The 2019 European Electoral Campaign: In the Time of Populism and Social Media

Acknowledgements
Disclaimer
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Pictures
List of Graphs
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction: A Campaign (More or Less) About the European Union
The 2019 EU Elections
Research on EU Elections
European Elections Monitoring Center (EEMC)
Chapters in the Book
The Rise of a European Public Sphere?
References
Chapter 2: The First European Election Campaign in the Time of Social Media
Introduction
Background and Context
Previous Research
Data Findings/Results
Total Dataset
EU Dataset
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Getting More Intense: Quantitative and Qualitative Dynamics of Political Communication on Facebook
Introduction
Background and Context
Previous Research
Results
A Homogeneous Increase of Posting Activity
Evolutions in Producing and Sharing
Sharply Contrasted Campaign Dynamics at Party Level
Accounting for Parties’ Heterogeneous Campaign Dynamics, Politically and Nationally
Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Visual Personalization in the 2019 EU Election Campaign
Introduction
Background and Context
Previous Research
Results
Level and Objects of Visual Personalization
Visual Styles
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Gender and Multimodality in 2019 European Parliament Election Campaign
Introduction
Background and Context
Gender (In)equality. Women in Politics
Contexts of Gender (In)equality for the 2019 European Parliament Elections
Analytical Framework and Research Questions
Results
Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Representation of Europe in Social Media Political Communication: Emotions and Rationality in the EP 2019 Election Campaign (with the Example of Eight Member States)
Introduction
Political Context(s) of EU Election and the Attitudes to the EU
Social Media Political Communication
Materials and Methods
Results
Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Attacking Each Other, Attacking Europe: Negative Advertising in the 2019 European Election
Introduction
Previous Research
Results
Country Negativity
Party Negativity
Attacking What?
Explaining Negativity
Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Green as Greta? Environmental Issues in the 2019 European Election Campaigns
Introduction
The Green Agenda and European Elections from 1979 to 2014
Results: The Climate and the Environment in 2019 EU Campaigns
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: A Gulf Across the Irish Sea? The European Election Campaigns in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
Introduction
Background and Context: A Tale of Two Very Different Elections
Findings: Parties and Personalities
Findings: The Issues
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Multicultural Representations in the 2014 and 2019 European Parliament Election Campaigns
Introduction
Background and Existing Research
Data Collection and Analysis
Results and Discussion
Multiculturalism and Immigration-Related Issues Used in Electoral Materials During the 2019 European Parliament Election Campaign
Immigration-Related Issues used in Electoral Materials: The 2014 Versus 2019 European Parliament Election Campaign
The Relationship between a Party’s Position on Immigration and Electoral Success
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Campaigns Without Frontiers? The Europeanisation of the 2019 Elections Based on the Appearance of Foreign Public Figures in National Campaigns
Introduction
Background and Context
Data and Research Design
Data Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Similar Aims, Different Approaches: An Analysis of Campaign Video Ads in the Baltic States
Introduction
Why Are Three Baltic Countries Suitable as One Joint Object of Research?
Background of the 2019 Elections in Baltic States
Research Methods
Populism and Personalization
Professionalization of Audio-visual Advertising in the Baltic States
Negative Campaigning
Role of Time and Symbols in Narrative Creation
Creating Threats
Emotions and Rationality in Messages
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Online Parties and Digital Campaigns
Introduction
Background and Context
Previous Research
Data Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Europe or Homeland? How Populist Right-Wing Parties in National Governments Campaigned on Facebook in the 2019 European Elections
Introduction
Background and Context
Previous Research and Hypotheses
Data and Results
Level of Governance: Europe or Homeland?
Sentiment Towards Europe
Discussion
Right-Wing Populist Government Parties in the EU Election Campaign: Lega, Freedom Party and EKRE
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Talking About ‘International Sovereignty’: A Comparative Analysis of the Identity and Democracy Parties Campaigning in the 2019 European Elections
Introduction
Background and Previous Research
Data Findings and Discussion
Conclusions
References
Chapter 16: Campaigning for Europe ‘After’ the Economic ‘Crisis’: The Cases of Greece and Portugal
Introduction
The Greek Context
The Portuguese Context
Research Questions - Research Hypotheses
The Research Method: Valence Frame Analysis
Results
Greek Valence Frames
Portuguese Valence Frames
Discussion
References
Chapter 17: Between Euroscepticism and Euro-optimism in Newer EU Member States
Introduction
Background
The Steady Approach of Bulgaria
Slovakia: From Optimists to the Least Enthusiastic Member
Background and Context
Form and Content of the Campaign
The Eurosceptic Way Is the Czech Way
Elections 2019: We Protect Your Interests
Conclusions and Findings
References
Appendix
Part I: All Materials
Part II: Poster and Press Advertising Pathway
Part III: Commercial Pathway
Part IV: Social Media Pathway
Part IV.1: Webcard
Part IV.2: Video
Part IV.3: Text
Part IV.4: Photo
Index