What makes men kill? How can we explain man's lust for cruelty and destruction? This work tries to provide the answers. From the author of 'The Crisis of Psychoanalysis'.
Author(s): Erich Fromm
Edition: 1st
Publisher: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
Year: 1973
Language: English
Pages: 534
Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 11
Terminology......Page 14
Introduction: Instincts and Human Passions......Page 18
part one Instinctivism, Behaviorism, Psychoanalysis......Page 28
The Older Instinctivists......Page 29
Freud's Concept of Aggression......Page 30
Lorenz's Theory of Aggression......Page 32
Freud and Lorenz: Their Similarities and Differences......Page 35
Behaviorism......Page 49
B. F. Skinner's Neobehaviorism......Page 50
Goals and Values......Page 51
The Reasons Jar Skinnerism's Popularity......Page 56
Behaviorism and Aggression......Page 58
On Psychological Experiments......Page 61
The Frustration-Aggression Theory......Page 82
A Common Ground......Page 85
More Recent Views......Page 87
The Political and Social Background of Both Theories......Page 89
4 The Psychoanalytic Approachto the Understanding of Aggression......Page 93
part two The Evidence Against the Instinctivist Thesis......Page 102
The Relationship of Psychology to Neurophysiology......Page 103
The Brain as a Basis for Aggressive Behavior......Page 107
The Defensive Function of Aggression......Page 109
The " Flight " Instinct......Page 110
Predation and Aggression......Page 112
6 Animal Behavior......Page 116
Aggression in Captivity......Page 117
Human Aggression and Crowding......Page 121
Aggression in the Wild......Page 123
Territorialism and Dominance......Page 128
Aggressiveness Among Other Mammals......Page 132
Has Man an Inhibition Against Killing?......Page 134
Is Man One Species?......Page 138
Is Man a Predatory Animal?......Page 139
"Man the Hunter"-The Anthropological Adam?......Page 143
Aggression and Primitive Hunters......Page 150
Primitive Hunters-The Affluent Society?......Page 158
Primitive Warfare......Page 160
The Neolithic Revolution......Page 165
Prehistoric Societies and "Human Nature"......Page 174
The Urban Revolution......Page 175
Aggressiveness in Primitive Cultures......Page 180
Analysis of Thirty Primitive Tribes......Page 181
System B: Nondestructive-Aggressive Societies......Page 182
Examples of the Three Systems......Page 183
The Evidence for Destructiveness and Cruelty......Page 191
part three The Varieties of Aggression and Destructiveness and Their Respective Conditions......Page 196
Preliminary Remarks......Page 197
Playful Aggression......Page 200
Self-Assertive Aggression......Page 201
Difference Between Animals and Man......Page 207
Aggression and Freedom......Page 210
Aggression and Narcissism......Page 212
Aggression and Resistance......Page 217
Instrumental Aggression......Page 219
On the Causes of War......Page 222
The Conditions for the Reduction of Defensive Aggression......Page 228
Preliminary Remarks......Page 230
Man's Nature......Page 231
A Frame of Orientation and Devotion......Page 242
Rootedness......Page 244
Unity......Page 245
Effectiveness......Page 247
Excitation and Stimulation......Page 249
Chronic Depression-Boredom......Page 254
Character Structure......Page 263
Conditions for the Development of Character-Rooted Passions......Page 265
Neurophysiological Conditions......Page 266
Social Conditions......Page 270
On the Rationality and Irrationality of Instincts and Passions......Page 275
Psychical Function of the Passions......Page 277
Apparent Destructiveness......Page 280
The Historical Record......Page 282
Vengeful Destructiveness......Page 283
Ecstatic Destructiveness......Page 286
Kern, von Salomon: A Clinical Case of Destruction Idolatry......Page 288
The Destructive Character: Sadism......Page 292
Examples of Sexual Sadism/Masochism......Page 294
Joseph Stalin: A Clinical Case of Nonsexual Sadism......Page 297
The Nature of Sadism......Page 300
Conditions That Generate Sadism......Page 308
Heinrich Himmler: A Clinical Case of Anal-Hoarding Sadism......Page 311
The Traditional Concept......Page 337
The Necrophilous Character......Page 342
Necrophilic Dreams......Page 344
"Unintended" Necrophilic Actions......Page 348
The Necrophilic's Language......Page 352
The Connection Between Necrophilia and the Worship of Technique......Page 354
Hypothesis on Incest and the Oedipus Complex......Page 370
The Relation of Freud's Life and Death Instincts to Biophilia and Necrophilia......Page 377
Clinical/Methodological Principles......Page 379
Preliminary Remarks......Page 381
Klara Hitler......Page 383
Alois Hitler......Page 385
From Infancy to Age 6 (1889-1895)......Page 387
Childhood Ages 6 to 11 (1895-1900)......Page 391
Preadolescence and Adolescence: Ages 11 to 17(1900-1906)......Page 392
Vienna (1907-1913)......Page 400
Munich......Page 406
A Comment on Methodology......Page 407
Hitler's Destructiveness......Page 408
Repression of Destructiveness......Page 416
Other Aspects of Hitler's Personality......Page 417
Relations to Women......Page 421
Gifts and Talents......Page 425
Veneer......Page 434
Defects of Will and Realism......Page 438
Epilogue: On the Ambiguity of Hope......Page 446
1 The Evolution of Freud's Concept of Aggressiveness and Destructiveness......Page 450
2 Analysis of the Vicissitudes and a Critique of Freud's Theories of the Death Instinct and Eros......Page 456
3 The Power and Limitations of the Death Instinct......Page 474
4 Critique of the Substance of the Theory......Page 480
5 The Principle of Excitation Reduction: the Basis for the Pleasure Principle and Death Instinct......Page 483
Bibliography......Page 490
Index......Page 510
Back Cover......Page 534
