The Agency: A History of the CIA

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Since the eve of the Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency has been tasked by the U.S. government with keeping watch on an increasingly dangerous and unstable world. Few organizations are as fascinating, as mysterious—and as controversial.

Author(s): Hugh Wilford
Series: The Great Courses
Publisher: The Teaching Company
Year: 2019-03

Language: English
Pages: 255
Tags: CIA

Professor Biography......Page 3
Table of Contents......Page 5
Course Scope......Page 7
1 • Secrecy, Democracy, and the Birth of the CIA......Page 9
Background on the CIA......Page 10
The American Revolution to the Late 1930s......Page 11
The OSS......Page 13
After the War: 1945–1947......Page 15
2 • George Kennan and the Rise of Covert Ops......Page 18
George F. Kennan......Page 19
New Powers......Page 20
The Office of Policy Coordination......Page 21
The OPC in Action......Page 22
Enver Hoxha......Page 24
3 • The CIA, China, and the Korean War......Page 26
The Korean War......Page 27
Walter Bedell Smith......Page 28
Smith’s Reforms......Page 29
Wisner in Korea and China......Page 30
The Results......Page 31
Conclusion......Page 32
4 • The Iran Coup of August 1953......Page 34
Iran......Page 35
Changing Factors......Page 36
Soviet Fears......Page 37
British Involvement......Page 38
Spring and Summer of 1953......Page 39
August Chaos......Page 40
After the Coup......Page 41
5 • Regime Change in Guatemala......Page 43
Background on the Crisis......Page 44
Conflict with United Fruit......Page 45
Motives......Page 46
Soviet Worries......Page 47
PBSUCCESS......Page 48
Problems......Page 49
Spring 1954......Page 50
The Fall of Arbenz......Page 51
After the Change......Page 52
6 • Operation Rollback in Eastern Europe......Page 54
Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberation......Page 55
Paramilitary Efforts......Page 56
The Emigrés......Page 57
The CIA Reassesses......Page 58
Unrest in Hungary......Page 59
The Fallout......Page 60
7 • U-2 Spy Missions and Battleground Berlin......Page 62
HUMINT......Page 63
Failures and Successes......Page 65
SIGINT......Page 66
TECHINT......Page 68
Francis Gary Powers......Page 69
8 • The CIA in Syria, Indonesia, and the Congo......Page 71
Background......Page 72
1956: A Failed Coup......Page 74
1957: The Eisenhower Doctrine......Page 75
1958: Indonesia......Page 76
1960: Congolese Operations......Page 78
Attempted Assassination......Page 80
9 • Under Orders: The Agency Targets Castro......Page 82
Fidel Castro......Page 83
The CIA’s Approach......Page 84
1960: Operation PLUTO......Page 85
Mafia Involvement......Page 86
John F. Kennedy......Page 87
Operation Zapata......Page 88
The Fallout......Page 89
10 • Missile Crisis in Cuba and at Langley......Page 91
Following the Bay of Pigs......Page 92
Soviet and Cuban Motives......Page 93
Early in the Crisis......Page 94
October 1962......Page 96
Tensions Rise......Page 97
Resolution......Page 99
11 • Unquiet American: Edward Lansdale in Vietnam......Page 101
Background on Vietnam......Page 102
Edward Lansdale......Page 103
Building Support......Page 105
COIN......Page 106
Changes to the US Approach......Page 107
Later Nation Building......Page 108
The CIA’s Record in Vietnam......Page 109
12 • CIA Fronts and the Ramparts Exposé......Page 111
The Non-Communist Left......Page 112
Funding Methods......Page 114
Stumbling Blocks......Page 115
The Media Turns......Page 117
Conclusion......Page 118
13 • Spies in Hollywood: Romance and Thriller......Page 120
The Cultural Front......Page 121
Animal Farm......Page 122
Ongoing Productions......Page 123
Secretive Influence......Page 124
James Bond and the CIA......Page 125
Subconscious Influence......Page 126
Conclusion......Page 127
14 • Nixon, Kissinger, and the Coup in Chile......Page 129
The CIA’s Status......Page 130
Nixon Makes Use of the CIA......Page 131
Nixon’s Reaction......Page 133
A New Approach......Page 135
The 1973 Coup......Page 136
Conclusion......Page 137
15 • Watergate, Nixon, and the Family Jewels......Page 138
Background......Page 139
Earlier Domestic Surveillance......Page 140
1967 Operations......Page 141
The CIA and Watergate......Page 143
Fractures......Page 144
16 • James Angleton and the Great CIA Molehunt......Page 147
Counterintelligence......Page 148
The Molehunt Begins......Page 150
The Molehunt Intensifies......Page 151
Yuri Nosenko......Page 152
Angleton Falls......Page 153
17 • Colby, Church, and the CIA Crisis of 1975......Page 155
Background......Page 156
Daniel Schorr......Page 158
Whistleblowers......Page 159
Congressional Moves......Page 160
The Church Committee Hearing......Page 161
The Pike Committee’s Findings......Page 162
The Tide Turns......Page 163
18 • The CIA, Carter, and the Hostage Crisis in Iran......Page 165
Bill Daugherty......Page 166
Context on Iran......Page 167
The Team B Report and a New Director......Page 168
Carter’s Foreign Policy......Page 169
Events of 1979......Page 170
The Hostage Crisis......Page 172
19 • Reagan, Casey, and the Iran-Contra Scandal......Page 175
Two Events......Page 176
Political Background......Page 177
The Boland Amendments......Page 179
1984 in Nicaragua......Page 180
Iran-Contra......Page 181
The Fallout......Page 183
20 • Afghanistan, the Soviets, and the CIA......Page 185
CIA Analysis......Page 186
Washington’s Response......Page 187
Pakistani Involvement......Page 188
Saudi Involvement......Page 189
CIA Involvement......Page 190
The Soviet Unraveling......Page 191
The CIA’s Effect......Page 192
21 • Intelligence Failure: The Road to 9/11......Page 194
After the Soviets......Page 195
The Story of Bin Laden......Page 196
Support for Bin Laden......Page 197
American Response......Page 199
The Late 1990s......Page 200
2000 and 2001......Page 201
Reasons for Failure......Page 202
22 • CIA Advance in Afghanistan, Retreat in Iraq......Page 204
After 9/11......Page 205
Enduring Freedom......Page 206
Other Developments......Page 207
A Setback......Page 208
Saddam Hussein......Page 209
The Iraq Debacle......Page 210
War in 2003......Page 211
CIA Blame......Page 212
23 • CIA Renditions, Interrogations, and Drones......Page 214
EITs......Page 215
The Obama Administration......Page 217
The CIA as Killers......Page 219
Drone Support Fades......Page 220
Targeted Killing......Page 221
24 • The CIA Balance Sheet: Wins and Losses......Page 223
Trump and the CIA......Page 224
Intelligence Performance......Page 225
Covert-Action Performance......Page 226
The CIA’s Power......Page 228
Conclusion......Page 230
Quiz......Page 232
Timeline of Notable Events (1941–2011)......Page 236
Bibliography......Page 242
Image Credits......Page 250
Quiz Answers......Page 253