The Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape: Shaping Your Landscape

Book Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
List of figures......Page 20
List of tables......Page 23
List of contributors......Page 24
Preface......Page 27
1 Introduction: gazing on the landscape and encountering the environment......Page 29
Understanding......Page 30
The impact of postmodernism......Page 31
Writing as oppression......Page 33
Is there a world out there?......Page 34
Expressions of culture in the environment......Page 36
Human adaptation and transformation of the environment......Page 37
Social strategies which co-ordinate or coerce action......Page 38
Reading the landscape......Page 39
Two problems for archaeology......Page 40
Conclusions......Page 43
References......Page 45
2 Chronologies of landscape......Page 49
References......Page 58
Introduction......Page 59
Western maps in western contexts......Page 62
Western maps in contact situations......Page 64
Indigenous maps......Page 68
Conclusions......Page 69
Notes......Page 70
References......Page 71
Introduction......Page 74
Landscapes from the outside: the extent of prehistoric settlement......Page 75
People, pathways and places......Page 76
A sense of place......Page 79
The landscape as context of activity......Page 83
Transforming the landscape......Page 88
References......Page 89
5 Small-scale communities and the landscape of Swaledale (North Yorkshire, UK)......Page 94
References......Page 101
Theorising landscapes......Page 102
Enculturation of the landscape......Page 107
Burials as territorial markers......Page 114
Focal places in the landscape......Page 115
Acknowledgements......Page 118
References......Page 119
Is landscape history possible?......Page 123
Form versus process......Page 124
Nature versus culture; ecological versus social theory......Page 126
Is it possible to survive on a deserted farm?......Page 127
Surveying......Page 128
Agro-ecosystems over time......Page 129
Social and tenurial development......Page 130
Note......Page 131
References......Page 132
Introduction......Page 134
Landscapes as ‘subjects’......Page 135
Critique of traditional archaeological approaches to landscape......Page 136
Space......Page 138
Time–space–action models in archaeology and beyond......Page 139
Landscape and the social use of space: Stonehenge......Page 141
Conclusions......Page 145
Notes......Page 146
References......Page 147
Introduction......Page 149
Philosophy and definition......Page 150
Time......Page 151
Space and scale......Page 156
Territorial inter-relationships......Page 157
Methods and practice......Page 158
Conclusion......Page 163
References......Page 164
10 The role of caste hierarchy in the spatial organisation of a village landscape in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka......Page 165
References......Page 174
Introduction......Page 176
The Sardar Dam and its impact......Page 177
The emergence of popular protest movements......Page 179
Are the tribals an indigenous group?......Page 180
A changing relationship to the landscape......Page 183
The dislocation, an experience in an alien landscape......Page 185
An attitudinal problem......Page 186
References......Page 188
Introduction......Page 189
The medieval hauz, a local community and the city of Delhi......Page 190
Sports in the ‘Queen’s reservoir’......Page 195
Conclusion: a diachronic study of landscapes and perceptions......Page 201
References......Page 203
Introduction......Page 205
The physical landscape and rural perceptions......Page 206
The archaeological landscape and rural perceptions......Page 214
References......Page 217
Introduction......Page 219
Colonial history......Page 220
Conceptions of place in northern Australia......Page 222
Discussion......Page 228
Acknowledgements......Page 232
References......Page 233
15 Competing perceptions of landscape in Kowanyama, North Queensland......Page 236
References......Page 247
16 The Alawa totemic landscape: ecology, religion and politics......Page 249
Yargala (the male Plains Kangaroo)......Page 250
Ganyila (Dogs)......Page 251
The environment......Page 252
Ecology and estates......Page 253
Inheritance of rights and responsibilities......Page 258
Performing ceremonies......Page 259
Kinship and country......Page 260
Access to and care of sites......Page 261
Response to colonisation......Page 262
The continuing Alawa presence......Page 263
Tracks and estates......Page 265
Maintaining custodians for the landscape......Page 266
Notes......Page 268
References......Page 269
Introduction......Page 270
Possessing the Amazon......Page 272
Shamanism......Page 273
Fisi, a shaman (sabedor)......Page 274
Possessing the landscape......Page 275
Eco-politics and contemporary territorial management......Page 279
Notes......Page 281
References......Page 282
Introduction......Page 284
Space and identity......Page 285
The perception of landscape amongst the Q’eqchi’......Page 288
Landscape as mythical space......Page 289
References......Page 292
19 Self-determination in cultural resource management: indigenous peoples’ interpretation of history and of places and landscapes......Page 294
Bargaining with the conqueror......Page 295
Caught in the grip of enclosure......Page 296
Rebellion, capture and punishment......Page 299
Final dispossession......Page 300
How archaeologists can find meaning in life......Page 301
Time, space and perceived reality......Page 302
The cultural nature of the roadblocks to indigenous self-determination......Page 304
A setting for landscapes in the ecology of mind: a separate reality......Page 305
European-American archaeology and indigenous peoples’ history......Page 306
Cultural resource management in the USA......Page 307
Bringing it all back home......Page 309
The resurgence of the sovereign rights of indigenous peoples......Page 310
Refocusing cultural resource management, reversing enclosure......Page 311
Cultural resource management in a multi-cultural society......Page 312
References......Page 313
20 Traditional beliefs, sacred sites and rituals of sacrifice of the Nenets of the GydanPeninsula in the modern context......Page 314
Notes......Page 326
Introduction......Page 327
The Pohnpei resources project, Micronesia......Page 329
The Salapwuk field project......Page 331
Site survey methods......Page 332
Interactions with the contemporary Salapwuk community......Page 334
Salapwuk land-use practices......Page 335
Summary of Salapwuk survey results......Page 336
Landscape features summary......Page 339
Salapwuk’s landscape significance......Page 342
Preservation and conservation perspectives......Page 343
Summary and conclusions......Page 345
Site survey......Page 346
References......Page 348
Dimensions of landscape......Page 351
Prehistoric hunter-gatherer symbolic landscapes......Page 352
The study area......Page 353
Djibigun and Jinmium, a story of attachment to place......Page 354
Excavations at Jinmium rockshelter......Page 356
Stone tools and plant remains......Page 357
Ochre and rock art......Page 359
Discussion and conclusions......Page 361
References......Page 362
Introduction......Page 365
The hills and the rain......Page 366
Rock art and ritual......Page 369
Hunting the elephant......Page 375
Discussion......Page 382
References......Page 384
Introduction......Page 387
Who owns the Sámi landscape?......Page 389
Constructing the Sámi cultural landscape today......Page 390
The environment as modified by humans......Page 393
The landscape of a particular culture......Page 394
The cognitive landscape and its cultural meanings......Page 397
Problems in reconstructing the cultural landscapes of northern Sweden......Page 399
The landscape as gendered and politicised......Page 400
Sami cultural identity and sedentisation......Page 403
The genesis of conflict in cultural landscapes......Page 404
The representation of the Sámi archaeological heritage......Page 407
‘Vuollerim 6000 år’: the Swedification of Lappland......Page 408
The cultural landscape of ‘stallo’ sites......Page 410
Sami hunters or Sami pastoralists?......Page 413
The evidence of reindeer-hunting......Page 415
The-past-as-wished-for......Page 418
Conclusion......Page 419
References......Page 421
25 Ancestors, forests and ancient settlements: Tandroy readings of the archaeological past......Page 426
Interpreting the material remains of the past......Page 428
The archaeology and oral history of the Andriamañare......Page 429
Oral history and the people who came before......Page 435
References......Page 438
Introduction......Page 440
Stones and land......Page 441
Stones and history......Page 442
Stones for agriculture and fishing......Page 444
Stones, magic and illness......Page 446
Stones, spirits and sanctions......Page 447
Stones, archaeology and heritage management......Page 448
Notes......Page 449
References......Page 450
Introduction......Page 452
Background......Page 454
Prehistoric occupation in the Furneaux islands region......Page 455
An Aboriginal perspective (Darrell West)......Page 459
Research aims......Page 462
Muttonbird bone investigation results......Page 463
Notes......Page 464
References......Page 465
28 Cognitive maps and narrative trails: fieldwork with the Tamu-mai (Gurung) of Nepal......Page 468
A fieldwork itinerary......Page 471
The archaeology of trails......Page 477
The shifting centre—cultural geographies......Page 480
Fieldwork with shamans—building histories......Page 482
Notes......Page 483
References......Page 485
Introduction......Page 487
Archaeology and the cultural landscape......Page 488
Human ecodynamics: an alternative spatio-temporal discourse......Page 490
Multi-disciplinarity and integrated research......Page 494
A model for integrated interdisciplinary research......Page 496
Methodology......Page 498
Environmental monitoring and landscape management......Page 499
Dynamical modelling and Landscape Sensitivity Mapping (LSM)......Page 501
Landscape, power and identity......Page 504
Historical path-dependence......Page 505
Water control and ‘contested’ landscapes......Page 506
Defining resilient landscapes......Page 507
Managing resilient landscapes......Page 508
Note......Page 509
References......Page 510
Index......Page 513