The Chemistry inside Spices & Herbs: Research and Development brings comprehensive information about the chemistry of spices and herbs with a focus on recent research in this field. The book is an extensive 2-part collection of 20 chapters contributed by experts in phytochemistry with the aim to give the reader deep knowledge about phytochemical constituents in herbal plants and their benefits. The contents include reviews on the biochemistry and biotechnology of spices and herbs, herbal medicines, biologically active compounds and their role in therapeutics among other topics. Chapters which highlight natural drugs and their role in different diseases and special plants of clinical significance are also included.
Part I focuses on the general aspects of spice biotechnology, structure activity relationships and the natural products that can be used to treat different diseases - such as neurological diseases, inflammation, pain and infections. This part also covers information about phenolic compounds, flavonoids and turmeric supplements.
This book is an ideal resource for scholars (in life sciences, phytomedicine and natural product chemistry) and general readers who want to understand the importance of herbs, spices and traditional medicine in pharmaceutical and clinical research.
Author(s): Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia, Shashi Lata Bharati
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 316
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Spices Biotechnology: Opportunities and Challenges
Rasmieh Hamid1, Feba Jacob2,*, Mehrnaz Entesari3, Shri Hari Prasad2 and Shivaji Ajinath Lavale2
INTRODUCTION
COMPARATIVE GENOMICS AND GENE TAGGING
Cloning and Genes Isolation
Genetic Transformation
NON- BIOLOGICAL GENE TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM
Biolistic Micro-Projectile Bombardment Gene Transformation
Biological System Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transformation
IN PLANTA GENE TRANSFORMATION
Introducing a More Convenient Protocol
Natural Component Gene
Plant Tissue Culture
Mass Propagation
Somatic Embryogenesis
In-vitro Culture by Bioreactors
In vitro Conservation and Cryopreservation
Secondary Metabolites Production
Protoplast Culture
Molecular Markers
DNA BARCODING TECHNOLOGY
CRISPR–Cas9 System for Engineering Resistance to Viruses Infecting Spices
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Spices, the Guards Against the Evil Microbes: Antimicrobial Properties of Spices
Feba Jacob1, Rasmieh Hamid2,*, Lavale Shivaji Ajinath1, Shri Hari Prasad1 and Mehrnaz Entesari3
INTRODUCTION
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SPICES
Anti-bacterial Activity of Spices
Antifungal Activity of Spices
Antiviral Activity of Spices
ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTION FROM SPICES
USE OF SPICES IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
SPICES AS FOOD PRESERVATIVES
Pros & Cons of Using Spices as Preservatives
SPICES IN PACKAGING MATERIAL
Prevention of Toxin Production
Edible Films
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Spices and Herbs in the Treatment of Neurobiological Disorders
Rashmi V. Trivedi1,*, Nitu L. Wankhede1, Mayur B. Kale and Milind J. Umekar1
INTRODUCTION
BIOACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS IN HERBS AND SPICES:
Polyphenols
Terpenoids
Alkaloids
REGULATORY MECHANISM UNDERLYING TREATMENT
Possible Mechanism of Herbs and Spices in Neurological Disorders
Antioxidant
Anti-inflammatory
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Modulation of Amino Acid Neurotransmitter System (GABA)
SPICES AND HERBS USED IN MAJOR NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
Epilepsy
Depression
Schizophrenia
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Spices and Herbs in Bacterial and Fungal Resistance
Rashmi V. Trivedi1,*, Mayur B. Kale1, Nitu L. Wankhede1 and Milind J. Umekar1
INTRODUCTION
ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE
Pump Out The Antibiotic
Destroy the Antibiotic Warhead
Reprogramme the Target Sructure
Mechanism of Action of Spices as an Antibacterial Agent
ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE
Resistance to Azoles
Decrease drug concentration
Target site alteration
Up-regulation of the target enzyme
Resistance to Polyene
Resistance to Echinocandin
Resistance to Flucytosine
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SPICES AS AN ANTIFUNGAL AGENT
DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SOME SPICES AND HERBS HAVING ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL:
Cinnamon
Clove
Oregano
Fennel
Turmeric
Garlic
Ginger
Black Pepper
Coriander
Thyme
Cumin
Nutmeg
Rosemary
Mustard
Basil
Asafoetida
Galangal
Cardamom
Dill
Anise
USE OF HERBS AND SPICES AGAINST CORONAVIRUS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Naturally Isolated Compounds from Spices and Herbs and their Medicinal Uses
Archana M. Ramteke1,*
INTRODUCTION
Differences between Spices and Herbs
Uses and Benefits of Spices
Chemical Compounds in Herbs and Spices
Anise
Basil
Caraway
Cardamom
Cayenne
Chili Pepper
Chives
Cloves
Cinnamon
Coriander Leaves
Coriander Seeds
Cumin
Dill
Fennel
Ginger
Lemongrass
Mace
Marjoram
Mint
Nutmeg
Paprika
Parsley
Pepper
Peppermint
Saffron
Sage
Tarragon
Turmeric
Vanilla
Oregano, Rosemary and Thyme
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Naturally-derived Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Shaimaa Fayez1,#, Mariam I. Gamal El-Din1,#, Omayma A. Eldahshan1,2 and Abdel Nasser B. Singab1,2
INTRODUCTION
Medicinal Plant Extracts with Reported Analgesic and/or Anti-Inflammatory Activities (Table 1)
Acanthus Ilicifolis Linn
Ajuga Laxmannii (Murray) Benth
Anadenanthera Colubrina Var. Cebil (Griseb.)
Asphodelus Microcarpus Salzm. & Viv
Athyrium Multidentatum (Doll.) Ching
Backhousia Citriodora (Lemon Myrtle)
Bistorta Officinalis (Bistort)
Boswellia species oleogum resin (Frankincense, olibanum)
Buddleja Officinalis Maxim
Caesalpinia Minax Hance
Caesalpinia Sappan L
Calotropis Procera
13. Centipeda Minima (L.) A.Br
Cissus Gongylodes (Grapevine)
Citrus Bergamia
Cyclamen Africanum B. et R
Elephantopus Scaber Linn. Herb
Elsholtzia Ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl
Epigynum Auritum
Eugenia Stipitate McVaugh
Eupatorium Japonicum Thunb
Forsythia Suspensa (Thunb.)
Galinsoga Parviflora Cav
Garcinia Cambogia Gaertn. and Pothos Scandens L.
Halosarcia Indica Willd
Hyusopus Cuspidatus Boriss
Indigofera Argentea Burm. F
Kadsura Heteroclita
Kleinia Pendula (Forssk.) Herb
Larrea Species and Zuccagnia Punctate Cav
Ligusticum Chuanxiong and Radix Paeoniae Lactiflora
Manilkara Zapota (Sapodilla / Chikoo)
Mitrella Kentia Leaf and Stem Extract
Mycetia Cauliflora Reinw.
Niebuhria Apetala Dunn.
Ocimum Forskolei Benth.
Opuntia Humifusa Raf.
Paeoniae Alba and Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Panax Ginseng
Phyllanthus Amarus Schum. & Thonn.
Physalis Angulata L.
Phytolacca Dodecandra
Picria Fel-Terrae Lour
Pituranthos Scoparius Coss. and Dur
Pterocephalus Hookeri (C.B. Clarke) Höeck
Qing Re Zao Shi Liang Xue Decoction (QRZSLXF)
Reineckia Carnea (Andr.) Kunth
Rhodiola Crenulate (Golden Root)
Sambucus Australis Cham. & Schltdl
Sarcopoterium Spinosum
Scrophularia Megalantha Rech. f
Scutellaria Barbata D. Don
Sigesbeckiae Species
Sinapis Semen
Sophora Flavescens Ait
Spatholobus Suberectus
Swertia punicea Hemsl
Tephrosia linearis (Willd.) Pers
Thymus zygis subsp. zygis
Isolated Natural Products with Reported Analgesic and/or Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Flavonoids and phenolic acids
Iridoids
Alkaloids
Saponins
Terpenoids
Polysaccharides
MISCELLANEOUS COMPOUNDS BELONGING TO OTHER PHYTOCHEMICAL CLASSES
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
Phenolic Compounds and their Biological and Pharmaceutical Activities
Ajay Kumar1,2, Feroz Khan1,* and Dharmendra Saikia1,*
INTRODUCTION
Food Sources of Polyphenols
Biological and Pharmaceutical Activities of Polyphenols
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Structure-Activity Relationship of Flavonoids: Recent Updates
Shruti Khare1, Rikeshwer Prasad Dewangan2 and Ajay Kumar3,*
INTRODUCTION
PHENOLIC ACIDS
FLAVONOIDS
Structure Activity Relationship
FURANOCOUMARINS
LIGNANS
STILBENES
TANNINS
Classification of Tannins on the basis of structure:
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Biologically Active Compounds and Structure-Activity Relationship
Sunil H. Ganatra1,*
INTRODUCTION
THE ORIGIN OF QSAR& QSPR
COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY METHODS FOR DRUG DISCOVERY
A. Molecular mechanics
B. Ab initio
C. Semiempirical methods
STRUCTURE-BASED DRUG DESIGN
A. In-silico drug discover
B. Stages Involved in Structure-based Drug Design
DRUG DISCOVERY USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
The architecture of Neural Network
ANN experimental technique to map novel drug
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Turmeric Supplementation and Its Valued Clinical Connections
Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia1,*, Shashi Lata Bharati2,*, Sunil Kumar3 and Ashutosh Mani4
INTRODUCTION
Recent Research Updates
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Subject Index
Back Cover
