Plants: A Model for Studies of Allelopathic Agents?......Page 324
Literature Cited......Page 333
22 A Survey of Soil Microorganisms for Herbicidal Activity......Page 334
Materials and Methods......Page 335
Results......Page 339
Discussion......Page 343
Literature Cited......Page 345
23 Use of Bioassays for Allelochemicals in Aquatic Plants......Page 347
Methods and Materials......Page 348
Results......Page 350
Discussion......Page 360
Literature Cited......Page 366
24 Allelopathic Substances from a Marine Alga (Nannochloris sp.)......Page 367
Materials and Methods......Page 368
Results and Discussion......Page 371
Literature Cited......Page 375
25 Naturally Occurring Substances That Inhibit the Growth of Hydrilla verticillata......Page 377
Materials and Methods......Page 378
Results and Discussion......Page 380
Literature Cited......Page 382
26 Oxygenated Fatty Acids: A Class of Allelochemicals from Aquatic Plants......Page 383
Separation and Structural Studies......Page 384
Occurance of OFAs in Other Aquatic Plants and Natural Waters......Page 391
Discussion......Page 394
Literature Cited......Page 395
27 Spikerush (Eleocharis spp.): A Source of Allelopathics for the Control of Undesirable Aquatic Plants......Page 397
Materials and Methods......Page 400
Results and Discussion......Page 402
Conclusion......Page 408
Acknowledgments......Page 409
Literature Cited......Page 410
28 Improvements in the Synthesis of Strigol and Its Analogs......Page 411
Results and Discussion......Page 412
Literature Cited......Page 420
29 An Improved Partial Synthesis of (±)-Strigol......Page 422
Results and Discussion......Page 423
Literature Cited......Page 429
30 Strigol: Total Synthesis and Preparation of Analogs......Page 431
Synthetic Studies of Strigol......Page 432
Preparation of Analogs of Strigol......Page 436
Literature Cited......Page 438
31 Strigol Syntheses and Related Structure-Bioactivity Studies......Page 439
Isolation, Identification, and Early Synthetic Schemes for Strigol......Page 440
Effects of Various Chemicals on Germination of Selected Seed......Page 441
Improvements in the Synthesis of Strigol and Its Analogs......Page 443
Correlations of Molecular Structure with Bioactivity in Seed Germination......Page 444
Literature Cited......Page 449
