The Anglo-American Model of Neoliberalism of the 1980s: Construction, Development and Dissemination

Foreword
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
List of Figures
1 Liberalism in Twentieth Century Britain and Progressivism in Twentieth-Century America: Contacts, Conflicts and Connections (1832–1945)
Introduction
Great Britain’s Liberalism
US Progressivism: Contacts, Conflicts and Connections with British Liberalism
Conclusion
2 The Intellectual Roots of Neoliberalism: Advocating for a New Paradigm (1945–1979)
Overview of the Post-War Economic Order: The Emergence of a New Intellectual Paradigm
Historical Perspective of Neoliberalism
Adapting the American Model of Neoliberal Advocacy in 1970s Britain
Towards a Conservative Revolution?
References
3 Introduction
Defining “Neoliberalism”
Dissemination of the Concept
Vehicles of the Dissemination
Aims of the Book
Structure of the Book
References
Part I The Neoliberal Model, Theoretical and Political Perspectives
4 Standing the Test of Time? The “Resilience” of the Anglo-American Neoliberal Paradigm in the Post-financial Crisis, Post-Covid Era
Introduction
The Paradigm Shift to Neoliberalism in the UK and US
The Anglo-American Neoliberal Paradigm’s Resilience and Influence Over Time
Paving the Way for Paradigm Change? Post-2007 Ideational Renewal and the Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis
References
5 Genealogy and Architecture of a Global Model: The Role of British and American Conservative Think Tanks in the Dissemination of Neoliberal Ideas
Introduction
Conservative Think Tanks?
Conservative Think Tanks and the “Marketplace of Ideas”
The Adam Smith Institute: A Transatlantic Think Tank?
Neoliberalism in an Anglo-American Space or Anglo-American Neoliberalism?
A “Liberal Comintern”? Beyond the Anglo-American Sphere
Conclusion
References
6 Anglo-American Neoliberalism: An Illiberal Model?
Introduction
An Unacknowledged Conflict Between Free Market and Liberalism
A Direct Though Sometimes Implicit Challenge to Liberal Constitutionalism
An Illiberal Shift Noticeable with the Coming to Office of Thatcher and Reagan
Conclusion
References
7 Neoliberalism in Britain: From Origins to Orthodoxy
Introduction
The Initial Incorporation of Neoliberalism into the Conservative Party
The Discourse of Neoliberalism
The Consolidation of Neoliberalism Since 1997
Conclusion
References
8 Winning Without Winning: Neoliberalism, Public Opinion, and Electoral Politics in the United States (1968–2000)
Introduction
Americans’ Political Beliefs
Liberals and Neoliberals
Conclusion
References
Part II Transfer of the Neoliberal Paradigm Within the Anglosphere
9 The Originalism of American Federal Judges or the Establishment of Constitutional Foundations for Economic Liberalism Since the 1970s
Introduction
The originalist interpretation of the constitution: neutrality under debate
Originalism: Origins and Variants
The Illusion of Interpretative Neutrality
Behind Originalism, Conservative Positions: The A. Scalia Case
The Originalist Interpretation of the Commerce Clause: Reducing Federal Regulation Through New Constitutional Jurisprudence
The Jurisprudential Extension of Federal Powers: The “Dormant Commerce Clause” and Its Substantive Effects
A Counter-Offensive Against the “Substantial Effects Test” and the Extension of Federal Powers: Clarence Thomas’ Interpretation of the Commerce Clause
Robert Bork: Originalism and Antitrust
Conclusion
References
10 Was United States Financial Liberalisation in the 1980s Inspired by the Neoliberal Model? (1913–2013)
Introduction
Methodological Approach and Results of the United States Financial Liberalisation Index
First Phase (1913–1970): Regulatory Tightening
Second Phase (1971–2009): From Regulatory Relaxation to Financial Liberalisation
Last Phase (2009–2013): The Post-Financial Crisis 2008 Re-Regulation
Conclusion
Appendix: Financial Liberalisation Scores of the Index Dimensions (Author’s Elaboration)
References
11 From Thatcher to Johnson: 40 years of Neoliberalism in the UK, Continuities and Adaptations
Introduction
1979–2010: The Thatcherite Neo-Liberal Turn and New Labour
1979: Margaret Thatcher’s Neo-Liberal Turn
1997: New Labour’s “Third Way”
The Minimum Wage
The 2007–2008 Financial Crisis: State Intervention
2010: The Return of the Conservatives to Power
Lowering the Corporate Tax Rate
Public Pensions and Minimum Wage
The European Question
The Conservative Platform in the 2019 General Election and Its Implementation
2020: Brexit and the “Global Britain” Strategy
Coronavirus Crisis: Massive Support Plans
Corporate Tax Rates: A Sea Change, but…
Conclusion
References
12 Exploring the Neoliberal Health Legacy in Britain
Introduction
Understanding Neoliberal Theory and Practice
Neoliberal Policy and Healthcare
Neoliberal Reforms and the NHS
Reforms Following the Neoliberal Model
Assessing the Outcomes of Neoliberal Reforms in Britain’s National Health Service
Quality Issues
Wasteful Expenditure
The Impact on Staff Wellbeing and Motivation to Care
Accountability
Conclusion
References
13 The Limits of the Neoliberal Paradigm? Health Care Politics and the Sexual Revolutions in the United States at a Time of Crisis (1970–1992)
Introduction
“Self-Help” and the Political Economy of Bodily Autonomy in the 1970s
HIV-AIDS, the Welfare State, and the Shift from Private to Public in the 1980s
Conclusion
References
14 Detention of Undocumented Migrants: From Reagan’s Neoliberal, Money-Led Legacy to a More Humanistic Approach
Introduction
Migration Policy and Market Law: Premises for the Growth of Private Detention Centres for Migrants
International Policy and Migration Policy in a Cold War Context
The Perverse Effects of Free Trade Agreements
A Neoliberal Conception of Migratory Movements that Goes Beyond Traditional Political Divides
Criminalisation of Immigration and Neoliberal Transformation of Migrant Detention
Neoliberal Management of Migrant Detention
Private Detention Centres for Migrants: A Niche Market
A Prison Migration Policy Under Influence
Profitability and Market Logic: Contractual Procedures Partially Outside the Control of Government Authorities
Repositioning and Diversification Strategy
A Constant Search for Legal and Financial Optimisation
A Shifting Legal Structure
A Persistent Need for Financing
An Influence Weakened by Coalition Groups with Diverse but Converging Interests
A Public Opinion More Favourable to Welcoming Migrants
A Judicial System Torn Between Political Interests and Integrity
An Increasing Number of Activist Mobilisations
A Growing Collision Between Federal and State Power
Conclusion
References
Part III Dissemination in Europe
15 Expanding the Kingdom: The Walt Disney Company as a Purveyor of Neoliberal Logic
Introduction
Setting the Stage—The Neoliberal Turn and the “Disney Renaissance”
How Disney Shaped Neoliberalism—Case Study: Disney’s Theme Parks
Disney’s Small World
Disney’s Besting of US-Style Glocalisation
Whistle While You Work—Disney’s “Do What You Love” Mantra
Conclusion
References
16 Has Anglo-American Neoliberalism Been a Model for France? The Case of Economic and Financial Reforms (1986–1988)
Introduction
Aims and Inspirations
Implementation: A Different Agenda and Different Entourages
The Main Achievements Mirroring Thatcherism
Privatisation
(Neo)liberal Public Finance Management?
Competition Policy: A Look Across the Rhine Rather Than Across the Channel?
Conclusion
References
17 European Economic Governance, the European Semester and Health: Reflections from the French Case
Introduction
The European Semester: Constraint as a New Way of Making the Law
Constraint Through Iteration
Discourse Coercion
The Reception of the Constraint
First Reception Clue
Second Reception Clue
Conclusion
References
18 From New Public Management to Social Impact Bonds: The European Experience
Introduction
Social Impact Bonds: A Conceptual Overview
Market Overview: A Focus on Europe
Social Impact Bonds as a Response to Old Issues and Emerging Social Needs Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Concluding Remarks
References
19 From “No-Liberalism” to Neoliberalism in Central Eastern Europe of the Late Twentieth Century: A Success Story?
Introduction: From “No-Liberalism” to Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism in the (Paradoxical) Making
Conclusions: From Neoliberalism to Unexpected Future Illiberalism?
References
Index