TeX by topic, a texnician's reference

Four TeX processors......Page 15
Two-level input processing......Page 16
Special cases: `expandafter, `noexpand, and `the......Page 17
The execution processor......Page 18
Skipped spaces......Page 19
Internal quantities and their representations......Page 20
Initial processing......Page 21
Category codes......Page 22
State M: middle of line......Page 24
0: escape character......Page 25
14: comment......Page 26
Letters and other characters......Page 27
Skipped spaces......Page 28
Ignored and obeyed spaces......Page 29
"426830A space token"526930B......Page 30
Obeylines......Page 31
Changing the `endlinechar......Page 32
The input processor as a separate process......Page 33
The @ convention......Page 34
Character codes......Page 35
Denoting characters to be typeset: `char......Page 36
Implicit character tokens: `let......Page 37
Accents......Page 38
Uppercase and lowercase codes......Page 39
Creative use of `uppercase and `lowercase......Page 40
Output of control sequences......Page 41
Category codes of a `string......Page 42
Fonts......Page 43
Querying the current font and font names......Page 44
Font dimensions......Page 45
Ligatures......Page 46
Boundary ligatures......Page 47
Boxes......Page 48
Allocation: `newbox......Page 49
The `lastbox......Page 50
Dimensions of created vertical boxes......Page 51
Examples......Page 52
Predetermined dimensions......Page 53
Box dimensions and box placement......Page 54
Boxes and negative glue......Page 55
Opening and closing boxes......Page 56
Unboxing......Page 57
Forgetting the `box......Page 58
More subtleties with vertical boxes......Page 59
Dissecting paragraphs with `lastbox......Page 60
Horizontal mode......Page 62
Horizontal and vertical commands......Page 63
Internal vertical mode......Page 64
Modes and glue......Page 65
Testing modes......Page 66
Integers......Page 68
Denotations: characters......Page 69
Internal integers......Page 70
Numbers......Page 71
Arithmetic......Page 72
Number testing......Page 73
Expanding too far / how far......Page 74
Definition of "426830A glue"526930B and "426830A dimen"526930B......Page 76
Definition of dimensions......Page 77
Conversion of "426830A glue"526930B to "426830A dimen"526930B......Page 78
Arithmetic: addition......Page 79
Units of measurement......Page 80
Stretch and shrink......Page 81
Glue and breaking......Page 83
The last glue item in a list: backspacing......Page 84
Glue in trace output......Page 85
Rules......Page 87
Leaders......Page 88
Rule leaders......Page 89
Evenly spaced leaders......Page 90
Leaders and box registers......Page 91
Leaders and shifted margins......Page 92
The grouping mechanism......Page 93
Group delimiters......Page 94
The brace as a token......Page 95
Open and closing brace control symbols......Page 96
Introduction......Page 97
Prefixes......Page 98
Undelimited parameters......Page 99
Examples with delimited arguments......Page 100
The macro parameter character......Page 102
Construction of control sequences......Page 103
`futurelet......Page 104
Tail recursion......Page 105
Unknown number of arguments......Page 106
Examining the argument......Page 107
Two-step macros......Page 109
A comment environment......Page 110
Ordinary expansion......Page 112
One step expansion: `expandafter......Page 113
`afterassignment......Page 114
`aftergroup......Page 115
`noexpand and active characters......Page 116
`relax and `csname......Page 117
TeX inserts a `relax......Page 118
Expanding after......Page 119
Defining inside an `edef......Page 120
Expansion and `write......Page 121
More examples with `relax......Page 122
Example: category code saving and restoring......Page 123
More expansion......Page 124
The shape of conditionals......Page 125
`ifx......Page 126
Numerical tests......Page 127
Case statement......Page 128
The `newif macro......Page 129
Evaluation of conditionals......Page 130
The test wants to gobble up the `else or `fi......Page 131
Macros and conditionals; the use of `expandafter......Page 132
Conditionals and grouping......Page 133
More examples of expansion in conditionals......Page 134
Use of token lists......Page 137
Token list registers......Page 138
Operations on token lists: stack macros......Page 139
Executing token lists......Page 140
Interline glue......Page 142
Terminology......Page 144
Additional remarks......Page 145
When does a paragraph start......Page 146
Starting a paragraph with a group......Page 147
An indentation scheme......Page 148
A paragraph skip scheme......Page 149
The way paragraphs end......Page 151
Ending a paragraph and a group at the same time......Page 152
Finite `parfillskip......Page 153
A precaution for paragraphs that do not indent......Page 154
Hanging indentation......Page 155
General paragraph shapes: `parshape......Page 156
Indenting into the margin......Page 157
Another approach to hanging indentation......Page 158
More examples......Page 159
Line Breaking......Page 160
Penalties and other break locations......Page 161
Demerits......Page 162
The process of breaking......Page 163
Hyphens and discretionaries......Page 164
Hyphenation......Page 165
End of a word......Page 166
Switching hyphenation patterns......Page 167
Automatic interword space......Page 169
User interword space......Page 170
Control space and tie......Page 171
Punctuation......Page 172
Other influences on the space factor......Page 173
Mathematical characters......Page 174
Delimiters......Page 175
Finding a delimiter; successors......Page 176
Radicals......Page 177
Math accents......Page 178
Initial family settings......Page 179
Change the font of ordinary characters and uppercase Greek......Page 180
New fonts in formulas......Page 181
Evaluating the families......Page 182
Mathematics Typesetting......Page 183
Styles in math mode......Page 184
Choice of styles......Page 185
Large operators and their limits......Page 186
Mathematical spacing: mu glue......Page 187
Muskip registers......Page 188
Generalized fractions......Page 189
Symbol font attributes......Page 190
Extension font attributes......Page 191
Example: subscript lowering......Page 192
Displays......Page 193
Vertical material around displays......Page 194
Equation numbers......Page 195
Non-centred displays......Page 196
Horizontal and vertical alignment......Page 198
Material between the lines: `noalign......Page 199
Infinite preambles......Page 200
`tabskip......Page 201
Alternate specifications: `omit......Page 202
Rules in alignments......Page 203
Example: math alignments......Page 204
`topskip......Page 206
Page height and depth......Page 207
The current page and the recent contributions......Page 208
Page length bookkeeping......Page 209
Breakpoint penalties......Page 210
Breakpoint computation......Page 211
`vsplit......Page 212
Determining the breakpoint......Page 213
The page builder after a paragraph......Page 214
The `output token list......Page 215
Marks......Page 216
Example: no widow lines......Page 218
Example: no indentation top of page......Page 219
More examples of output routines......Page 220
Insertion items......Page 221
Moving insertion items from the contributions list......Page 222
Insertions in the output routine......Page 223
Plain TeX insertions......Page 224
File I/O......Page 225
Input with `read......Page 226
Inspecting input......Page 227
Write inside a vertical box......Page 228
Expansion and spaces in `write and `message......Page 229
Allocation commands......Page 230
Ground rules for macro writers......Page 231
Start of the job......Page 233
Run modes......Page 234
Formats: loading......Page 236
The knowledge of IniTeX......Page 237
Preloaded fonts......Page 238
Other formats......Page 239
Magnification......Page 240
Fonts......Page 241
Font files......Page 242
TeX and web......Page 243
The TeX Users Group......Page 244
Tracing......Page 245
Show boxes: `showbox, `tracingoutput......Page 246
Global statistics......Page 248
Error messages......Page 249
Exception dictionary (307)......Page 250
Main memory size (30000)......Page 251
Text input levels (6)......Page 252
Notations......Page 253
"426830A filler"526930B , "426830A general text"526930B......Page 254
Differences between TeX versions 2 and 3......Page 255
Glossary of TeX Primitives......Page 257
Character tables......Page 270
Computer modern fonts......Page 272
Mathcharacter codes......Page 277
Delimiter codes......Page 278
"426830A mathchardef tokens"526930B : ordinary symbols......Page 279
"426830A mathchardef tokens"526930B : large operators......Page 280
"426830A mathchardef tokens"526930B : binary operations......Page 281
"426830A mathchardef tokens"526930B : relations......Page 282
`delimiter macros......Page 283
Changes to this document......Page 289