The Atlas of Emergency Medicine

Cover
Copyright
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Part 1: Regional Anatomy
Chapter 1: Head and Facial Trauma
Basilar Skull Fracture
Depressed Skull Fracture
Nasal Injuries
Zygoma Fractures
Lefort Facial Fractures
Orbital Wall Fractures
Mandibular Fractures
External Ear Injuries
Frontal Sinus Fracture
Traumatic Exophthalmos
Penetrating Facial Trauma
Uncal Herniation Syndrome
Chapter 2: Opthalmic Conditions
Neonatal Conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia Neonatorum)
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Viral Conjunctivitis
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Dacryocystitis
Dacryoadenitis
Pterygium/Pinguecula
Hordeolum/Chalazion
Scleritis
Episcleritis
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Anterior Uveitis (Iritis)
Sympathetic Ophthalmia
Anisocoria
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Ocular Herpes Simplex
Corneal Ulcer
Afferent Pupillary Defect (Marcus Gunn Pupil)
Horner Syndrome
Third-Nerve Palsy
Sixth-Nerve Palsy
Chapter 3: Funduscopic Findings
Normal Fundus
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Exudate
Roth Spots
Emboli
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy
Vitreous Hemorrhage
Retinal Detachment
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Papilledema
Optic Neuritis
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Glaucoma
Subhyaloid Hemorrhage in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Chapter 4: Ophthalmic Trauma
Corneal Abrasion
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Corneal Foreign Body
Hyphema
Intraocular Foreign Body
Iridodialysis
Lens Dislocation
Penetrating Globe Injury
Globe Rupture
Traumatic Cataract
Eyelid Laceration
Chemical Exposure
Chapter 5: Ear, Nose and Throat Conditions
Otitis Media
Bullous Myringitis
Cholesteatoma
Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Otitis Externa
Preauricular Sinus Abscess
Mastoiditis
Auricular Perichondritis
Herpes Zoster Oticus (Ramsay Hunt Syndrome)
Facial Nerve Palsy
Angioedema
Pharyngitis
Nasal Septal Conditions
Nasal Cellulitis
Diphtheria
Peritonsillar Abscess
Epiglottitis
Uvulitis
Mucocele (Ranula)
Sialoadenitis
Sinusitis
Chapter 6: Oral Conditions
Tooth Subluxation
Tooth Impaction (Intrusive Luxation)
Tooth Avulsion
Tooth Fractures
Alveolar Ridge Fracture
Temporal Mandibular Joint Dislocation
Tongue Laceration
Vermilion Border Lip Laceration
Odontogenic Infections
Gingival Abscess (Periodontal Abscess)
Periapical Abscess
Pericoronal Abscess
Buccal Space Abscess
Canine Space Abscess
Ludwig Angina
Parapharyngeal Space Abscess
Oral Conditions
Trench Mouth (Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis)
Acid Tooth Erosion (Bulimia)
Thrush (Oral Candidiasis)
Oral Herpes Simplex Virus (Cold Sores)
Aphthous Ulcers (Canker Sores)
Strawberry Tongue
Torus Palatinus
Gingival Hyperplasia
Black Hairy Tongue
Oral Cavity Piercing Complications
Chapter 7: Chest and Abdomen
Chest and Abdominal Trauma
Traumatic Asphyxia
Flail Chest
Sternoclavicular Dislocation
Clavicle Fracture
Tension Pneumothorax with Needle Thoracentesis
Cardiac Tamponade with Pericardiocentesis
Emergency Department Thoracotomy
Seat Belt Injury
Grey Turner Sign and Cullen Sign
Impaled Foreign Body
Abdominal Evisceration
Traumatic Abdominal Hernia
Pelvic Fracture
Nontraumatic Chest and Abdominal Conditions
Respiratory Retractions
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Supraclavicular Adenopathy
Jugulovenous Distension
Caput Medusae
Abdominal Hernias
Umbilical Hernia
Patent Urachal Duct
Sister Mary Joseph Node (Nodular Umbilicus)
Abdominal Distension
Abdominal Wall Hematoma
Pectus Deformities
Stoma Prolapse
Prune Belly (Eagle-Barrett) Syndrome
Chapter 8: Urologic Conditions
Testicular Torsion
Torsion of a Testicular or Epididymal Appendix
Acute Epididymitis
Orchitis
Hydrocele
Testicular Tumor
Scrotal Abscess
Fournier Gangrene
Paraphimosis
Priapism
Urethral Rupture
Fracture of the Penis
Penile Tourniquet
Straddle Injury
Balanoposthitis
Penile Zipper Injury
Varicocele
Chapter 9: Sexually Transmitted Infections and Anorectal Conditions
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Chancroid
Condyloma Acuminata (Genital Warts)
Pediculosis
Anal Fissure
Anorectal Abscesses
Hemorrhoids
Prolapsed Rectum
Pilonidal Abscess
Rectal Foreign Body
Melena
Chapter 10: Gynecologic and Obstetric Conditions
Gynecologic Conditions
Vaginitis
Cervical Polyps
Bartholin Gland Abscess
Spontaneous Abortion
Genital Trauma and Sexual Assault
Lichen Sclerosus
Lichen Planus
Vulvar Cancer
Urethral Prolapse
Uterine Prolapse
Cystocele
Rectocele
Imperforate Hymen
Obstetric Conditions
Ectopic Pregnancy
Molar Pregnancy (Hydatidiform Mole)
Failed Intrauterine Pregnancy
Third-trimester Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Emergency Delivery: Imminent Vertex Delivery—Crowning
Emergency Delivery: Normal Delivery Sequence
Breech Delivery
Umbilical Cord Prolapse in Emergency Delivery
Nuchal Cord in Emergency Delivery
Shoulder Dystocia in Emergency Delivery
Postpartum Perineal Lacerations
Intrauterine Fetal Demise
Chapter 11: Extremity Trauma
Acromioclavicular Joint Separation
Shoulder Dislocation
Elbow Fractures
Elbow Dislocation
Biceps Tendon Rupture
Forearm Fractures
Fractures of the Distal Radius
Carpal and Carpometacarpal Dislocations
Scaphoid Fracture
Clenched Fist Injury (Fight Bite)
Boxer’s Fracture
Peripheral Nerve Injury
Bennett and Rolando Fractures
Boutonnière and Swan-Neck Deformities
High-Pressure Injection Injury
Gamekeeper’s Thumb (Skier’s Thumb)
Phalangeal Dislocations
Mallet Finger and Jersey Finger
Compartment Syndrome
Subungual Hematoma
Hip Dislocation
Hip Fracture
Knee Extensor Injuries
Patellar Dislocations
Knee Dislocation
Femur Fracture
Tibial-Fibular Fractures
Fracture Blisters
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Ankle Dislocation
Ankle Fracture
Ankle Sprain
Calcaneus Fracture
Fractures of the Fifth Metatarsal Base
Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocation
Amputations
Chapter 12: Extremity Conditions
Cellulitis
Felon
Gangrene
Gas Gangrene (Myonecrosis)
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Crystal-induced Synovitis (Hout and Pseudogout)
Ingrown Toenail (Onychocryptosis)
Lymphangitis
Lymphedema
Olecranon and Prepatellar Bursitis
Palmar Space Infection
Tenosynovitis
Thrombophlebitis
Paronychia
Subclavian Vein Thrombosis
Cervical Radiculopathy
Digital Clubbing
Phlegmasia Dolens
Deep Venous Thrombosis
Dupuytren Contracture
Achilles Tendonitis
Ganglion (Synovial) Cyst
Raynaud Disease
Arterial Embolus
Chapter 13: Cutaneous Conditions
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Erythema Multiforme
Drug Eruptions
Fixed Drug Eruption
Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Pyogenic Granuloma
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Psoriasis
Pityriasis Rosea
Atopic Dermatitis
Nummular/Xerotic Eczema
Dyshidrotic Eczema
Id Reaction (Disseminated Eczema)
Stasis Dermatitis
Livedo Reticularis
Vasculitis (Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis)
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Urticaria and Dermatographism
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Erythema Nodosum
Erysipelas
Infective Endocarditis
Erythema Chronicum Migrans
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Disseminated Gonococcus
Hot Tub Folliculitis/Pseudomonas Hot-Foot Syndrome
Ecthyma Gangrenosum
Nongenital Herpes Simplex Infections
Herpes Zoster
Dermatophyte Infections
Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor
Onychomycosis
Intertrigo
Scabies
Jaundice
Melasma
Abdominal Striae (Striae Atrophicae)
Vitiligo
Uremic Frost
Autoimmune Bullous Diseases
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Sweet Syndrome
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma
Lip Licker’s Dermatitis
Part 2: Specialty Areas
Chapter 14: Pediatric Conditions
Newborn Conditions
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
Salmon Patches (Nevus Simplex)
Neonatal Jaundice
Neonatal Milk Production (Witch’s Milk)
Neonatal Mastitis
Umbilical Granuloma
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Intestinal Malrotation with Volvulus
Rashes and Lesions
Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
Roseola Infantum (Exthanthem Subitum)
Impetigo
Measles
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Herpes Zoster
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Syndrome
Cold Panniculitis (Popsicle Panniculitis)
Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
Meningococcemia
Urticaria
Summer Penile Syndrome
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina)
Blistering Distal Dactylitis
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Serum Sickness–Like Reaction
Strawberry Hemangioma
Orbital and Preseptal (Periorbital) Cellulitis
Branchial Cleft Cyst
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Cystic Hygroma
Cat-Scratch Disease
General Conditions
Epiglottitis
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Button (Disc) Battery Ingestion
Membranous (Bacterial) Tracheitis
Nasal Foreign Body
Physeal Fractures: Salter-Harris Classification
Toddler’s Fracture
Dactylitis (Hand-Foot Syndrome)
Hair Tourniquet
Failure to Thrive
Nursing Bottle Caries
Nursemaid’s Elbow (Radial Head Subluxation)
Ileocolic Intussusception
Inguinal Hernia
Pinworm Infection (Enterobiasis)
Lice
Trichotillomania
Oculogyric Crisis
Setting-Sun Phenomenon (Sundowning)
Kawasaki Disease
Chapter 15: Child Abuse
Physical Abuse
Cutaneous Findings
Cranial Findings
Facial Findings
Skeletal Findings
Visceral Findings
Sexual Abuse
Child Sexual Abuse Exam and Genital Findings
Injuries and Findings Indicative of Genital or Anal Trauma
Mimics of Trauma: Straddle Injury
Mimics of Trauma: Toilet Seat Injuries
Mimics of Trauma: Urethral Prolapse
Mimics of Erythema/Bruising: Lichen Sclerosis
Mimics of Erythema/Bruising: Labial Adhesions
Mimics of Erythema/Bruising: Perianal Streptococcal Disease
Mimics of Erythema/Bruising: Venous Pooling
Chapter 16: Environmental Conditions
High-Altitude Retinal Hemorrhage
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
High-Altitude Cerebral Edema
Hypothermia
Frostbite
Pernio
Immersion Injury (Trench Foot)
Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure
Lightning Injuries
Large Terrestrial Animal Attacks
Coral Snake Envenomation
Pit Viper Envenomation
Tropical Snake Envenomations
Gila Monster Envenomation
Black Widow Spider Envenomation
Brown Recluse Spider Envenomation
Scorpion Envenomation
Ticks
Hymenoptera Envenomation
Caterpillar, Mite, and Centipede Envenomation
Middle Ear Squeeze
Mask Squeeze
Stingray Envenomation
Sea Urchin Envenomation
Coelenterate Envenomation
Marine Dermatitis
Scorpion Fish Sting
Cone Snail Envenomation
Sea Snake Envenomation
Cephalopod Envenomation
Erysipeloid
Toxicodendron and Other Plant Exposures
Sporotrichosis
Chapter 17: Toxicological Conditions
Amphetamine Toxicity
New Designer Drugs: “Bath Salts” and “Spice”
Cocaine Toxicity
Anticholinergic (Antimuscarinic) Toxidrome
Cholinergic Toxidrome
Opioid Toxicity
Acetaminophen Poisoning
Salicylate Poisoning
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion
Tricyclic Antidepressant Poisoning
Poisoning by β-blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker Agents
Inhalant Abuse
Methemoglobinemia
Cellular Asphyxiants
Vancomycin-Induced Red Man Syndrome
Botulism
Anticoagulants
Caustic Ingestion
Hydrofluoric Acid Burns
Arsenic Poisoning
Iron Poisoning
Lead Poisoning
Mercury Poisoning
Mushroom Ingestion
Cardiac Glycoside Plant Ingestion
Houseplants with Calcium Oxalate Crystals
Jimsonweed Ingestion
Peyote Ingestion
Toxalbumin Ingestion
Levamisole-Induced Vasculitis
Chapter 18: Wounds and Soft Tissue Injuries
Wound Cleaning and Irrigation
Wound Assessment
Wound Foreign Bodies
Traumatic Wounds
Ear Lacerations
Lip Lacerations
Tendon Lacerations
Animal Bite Wounds
Fishhook Injuries
Simple Wound Closures
Complex Wound Closures
Wound Care Complications
Burns
Electrical Injury
Decubitus Ulcers
Chapter 19: Clinical Forensic Medicine
Gunshot Wounds
Pattern Injuries of Domestic Violence, Assault, and Abuse
Sharp-Force-Pattern Injuries
Blunt-Force-Pattern Injuries
Strangulation Injuries
Thermal-Pattern Injuries
Chapter 20: HIV Conditions
Primary HIV Infection
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Candidiasis Associated with HIV
Kaposi Sarcoma
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection
Pneumocystis
Cryptococcal Infections
Histoplamosis
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Herpes Zoster
Eosinophilic Folliculitis
Herpes Simplex Virus
Scabies
Molluscum Contagiosum
Dermatophyte (Tinea) Infections
Thrombocytopenia
Drug Reactions
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Chapter 21: Tropical Medicine
Free-Living Ameba Infection
Anemia in the Tropics
Anthrax
Ascariasis
Chagas Disease
Cholera
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Cysticercosis
Dengue Fever
Dracunculiasis
Elephantiasis
Epidemic Meningitis
Goiter
Hydatid Cyst
Leech Bites
Leishmaniasis
Leprosy
Leptospirosis
Malaria
Mumps
Mycetoma
Myiasis
Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria Infections
Protein-Energy Malnutrition—Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
Rabies
Schistosomiasis
Tetanus
Trachoma
Traditional Medicine in the Tropics
Tropical Sporotrichosis
Tuberculosis
Tungiasis
Chapter 22: Airway
Airway Maxim One
Airway Maxim Two
Airway Maxim Three
Airway Maxim Four
Airway Maxim Five
Laryngoscopic Orotracheal Intubation
Bougie-Assisted Intubation
Video-Assisted Intubation—Glidescope
Video-Assisted Intubation—Storz C-MAC
Video-Assisted Intubation—McGrath MAC EDL
Laryngeal Mask Airway
Lighted Stylets and Wands
Digital (Tactile) Intubation
Intubating Laryngeal Airway (ILA)
King Laryngeal Tube
Blind Nasotracheal Intubation
Nasal Flexible Fiberoptic Intubation
Cricothyrotomy (Seldinger Technique)
Open Cricothyrotomy
Chapter 23: ECG Abnormalities
Part 1: ST T Abnormalities
Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction
Acute Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction
Acute Posterior Myocardial Infarction
Left Main Lesion
Sgarbossa Criteria for AMI in Setting of LBBB
Subendocardial Ischemia
Hyperacute T Waves
Wellens Waves
“Cerebral” T Waves
Early Repolarization
Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Pericarditis
Part 2: Conduction Disturbances
First-Degree AV Block
Type 1 Second-Degree AV Block (Mobitz I, Wenckebach)
Type 2 Second-Degree AV Block (Mobitz II)
Third-Degree (Complete) AV Block
QT Interval Prolongation
Right Bundle Branch Block
Left Bundle Branch Block
Left Anterior Fascicular Block
Left Posterior Fascicular Block
Trifascicular Block
Ashman Phenomenon
Part 3: Rhythm Disturbances
Junctional Rhythm
Ventricular Rhythm
Paced Rhythm
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
SVT with Aberrancy
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Flutter
Torsades De Pointes
Part 4: Structural Abnormalities
Dextrocardia
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Left Atrial Hypertrophy
Right Atrial Hypertrophy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Brugada Syndrome
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Part 5: Ecg Abnormalities of Noncardiac Origin
Hypothermia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Pulmonary Embolism
Pericardial Effusion
Digoxin Effect, Toxicity
Tricyclic Antidepressant Effect
Limb Lead Reversal
Low Voltage
Chapter 24: Emergency Ultrasound
Emergency Ultrasound: Introduction
Trauma Ultrasound
Pericardial (Subxiphoid View)
Right Upper Quadrant (Pouch of Morison)
Left Upper Quadrant (Perisplenic View)
Suprapubic
Thorax (Right and Left)
Cardiac Ultrasound
Subxiphoid Cardiac (Subcostal View)
Parasternal Long-Axis View (PSLA)
Parasternal Short-Axis View (PSSA)
Apical Four-Chamber View (AP4)
Subxiphoid Long-Axis (IVC)
Lung Ultrasound
Abdominal Aorta Ultrasound
Deep Venous Thrombosis Ultrasound
Ultrasound-Guided Resuscitation
Gallbladder Ultrasound
Renal and Bladder Ultrasound
Pregnancy Ultrasound
Procedural Guidance: Ultrasound-Guided Venous Access
Procedural Guidance: Thoracentesis/Paracentesis
Ocular Ultrasound
Soft Tissue Ultrasound
Chapter 25: Microscopic Findings
Urinalysis
Synovial Fluid Analysis for Crystals
Gram Stain
Dark-Field Examination
Vaginal Fluid Wet Mount
Potassium Hydroxide Mount
Stool Examination for Fecal Leukocytes
Skin Scraping for Dermatoses and Infestations
Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination: India Ink Preparation
Wright Stain—Thin Smear for Malaria
Ferning Pattern for Amniotic Fluid
Peripheral Blood Smear for Schistocytes and Blast Cells
Tape Test for Enterobias Vermicularis Eggs
Tzanck Preparation
Index
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D
E
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W
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