Cover
Title
Copy right
Content
Types of Bronze Vessels
Conventions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Topography of China
Introduction
The Development of Historical Approaches and
the Impact of Archaeology in the Study of Ancient China
The Sources
Literary Sources
Material Sources
China's Idealized Past
The Scope of the Present Volume
Calendar and Chronology
The Environment of Ancient China
Geography
Climate and Environment
1. China on the Eve of the Historical Period
The Palaeographic Stage of East Asia and Its Settlement
by Humans
Beginnings of the Agricultural Way of Life
Regional Cultures of the Early Farmers
Formation of a Chinese Interaction Sphere and the
Development of Regional Cultures
The "Ten Thousand States" on the Eve of the Historical Period
Mythology, China's Origins, and the Xia Dynasty
The Question of the Xia Dynasty
2. Language and Writing
The Chinese Language
The Chinese Script
3. Shang Archaeology
The Archaeology of the Shang Dynasty
The Archaeology of Bronze Metallurgy
The Early Bronze Age
4. The Shang: China's First Historical Dynasty
Sources
Chronology
Time and the Calendar
Royal Shang Religion
The Dynastic State
Political and Military Developments
The Legacy of Shang
5. Western Zhou History
Sources
Legendary Evidence for Zhou Before the Conquest of Shang
Inscriptional and Archaeological Evidence for Zhou Before
the Conquest of Shang
The Zhou Conquest of Shang
The Philosophical Foundation of Zhou Rule
Consolidation of Zhou Rule
The Middle Western Zhou Reforms
The Decline of the Zhou Royal House
The Development of the Late Western Zhou Worldview
The Decline and Fall of Western Zhou
The Legacy of Western Zhou
6. Western Zhou Archaeology
The Material Record
Pre-Conquest Shaanxi Province and the Zhou Conquest
Early Western Zhou
Middle Western Zhou
Late Western Zhou
Conclusion
7. The Waning of the Bronze Age: Material Culture and Social Developments, 770-481 B.C.
Settlement Sites and Activity Areas
Bronzes: General Stylistic and Technological Trends
Cemeteries and Tombs in Northern and Central Henan
Finds from Jin Cemeteries
Finds From Qin Cemeteries
The Cemeteries at Qufu
Tombs of the High Elite in the Eastern Part of the Zhou Realm
The Middle Han River Basin
Early Chu Finds
The Southeastern Regional Cultures
Other Southern Regional Cultures
The Northern and Northeastern Regions
Conclusion
8. The Spring and Autumn Period
The Fall of the Western Zhou
The Beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period
The Formation of the Ba System
A Multistate System
Social Developments
Changes in State Structure
Economic Developments
Intellectual Developments
Conclusion
9. Warring States: Political History
Sources
The States
The Ruler-Centered Stare
Institutions of the Warring Stares
The Formation of a Multisrate World
The Military Arts
Alliances and Persuaders
Scholars and the State
Human Geography
10. The Art and Architecture of the Warring States Period
Art and Architecture of the Living
Art and Architecture for the Dead
11. The Classical Philosophical Writings
Sources
The Political Context
Basic Concepts
Confucius
Mozi
Fourth Century: Yang Zhu, Zi Huazi
Mencius
The Sophists
Zhuangzi
Xunzi
Han Feizi, Laozi, Legalism, and Daoism
The Lu Shi chunqiu and Correlative Thinking
12. Warring Stares Natural Philosophy and Occult Thought
Definitions and Sources
Warring States Natural Experts and Occultists and Their Texts
Astrology and the Calendar
Turtle and Milfoil Divination
Yin-Yang and Five Phases
Religion and Magic
Medicine
Conclusion
13. The Northern Frontier in Pre-Imperial China
Periodization of the Northern Zone Cultures
The Northern Frontier in the Second Millennium B.C.
Western Zhou to Early Spring and Autumn (ca. 1000-650 B.C.)
Mid-Spring and Autumn Period to the Mid-Warring States (ca.650-350 B.C.)
Late Warring States ro Qm (ca. 350-209 B.C.)
14. The Heritage Left to the Empires
The Creation of Empire and Its Hazards
The Lessons of the Past
Religious Rites
The Teachings of the Masters
The Tradition of Kingship
A Sense of Unity
Institutional Norms and Administrative Practice
Cities, Palaces, and Royal Shrines and Tombs
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
MAPS
1 Topography of China
1.1 Major regional cultures in China around 5000 B.C.recognized by archaeology
2.1 Sites associated with Sino-Tibetan language family
3.1 Archaeological sites of the Early Bronze Age
4.1 Shang sites in the Xiaotun core area
5.1 Sites related to Zhou prio to the conquest of Shang
5.2 Zhou military campqigns under Kings Wen and Wu
5.3 Major Zhou colonies
6.1 Archaeological sites of the Western Zhou period
6.2 Archaeological sites in the Zhouyuan
7.1 Archaeological sites of the Spring and Autumn period
8.1 Major states of the Spring and Autumn period
9.1 Major states of the Warring States period
9.2 The expansion of Qin ca.350-249 B.C.
13.1 Northem Zone:Archaeological sites of the second millennium B.C.
13.2 Northern Zone:Archaeological sites of the Western and early Eastern Zhou periods (1000-650 B.C.)
13.3 Northern Zone: Archaeological sites of the “early
nomadic period” (ca. 650-350 B.C.)
13.4 Northern Zone: Archaeological sites in Xinjiang
13.5 Northern Zone: Archaeological sites of the fourth phase (350-209 B.C.)
TABLES
1 Reign dates
2.1 Comparison of words in the Sino-Tibetan language family
2.2 Old Chinese Sbi jing finals
2.3 Old Chinese ganzhi initials
2.4 Chinese characters commonly viewed as pictographic
2.5 Paronomastic (rebus) usages of Chinese zodiographs
2.6 Examples of semantic determinative usages
4.1 Diviner groups: Periodization and chronology
7.1 Bronze assemblages excavated at the Guo cemetery at Shangcunling,Sanmenxia, Henan
7.2 Bronze assemblages excavated from Spring and Autumn period Qin aristocratic tombs
7.3 Bronze assemblages excavated at the Xue cemetery at Xuecheng, Tengzhou, Shandong
7.4 Bronze assemblages excavated at the Yuan lineage cemetery at Xiasi, Xichuan, Henan
FIGURES
1 Principal types of Shang and Zhou bronze vessels
1.1 The site of Zhoukoudian,Beijing
1.2 Ripened ears of foxtail millet, common millet, and rice
1.3 Artifacts of Peiligang and Cishan cultures of early millet farmers in North china
1.4 Painted pottery vessels of the Yangshao culture
1.5 The Puyang shaman and two animals
1.6 Engraved designs on Hemudu pottery vessels
1.7 A“Large grave” in the Taosi cemetery, Xiangfen, Shanxi, a Longshan culture site
1.8 A Liangzhu culture burial with many ritual jades
1.9 Liangzhu jades engraved with shaman＇s animals
1.10 Longshan culture period inscriptions on pottery
2.1 Examples of clan-name insignia graphs
3.1 Diagram showing the relationship between the ding of Fig. 3.2 and the mold used to cast it
3.2 Bronze ding, from Panlongcheng, Huangpi, Hubei
3.3 Bronze jia, from Panlongcheng, Huangpi Hubei
3.4 Bronze gui, from Panlongcheng, Huangpi, Hubei
3.5 Bronze drum, from Chongyang, Hubei
3.6 Bronze zun, from Funan, Anhui
3.7 Bronze jia, said to be from Anyang
3.8 Bronze bu, said to be from Anyang
3.9 Bronze fangyi, provenance unknown
3.10 (a) Bronze be, from Panlongcheng；(b) bronze be, one of a set of three from Xibeigang Miooi
3.11 Palace foundation no. I at Erlitou
3.12 Bronze weapons from Erlitou
3.13 Bronze vessels from Erlitou
3.14 Jades from Erlitou
3.15 Plan of Lijiazui M2, Panlongcheng
3.16 Bronze fangding, from Xin＇gan, Jiangxi
3.17 Bronze jue, from Feixi, Anhui
3.18 Bronze pou, from Chenggu, Shaanxi
3.19 Human faces in bronze
3.20 Plans of Xibeigang cemetery
3.21 Xibeigang MIOOI, plan and north-south section
3.22 Xibeigang MIOOI, shaft floor, showing nine sacrificial
burials
3.23 Xibeigang MIOOI, shaft floor during excavation, 1935
3.24 Fu Hao's comb
3.25 Bronzes of northern style from Fu Hao's tomb
3.26 Three-dimensional jade animals from Fu Hao's tomb
3.27 Jade dragons
3.28 Chariot burial, Guojiazhuang M52, Anyang
3.29 Bronze bells of the type nao
3.30 (a) Bronze boar, from Xiangtan, Hunan; (b) bronze
elephant, said to be from Changsha
3.31 Sanxingdui Pit 2 under excavation
3.32 Bronze statue, from Sanxingdui Pit 2
3.33 Bronzes from Sanxingdui Pit 2
3.34 (a) Lei, from Yueyang, Hunan; (b) lei, from Sanxingdui
Pit 2
3.35 Jade blades, from Sanxingdui Pits i and 2
3.36 Axes, from Lijiazui M2, Panlongcheng, Huangpi, Hubei;
Xin'gan, Jiangxi; and Linzheyu, Baode, Shanxi
3.37 Knives and daggers from Fu Hao's tomb; Yantoucun,Suide, Shaanxi; Linzheyu, Baode, Shanxi
3.38 Grave excavated in Jixian, Shanxi
3.39 Objects from various finds at Shilou, Shanxi
4.1 The royal genealogy recorded in late Shang sacrifice
inscriptions
4.2 Wu Ding harvest divination oracle-bone inscription
4.3 Wu Ding harvest divination; inscription on back
4.4 A full divination record oracle-bone inscription
4.5 Childbirth oracle-bone inscriptions
4.6 Late oracle-bone inscriptions
4.7 Plan of the late Shang temple-palace foundations at
Xiaotun, Anyang
4.8 Beheaded victims in the south ramp of MIOOI at
Xibeigang, Anyang
4.9 Model showing the victims in the great tomb at
Wuguancun, Anyang
5.1 Da Yu ding inscription and vessel
5.2 Hu gui inscription and vessel
6.1 Vessels from Zhuangbai hoard
6.2 Tian Wang gui vessel and inscription
6.3 Comparison of sets of vessels
6.4 Plan of tomb My at Zhuyuangou, Baoji, Shaanxi
6.5 Principal vessels from tomb My at Zhuyuangou, Baoji,
Shaanxi
6.6 Vessels from the Zhuangbai hoard
6.7 Comparison of li with divided lobes (fendang If) with one
with joined lobes (liandang li)
6.8 Li gui vessel and inscription
6.9 Plan and reconstruction of building complex at Fengchu,
Qishan, Shaanxi
6.10 Plan of building and post holes at Shaochen, Fufeng,Shaanxi
6.11 Chariot burials at Fengxi, Chang'an, Shaanxi
6.12 Five gui and four ding, from a partially destroyed tomb at
Zhifangtou, Baoji, Shaanxi
6.13 Lei, from Zhuwajie, Pengxian, Sichuan
6.14 Tubular you, from (a) tomb Ml3 at Zhuyuangou, BaojiShaanxi, and (b) tomb M2 at Baicaopo, Lingtai, Gansu
6.15 Inscribed Ying state vessels
6.16 Bo Ju li, from tomb Mz^i at Liulihe, Fangshan, BeiJing
6.17 Comparison of weapons and strings of beads from sites in
the west and from Yan
6.18 Bo Dong bronzes from Zhuangbai, Fufeng, Shaanxi
6.19 Bronzes, from tomb Mi9 at Qjjia, Fufeng, Shaanxi
6.20 Selected vessels from the tomb of a Yu Bo and
accompanying burials at Rujiazhuang, Baoji, Shaanxi
6.21 Plan of the tomb of a Yu Bo and two accompanying
burials at Rujiazhuang, Baoji, Shaanxi
6.22 Jades on the head and body, in tomb M3: at Tianma-Qucun,
Houma, Shanxi, with detail of the jades on the face
6.23 Zun from Situ, Danyang, Jiangsu
6.24 (a) Nao from southern China; (b) set of three bells from
tomb Mi, Rujiazhuang, Baoji,Shannxi
6.25 Three Neolithic jades showing human-like faces in
combination with birds
6.26 Plan of tomb Mi, Qiangjia, Fufeng, Shaanxi (a), vessel
set from the tomb (b), and rubbings from some of the
jades (c)
6.27 Hu, from Tianma-Qucun, Houma, Shanxi
6.28 Characteristic bronzes from Tianma-Qucun, Houma,
Shanxi
6.29 Some bronzes from tomb M8 at Tianma-Qucun, Houma,
Shanxi
6.30 Jades from tomb M63 at Tianma-Qucun, Houma, Shanxi
7.1 Bronze stove from a cache at Rujiazhuang, Baoji,Shaanxi
7.2 House model from tomb 306 at Potang, Shaoxing,
Zhejiang
7.3 Plan of architectural complex i at Majiazhuang,
Fengxiang, Shaanxi
7.4 Bronze fitting from a Qin palace building, found in a
cache at Yaojiawan, Fengxiang, Shaanxi
7.5 Pattern block, from the Houma foundry
7.6 Zeng Zhongyoufu hu, from Sujialong, Jingshan, Hubei
7.7 HuangZi hu, from tomb 2 at Shangguan'gang,
Guangshan, Hena
7.8 Song Gong Luan fit from tomb i at Hougudui, Gushi,
Henan
7.9 Hu, excavated at Liyu, Hunyuan, Shanxi
7.10 Copper-inlaid Wei Zi Pengyufou, from tomb 2 at Xiasi,
XiAuan, Henan
7.11 Altar stand from tomb 2., at Xiasi, Xichuan, Henan
7.12 Rectangular ha, from Lijialou, Xinzheng, Henan
7.13 Chariot box, from tomb 89M7, Shangguo, Wenxi, Shanxi
7.14 Inscription from one of five Qin Gong yongzhong
excavated at Taigongmiao, Baoji, Shaanxi
7.15 Typological development of funerary bronzes from Eastern
Zhou period Qm Tombs
7.16 Tomb 5 at Bianjiazhuang, Longxian, Shaanxi
7.17 Houmu hu, from tomb 48 at Wangfutai, Quru,
Shandong
7.18 Xu with star-band pattern, from Huyao, Taihe, Anhui
7.19 Yanxinghe, from Yanshancun, Lu'an
7.20 Lacquered wooden gui, from tomb 4 at Zhaoxiang,
Dangyang, Hubei
7.21 Cai Hou sheng, from the tomb of Cai Hou Shen at
Ximennei, Shou Xian, Anhui
7.22 Typologically indeterminate vessel (zun or gui) from
Miaoqian, Qingyang, Anhui
7.23 Three-wheeled pan, from a cache at Yancheng, Wujin,
Jiangsu
7.24 Bronze stand for a "tomb-protecting animal"
(zhenmushov) from tomb 3 at Lianqi, Tunxi, Anhui
7.25 Wu Wang Gufajian, from Sanjiaoping, Yushe, Shanxi
7.26 Inscription of the Yue Wang Fuchai jian, from tomb I at
Wangshan, Jiangling, Hubei
7.27 You excavated at Yingkou, Yueyang, Hunan
9.1 The "cloud ladder" for scaling walls, as depicted in
ornamentation on a bronze vessel
9.2 Warring States armor
9.3 The iron helmet from Yan Xiadu
10.1 Plan of the Zhoii royal city at Luoyang
10.2 Plan of Linzi of Qi
10.3 Plan of Xinzheng ofZheng and Hann
10.4 PlanofwuyangofYan
10.5 Idealized plan of the "state capital" as described in the
Kaogongji
10.6 Remaining foundation ofLaomu Tai, at 'Wuyans, Yixian, Hebei
10.7 Bronze door ring, from Laomu Tai, Wuyang
10.8 Ritual activities centered on a ta.i platform
10.9 Reconstruction of the Jique palace, Xianyang
10.10 A set of zun and pan vessels, from tomb I at Leigudun,
Suixian, Hubei
10.11 Inlaid bronzes, from the south
10.12 Lacquer dou, from tomb i at Leigudun, Subdan, Hubei
10.13 Inlaid bronze dou, from Fenshuiling, Changzhi, Shanxi
10.14 Inlaid hu, from Zhongshan tomb I
10.15 Bronze figure, supporting bells, from tomb I at
Leigudun, Suixian, Hubei
10.16 Bronze dragon, from Xiadu
10.17 Tree-shaped lamp, from Zhongshan tomb I
10.18 Tiger stand, from Zhongshan tomb I
10.19 Inscribed bronze ding, from Zhongshan tomb I
10.20 Typical designs of Warring States mirrors
10.21 Inlaid mirrors, from Jincun, Henan
10.22 Gilt and inlaid garment hook, from tomb 5 at Guweicun,
Huixian, Henan
10.23 Patterns on textiles, from Mashan, Jiangling, Hubei
10.24 Jade ornament, from tomb i at Leigudun, Suixian, Hubei
10.25 Jade and gold pectoral from Jincun, Henan
10.26 Three types of pictorial bronzes
10.27 Duck-shaped lacquer box, from tomb i at Leigudun,
Suixian, Hubei
10.28 Pictorial scenes on a lacquer box, from tomb 2 at
Baoshan, Jingmen, Hubei
10.29 Horse chariot mural, in Xianyang palace no. 3
10.31 "Design of the Mausoleum District" (Zhaoyu tu), from
Zhongshan tomb I
10.32 A reconstruction of tomb I at Zhongshan
10.33 Plan of tomb I at Leigudun, Suixian, Hubei
10.34 Coffin ofZeng Hou Yi, in tomb I at Leigudun, Suixian,
Hubei
10.35 Painted pottery "spirit vessels," from tomb 16 at Wuyang,
Yixian, Hebei
10.36 Black pottery "spirit vessel," from Zhongshan tomb I
10.37 Plan af tomb i at Changtaiguan, Xinyang, Henan
10.38 Figurines from Chu
10.39 "Tomb guardian beast," from tomb I at Changtaiguan,
Xinyang, Henan
10.40 Painted coffin, from tomb I at Baoshan, Jingmen, Hubei
10.41 Chu silk paintings, from Changsha
12.1 Zeng Hou Yi lacquer clothes-case lid
12.2 Astrological circle
12.3 Cord-hook design
12.4 Xingde, text B; cord-hook diagrams for the sexagenary
cycle
12.5 Sb.-ren cosmic board
12.6 Nine-palace cosmic board
12.7 Chu Silk manuscript
12.8 Bibing tu
12.9 Taiyi (Grand One) dagger-axe
12.10 Daoyin tu.
13.1 Northern Zone bronzes, second millennium B.C.
13.2 Bronze objects of the Upper Xiajiadian culture
(Nanshan'gen)
13.3 Bronze daggers and Animal Style plaque from
Maoqinggou
13.4 Weapons, tools, and Animal Style ornamental objects
from Yang Lang
13.5 Statuette of warrior and bronze cauldron, Saka culture,
Xinjiang
13.6 Gold ornaments, Xiongnu culture, Aluchaideng
13.7 Animal Style bronze ornaments, Xiongnu culture,
Aluchaideng
14.1 Oaths of alliance, written on stone, found at Wenxian,
Henan
14.2 Map, on wood, showing topographical features and
place-names, found at Fangmatan, Gansu
