Textiles

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Section I: Introduction to Textiles
01 Introduction
Chapter Objectives
Professional Importance of Learning Textile Science
Textiles and Textile Products
Textiles and Quality of Life
The Global Textile Complex
Key terms
Review questions
Case Study: Wearable Technology
Suggested Readings
02 Product Development from a Textile Perspective
Chapter Objectives
The Role of Textiles in Product Development
Serviceability and the Consumer
Performance
Information Sources
Key terms
Review questions
Section Review Questions
Case Study: Product Development
Suggested Readings
Section II: Fibers
03 Textile Fibers and Their Properties
Chapter Objectives
Fiber Terminology and Properties
Fiber Structure
Physical Structure
Chemical Composition and Molecular Arrangement
Serviceability
Aesthetic Properties
Durability Properties
Comfort and Safety Properties
Appearance-Retention Properties
Resistance to Chemicals
Resistance to Light
Sustainability
Care Properties
Cost
Fiber Property Charts
Fiber Identification
Visual Inspection
Burn Test
Microscopy
Solubility Tests
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Reading Care Labels
Suggested Readings
04 Natural Cellulosic Fibers
Chapter Objectives
Cellulosic Fibers
Characteristics Common to All Cellulosic Fibers
Seed Fibers
Cotton
Coir
Kapok
Milkweed
Bast Fibers
Flax
Ramie
Hemp
Jute
Kenaf
Hibiscus
Nettle
Bamboo
Leaf Fibers
Piña
Abaca
Sisal and Henequen
Other Cellulosic Materials
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Cotton DNA
Suggested Readings
05 Natural Protein Fibers
Chapter Objectives
Natural Protein Fibers
Characteristics Common to All Natural Protein Fibers
Wool
Production of Wool
Types and Kinds of Wool
Physical Structure of Wool
Chemical Composition and Molecular Arrangement of Wool
Properties of Wool
Sustainability of Wool
Uses of Wool
Specialty Wools
Mohair
Qiviut
Angora
Camel Hair
Cashmere
Llama and Alpaca
Vicuña and Guanaco
Yak
Other Animal Fibers
Silk
Production of Silk
Physical Structure of Silk
Chemical Composition and Molecular Structure of Silk
Properties of Silk
Sustainability of Silk
Uses of Silk
Spider Silk
Identification of Natural Protein Fibers
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: A Lao Silk Farm
Suggested Readings
06 The Fiber-Manufacturing Process
Chapter Objectives
Manufacturing Fibers
Fiber Spinning
Spinning Methods
Fiber Modifications
Spinneret Modifications
Molecular Structure and Crystallinity Modifications
Additives to the Polymer or Spinning Solution
Modifications in Fiber Spinning
Complex Modifications
Sustainability of Manufactured Fibers
Manufactured-Fiber Consumption
Manufactured Versus Natural Fibers
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Apparel Imports
Suggested Readings
07 Manufactured Regenerated Fibers
Chapter Objectives
Manufactured Regenerated Fibers
Cellulosic Regenerated Fibers
Rayon
Lyocell
Acetate
Other Regenerated Fibers
Identification of Regenerated Fibers
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Soy Fiber
Suggested Readings
08 Synthetic Fibers
Chapter Objectives
Synthetic Fibers: An Overview
Common Properties of Synthetic Fibers
Common Manufacturing Processes
Common Fiber Modifications
Identification of Synthetic Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
Nylon
Polyester
Olefin
Acrylic
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Green Chemistry
Suggested Readings
09 Special-Use Fibers
Chapter Objectives
Elastomeric Fibers
Rubber
Spandex
Elastoester
Elasterell-p
Lastol
High-Performance Fibers
Aramid
Glass
Metal and Metallic Fibers
Modacrylic Fibers
Novoloid
PBI
Sulfar
Saran
Vinyon
Vinal
Fluoropolymer
Carbon
Melamine
Other High-Performance Fibers
Key Terms
Review Questions
Section Review Questions
Case Study: Undergarments for Firefighters
Suggested Readings
Section III: Yarns
10 Yarn Processing
Chapter Objectives
Filament Yarns
Smooth-Filament Yarn
Monofilament Yarns
Tape and Network Yarns
Bulk Yarns
Spun Yarns
Processing Staple Fibers
Inserting Yarn Twist
Alternate Spun-Yarn Processes
Spinning Filament Tow into Spun Yarns
High-Bulk Yarns
Fiber Blends
Blend Levels
Blending Methods
Blended-Filament Yarns
Sustainability of Yarn Processing
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Yarn Energy Storage
Suggested Readings
11 Yarn Classification
Chapter Objectives
Yarn Characteristics and Structure
Fiber Length
Yarn Twist
Yarn Size
Yarn Regularity
Yarn Types
Simple Yarns
Sewing and Embroidery Thread
Novelty Yarns
Composite Yarns
Yarn Performance and Yarn Quality
Key Terms
Review Questions
Section Review Questions
Case Study: Antimicrobial Sewing Thread
Suggested Readings
Section IV: Fabrication
12 Weaving, Basic Weaves, and Fabrics
Chapter Objectives
Fabric Quality
Woven Fabrics
The Loom
Sustainability of Weaving
Characteristics of Woven Fabrics
Warp and Filling
Grain
Fabric Count
Balance
Selvages
Fabric Width
Fabric Weight
Properties of Woven Fabrics
Naming and Diagramming Woven Fabrics
The Three Basic Weaves
Plain Weave
Twill Weave
Satin Weave
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Threats and Opportunities for the Woven Industry
Suggested Readings
13 Fancy Weaves and Fabrics
Chapter Objectives
Fancy Weaves: Types and Processes
Dobby Weaves
Extra-Yarn Weaves
Piqué Weaves
Jacquard Weaves
Momie Weaves
Leno Weaves
Double Cloth
Pile Weaves
Slack-Tension Weaves
Tapestry Weave
Narrow Fabrics
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Passion for Jacquard Design and Weaving
Suggested Readings
14 Knitting and Knit Fabrics
Chapter Objectives
Knit Versus Woven Fabrics
Types of Knitting
Classifying Knits
Sustainability of Knitting
Filling and Warp Knitting and Fabrics
Filling (or Weft) Knits
Warp Knits
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Made in the United States
Suggested Readings
15 Other Fabrication Methods
Chapter Objectives
Fabrics from Solutions
Films
Foams
Fabrics from Fibers
Nonwoven or Fiberweb Structures
Felt
Netlike Structures
Fabrics from Yarns
Braids
Lace
Embroidery
Composite Fabrics
Coated Fabrics
Poromeric Fabrics
Suedelike Fabrics
Flocked Fabrics
Tufted-Pile Fabrics
Laminates
Stitch-Bonded Fabrics
Supported-Scrim Structures
Fiber-Reinforced Materials
Animal Products
Leather
Suede
Fur
Key Terms
Review Questions
Section review questions
Case Study: Textile Protection from Dust Mites
Suggested Readings
Section V: Finishing
16 Finishing: An Overview
Chapter Objectives
Finishing Technology
Routine Steps in Producing a Fabric
Fiber Processing
Yarn Processing
Yarn Preparation
Fabrication
Fabric Preparation
Whitening
Alternate Preparation Steps
Coloration
Finishing
Drying
Reworking
Routine Finishing Steps for Wool Fabrics
Sustainability of Finishing
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Eco-Denim
Suggested Readings
17 Aesthetic Finishes
Chapter Objectives
Applied Design Versus Structural Design
Aesthetic Finishes
Luster
Drape
Texture and Hand
Performance of Aesthetic Finishes
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Softeners and Fabric Sewability
Suggested Readings
18 Special-Purpose Finishes
Chapter Objectives
Special-Purpose Finishes
Stabilization Finishes
Shrinkage Control
Durable Press Finishes
Appearance-Retention Finishes
Soil- and Stain-Release Finishes
Abrasion-Resistant Finishes
Antislip Finishes
Fume-Fading-Resistant Finishes
Surface or Back Coatings
Light-Stabilizing Finishes
Pilling-Resistant Finishes
Anti-Yellowing Finishes
Comfort-Related Finishes
Water-Repellent Finishes
Moisture Management Finishes
Porosity-Control Finishes
Water-Absorbent Finishes
Ultraviolet-Absorbent Finishes
Antistatic Finishes
Phase-Change and Temperature Regulation Finishes
Biological-Control Finishes
Insect- and Moth-Control Finishes
Mold- and Mildew-Control Finishes
Rot-Proof Finishes
Antimicrobial Finishes
Microencapsulated Finishes
Safety-Related Finishes
Flame-Retardant Finishes
Liquid-Barrier Finishes
Light-Reflecting Finishes
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Skin Cancer Prevention
Suggested Readings
19 Dyeing and Printing
Chapter Objectives
Theory and Practice in Dyeing and Printing
Color Theory
Colorants
Sustainability of Dyeing and Printing
Stages of Dyeing and Printing
Fiber Stage
Yarn Stage
Piece or Fabric Stage
Product Stage
Dyeing
Batch Dyeing
Package Dyeing
Combination Dyeing
Resist Dyeing
Printing
Direct Printing
Discharge Printing
Screen Printing
Other Printing Methods
Color Problems
Key Terms
Review Questions
Section review questions
Case Study: Indigo Farming
Suggested Readings
Section VI: Other Issues Related to Textiles
20 Care of Textile Products
Chapter Objectives
Factors Related to Cleaning
Soil and Soil Removal
Detergency
Solvents
Synthetic Detergents and Soaps
Other Cleaning Additives
Sustainability of Cleaning
Cleaning of Apparel and Interior Textiles
Laundering
Sorting
Washing Machines
Dryers and Drying
Commercial Laundering
Dry Cleaning
Home Solvent Cleaning
Professional Wet Cleaning
Cleaning of Interior Textiles
Storage and Conservation Practices
Storage
Textile Conservation
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Sustainable Laundry Practices
Suggested Readings
21 Legal and Sustainability Issues Related to Textiles
Chapter Objectives
Laws and Regulations
Silk Regulation, 1932
Wool Products Labeling Act, 1939 (Amended)
Fur Products Labeling Act, 1952 (Amended)
Textile Fiber Products Identification Act, 1960 (Amended)
Permanent Care Labeling Regulation, 1972 (Amended)
Mandatory and Voluntary Labeling Programs
Flammable Fabrics Act, 1953, and Its Amendment
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA)
Professional and Consumer Rights and Responsibilities
Codes
Tort
Consumer Recourse
Sustainability Issues
Laws and Regulations
Product Demand and Corporate Responsibility
Efforts Within the Global Textile Complex
Disposal and Recycling
Key Terms
Review Questions
Case Study: Sustainability
Suggested Readings
22 Career Exploration
Chapter Objectives
Critical Career Preparation
Career Opportunities
Product Development
Production
Design
Sourcing
Merchandising
Marketing
Entrepreneurs
Government
Other Career Areas
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Section Review Questions
Case Study: The Resume
Suggested Readings
Appendices
A Fiber Names in Other Languages
B Fibers Not Produced in the United States
C Selected Trade Names
D A Map of the World
E Standard Care Terminology
F A Guide to Stain Removal
Glossary
Index