The Canadian Type 2 Diabetes Sourcebook

The Canadian Type 2 Diabetes Sourcebook......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 6
Foreword by Michael Evans, MD......Page 17
Introduction......Page 21
PART I: WHEN YOUR DOCTOR SAYS “YOU HAVE DIABETES”......Page 25
Names, Name Changes, and Definitions......Page 27
Confusing Type 2 with Type 1......Page 28
The Many Names for Type 2 Diabetes......Page 29
Insulin Resistance......Page 30
When You Have Type 2 Diabetes but Require Insulin......Page 31
Pre-diabetes: Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)......Page 32
Metabolic Syndrome......Page 33
Pancreatitis......Page 34
Secondary Diabetes (“Side-Effect” Diabetes)......Page 35
CHAPTER 2: Who Gets Type 2 Diabetes?......Page 37
High Cholesterol......Page 39
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)......Page 42
Sedentary Lifestyle......Page 47
Smoking......Page 48
Age......Page 49
Genes......Page 50
Other Medical Conditions......Page 52
Signs and Symptoms......Page 54
The Main Cause: The Epidemic of Childhood Obesity......Page 55
How We Got Here......Page 56
The Soft Drink Link......Page 57
Other Causes of Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes......Page 58
Prevention and Screening......Page 59
Treating Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes......Page 61
Cases in Which Medication Is Necessary......Page 62
CHAPTER 4: Your Diabetes Health Care Team......Page 65
The Right Primary Care Doctor......Page 67
Patients’ Rights Specific to Diabetes......Page 70
Your Doctor’s Rights......Page 71
Your Diabetes Specialist......Page 72
Questions to Ask Your Specialist......Page 73
Other Specialists......Page 74
When You Want a Second Opinion......Page 75
The A1C Test......Page 76
Other Important Tests......Page 78
Testing Your Own Blood Sugar......Page 81
How Frequently Should You Test?......Page 82
A Brief History of Blood Sugar Tests......Page 85
Choosing and Using Your Glucose Meter......Page 86
Factors That Can Taint Your Test Results......Page 87
Glycosylated Hemoglobin......Page 88
Watching Highs and Lows......Page 89
Adjusting Your Routine When You’re Sick......Page 91
What Your Health Diary Should Record......Page 92
When Your Doctor Tells You to Take a Pill......Page 95
Anti-hyperglycemic Agents......Page 96
Insulin Sensitizers......Page 97
Insulin Secretagogues......Page 100
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitor (Acarbose)......Page 101
Incretin-Based Injectable Therapies......Page 103
Questions to Ask about Any Diabetes Medication......Page 105
When Your Doctor Prescribes Insulin......Page 106
The Right Insulin......Page 108
Insulin Brands......Page 109
Learning to Use Insulin......Page 111
Side Effects......Page 112
Your Insulin Gear......Page 113
Air Travel with Insulin......Page 114
The Carbohydrates-Diabetes Connection......Page 119
Low Fat versus Low Carb......Page 120
Carbohydrates 2.0......Page 122
The Glycemic Index and Low GI Eating......Page 123
Low GI Packaged Foods......Page 124
Eyeballing Glucose......Page 125
Sweeteners......Page 127
How Ingredients Affect the GI Value of a Meal......Page 128
The Importance of Fibre......Page 132
At the Liquor Store......Page 133
Fine Wine......Page 134
The Glycogen Factor......Page 135
Low Glycemic Index Foods (55 or Less)......Page 136
High Glycemic Index Foods (70 or More)......Page 138
Understanding Fats......Page 141
Saturated Fats......Page 142
Unsaturated Fats......Page 143
Artificial Fats......Page 144
Olestra......Page 146
A Brief History of the Mediterranean Diet......Page 149
Foods on the Mediterranean Diet......Page 151
Dietary Supplements......Page 152
Putting It All Together......Page 153
CHAPTER 9: The Role of Active Living......Page 155
The Meaning of Aerobic......Page 156
Get a Pedometer......Page 161
What about Muscles?......Page 162
Getting a Trainer......Page 164
Let’s Get Physical......Page 165
Things to Do before “Moving” Day......Page 166
When Not to Exercise......Page 167
PART II: PEOPLE IN SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES......Page 169
A Population at Risk......Page 171
The Diseases......Page 173
The Impact of Poverty and Isolation......Page 176
Healing Aboriginal Communities......Page 177
Traditional Healers......Page 179
Aboriginal/Community Diabetes Programs......Page 180
Why We Are Getting Fatter?......Page 183
Morbid Obesity......Page 185
Overnourishment......Page 186
The Diet of Leisure......Page 187
Eating More......Page 188
Life in the Fast Lane......Page 192
Biological Causes of Obesity......Page 194
Crash Dieting: Altering Your Fat Metabolism......Page 196
Treatment for Obesity......Page 198
Bariatric Surgery: Curing Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes......Page 199
Drug Treatment for Obesity......Page 200
Weight-Loss Programs for Type 2 Diabetes......Page 202
Rapid Weight-Loss Diets......Page 204
CHAPTER 12: Type 2 Diabetes, Fertility, and Pregnancy......Page 207
Getting Pregnant......Page 208
Obesity......Page 209
Having Sex......Page 210
Infertility and Diabetes......Page 211
Being Pregnant......Page 214
Staying in Control......Page 215
Your Diabetes Prenatal Team......Page 217
What Is GDM?......Page 218
Diagnosing GDM......Page 219
Treating GDM......Page 220
Special Delivery......Page 221
After the Baby Is Born......Page 222
Why Was I Told Not to Breastfeed?......Page 223
Postpartum Blues and Diabetes......Page 224
Natural Menopause......Page 227
Managing Diabetes in Menopause......Page 228
HT and Type 2 Diabetes......Page 230
Osteoporosis......Page 232
Increasing Calcium......Page 234
Preventing Osteoporosis......Page 235
Osteoporosis Prevention Therapies......Page 236
Preventing Compliance Problems......Page 239
Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 240
Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 241
Management Goals......Page 242
Medications......Page 243
PART III: PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS......Page 245
The Lowdown on Low Blood Sugar......Page 247
Who Is at Risk?......Page 248
Recognizing the Symptoms......Page 250
“Juice Is Better”......Page 252
After a Low......Page 253
Glucagon......Page 254
The Third Person......Page 255
A Snack Pack......Page 256
Tell People You Have Diabetes......Page 257
CHAPTER 15: Diabetes, Heart, and Stroke......Page 259
What to Expect When You Have a Heart Attack......Page 260
Additional Symptoms......Page 261
Recovering from a Heart Attack......Page 263
How Can I Prevent Cardiovascular Disease?......Page 264
Understanding Stroke......Page 269
Signs of a Stroke......Page 270
Common Disabilities Caused by Stroke......Page 271
Recovering from Stroke......Page 273
Preventing Another Stroke......Page 275
CHAPTER 16: When Diabetes Gets on Your Nerves......Page 277
Nerve Damage Head to Toe......Page 278
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract)......Page 279
Skin......Page 283
Gallbladder......Page 284
Genitals......Page 286
CHAPTER 17: Diabetes Eye Disease......Page 293
Preventing Diabetes Eye Disease......Page 294
Signs of Eye Disease......Page 295
Can You Treat Diabetes Eye Disease?......Page 297
All about Visual Aids......Page 298
Making Things Larger......Page 299
Making Things Brighter......Page 301
Making Things Stand Out......Page 302
Making Things Touchy-Feely......Page 304
Registered Blind......Page 306
Rehabilitation Services......Page 307
Distinguishing Your Medications......Page 308
Coping with Blind Ignorance......Page 309
Gum Disease and Heart Disease......Page 311
Diabetes-Related Gum Disease......Page 312
The Smoking Gum......Page 313
Bottled Water and Lack of Fluoride......Page 314
Doing the Right Thing the Right Way......Page 315
A Gum-Smart Diet......Page 316
Signs of Gum Disease......Page 317
What to Do If You Have Gum Disease: See a Gum Specialist......Page 318
CHAPTER 19: Keeping Your Kidneys......Page 321
What Affects Your Kidneys?......Page 322
Signs of Diabetic Kidney Disease......Page 324
Treating Kidney Disease......Page 325
The Kidney-Smart Diet......Page 326
From Kidney Disease to Kidney Failure......Page 328
When You Need Dialysis......Page 329
Transplant Waiting Lists......Page 334
Preparing for a Transplant......Page 335
What Can Happen to Your Feet......Page 337
Signs of Foot Problems......Page 338
The Foot Self-Exam (FSE)......Page 341
Healing Open Wounds......Page 343
Questions for Your Surgeon......Page 345
Getting an Artificial Limb......Page 346
Appendix 1: A Brief History of Diabetes......Page 351
Appendix 2: Where to Go Online: Your Google Starter Kit......Page 357
Bibliography......Page 359
Index......Page 373